Imininingwane yokuthi ungakhula kanjani utamatisi omkhulu. Konke okudingeka ukwazi kusukela ekukhethweni kwezinhlobonhlobo ekunakekeleni imifino

Yonke insimu iphupha lokuvunwa okucebile utamatisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, utamatisi akufanele kube yiningi kuphela, kufanele ikhule inkulu. Ku-agronomist, isiko esinjalo yisizathu sokuziqhenya.

Lesi sihloko sizokutshela ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokuthi ungathola kanjani utamatisi obukhulu esakhiweni sakho. Yiziphi izinkinga ezingase ziphakame lapho kutshalwa khona, yiziphi izinhlobo ezizokhiqiza izithelo ezinkulu, indlela yokukhetha inhlabathi, amandla kanye nendlela yokulungisa imbewu, kanye nokuthi ungatshala kanjani futhi ukhule kanjani utamatisi.

Izinkinga nezici zokutamatisi ezinkulu ezikhulayo

Ukuze kutholakale isivuno esihle samatamatisi, isisindo esingaphezu kuka-300 amagremu, kunzima kakhulu. Ukuze uphumelele, Kubalulekile ukucabangela ezinye izici.:

• ephakathi neRussia, utamatisi omkhulu ensimini ngeke kube nesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ngakho kufanele itshalwe kuphela ezimweni zokushisa. Eningizimu yezwe, lesi sitshalo singatshala endaweni evulekile (ukutshala utamatisi ensimini, funda lapha);
• Utamatisi udinga ukwakheka okukhethekile, esikuchaza ngezansi;
• kuzodingeka futhi unakekele izitshalo ezinhle, ngoba isithelo singakwazi ukuphula wonke amahlumela;
• ngoba ukutshala utamatisi omkhulu kangaka kuzodinga ukukhanya okuhle nokuhlala njalo nokushisa kwezinga eliphezulu;
• lesi sitshalo kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa okusha, kanye nokulungiselela utamatisi nama-ketchup, kodwa hhayi ukukhetha;
• imvamisa yokugqoka izanda njengoba lezi utamatisi zidinga izakhi eziningi;
• isikhathi sokugcina sezithelo ezinjalo sisinde ngenxa yesikhumba sabo esibi;
• Utamatisi udinga ukuvikelwa kwemimoya eyengeziwe;
• isikhathi sokuvuthwa kamuva siqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezincane ezifutshiwe;
• ukunakekelwa okunzima.

I-Sorta

1. Isimangaliso somhlaba.
2. Alsou.
3. Indlovu emnyama
4. Okumnandi.
5. INkosi yaseSiberia.
6. I-Koenigsberg.
7. I-Tsar Bell.
8. Grandee
9. Isikhali esikhulu.
10. Isikhonkwane seBull.
11. Ukuziqhenya kweSiberia.
12. I-honey honey
13. Iholidi eliyithandayo.
14. Isimangaliso sase-Altai.
15. I-Abakansky pink.

Indlela yokukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele zezamatamatisi, sibhala lapha.

Imisebenzi yokulungiselela

Umhlaba

Inhlabathi yokutshala izithombo kumele ihlanganise lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• umhlaba noma imifino;
• i-peat ne-acidity ayikho ngaphezu kwe-pH 6.5;
• isihlabathi esikhulu somfula;
• i-humus noma i-compost;
• kanye nophuni lomuthi.

Zonke izingxenye kufanele zithathwe ngamanani alinganayo alinganayo.

Ngaphezu kwakho konke okubalwe kusigaba, udinga ukungeza amagremu angu-10 we-urea, ama-30-40 amagremu we-superphosphate nama-10-15 amagremu womanyolo womanyolo. Konke lokhu kungashintshwa ngomanyolo owodwa oyinkimbinkimbi, lapho i-potassium ne-phosphorus kuyoba khona ingxenye enkulu kanye ne-nitrogen engxenyeni encane.

Yonke inhlanganisela yezithombo ezikhulayo kumele ikhutshazwe nge-disinfected. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubamba kuhhavini uphethwe ngamadridi angu-200 cishe imizuzu engaba ngu-40-60. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze amabhaktheriya anenzuzo aphinde avele ku-substrate.

Umhlabathi utamatisi kufanele ube nokukhanya, ukuphefumula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, lapho umswakama uzohlala khona. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukujikeleza kwe-air, i-sphagnum moss ingafakwa enhlabathini ngobuncane.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

1. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu kumele ifakwe kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka sama-manganese. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu nge-gauze, ukuze kamuva ungadingeki ukubamba imbewu. Isikhathi sokucubungula imbewu yezotamatisi yingxenye yesithathu yehora. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu ihlanjululwa ngaphansi kwamanzi asemanzi bese isomisiwe.
2. Kuzo zonke izinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi kudingekile ukwenza okunye kanye nenqubo yokuphuza. Ngalokhu, imbewu kumele ifakwe amahora angu-12 kwisixazululo esilandelayo: gubungula amagremu angu-20 enkuni ngomlotha wamanzi. Futhi, kungcono ukugoqa ngokushesha imbewu esikhwameni se-gauze. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, imbewu ifakwa emanzini ahlanzekile usuku. Isiqukathi ngamanzi kufanele sibe endaweni efudumele (izinga lokushisa elilinganiselwe - ama-24-25 degrees ngaphezulu kwezinga).
3. Bese uqhubeka enkambeni yokuqina. Ngokushesha ngemva kokukhipha imbewu emanzini, badluliselwa esiqandisini amahora angu-48. Isikhwama se-gauze njalo kumele siphonswe ukuze singabe soma.

Emva kwazo zonke lezi zinqubo, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini.

Sikunikeza ukuthi ubukele ividiyo mayelana nokulungiselela imbewu yezotamatisi:

Ukukhethwa kwamandla

Amandla okutshala izithombo angahluka kakhulu. Amakhasethi akhethekile, amakhekhe kanye nezinkomishi ze-peat ziyatholakala. (mayelana nendlela yokutshala izithombo zezotamatisi ezinkomeni ze-peat, sabhala emakhakheni ethu). Futhi ungashintsha izindebe ezivamile zepulasitiki, ezenza izimbobo zokujikeleza kwamanzi namanzi.

Indlela yokutshala: imidwebo nemilayezo

1. Izinyosi zika utamatisi ezinkulu ezidingekayo zimele ukumba kumamitha angu-25 ububanzi.
2. Cishe zonke utamatisi ezinkulu zikhulile kwesinye isiqu. Ngakho-ke, ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla ezilandelana kufanele libe ngamasentimitha angama-70, futhi phakathi kwemigqa ngokwabo - cishe ingxenye yesigamu. Ukuhamba okunjalo kuzosiza utamatisi ngamunye ukuthola ukukhanya okwanele kanye nezakhi.
3. Ukulungisa imithombo yokutshala izithombo kudingeka kusengaphambili. Badinga ukumba isonto emhlabathini kunesikhathi sokufudumala. Emigodini evuliwe kudingeka ubeke umquba, oqukethe ama-humus no-ash ash. (Ukubalwa: ingilazi yomlotha yengezwa ibhakede le-humus.) Inhlabathi kufanele ixubane kuyo yonke inhlabathi, ngoba inhlabathi enesihlabathi ithandwa yizitamatisi.
4. Ngesikhathi sokufika, izinga lokushisa lomthombo wonke akumele libe ngaphansi kuka-13 degrees Celsius. Ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo, i-primer ihlanganiswe nefilimu emnyama. Uma kungekho ifilimu efanelekile, imithombo ingafudumala ngokuthululela amanzi afudumele kuwo. Emgodini ngamunye kudingeka uthele okungenani ibhakede. Ngakho-ke, i-agronomist ngeke ifudumise kuphela inhlabathi, kodwa futhi idale i-microclimate ehle kuyo yonke indawo yokushisa.
5. Okulandelayo, izithombo zidluliselwa endaweni enomphela ngenhla yomhlaba, lapho ikhule khona ngaphambili. Ngakho kuyoba lula ngaye ukudlulisa lokhu kucindezeleka.

Ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokutshala utamatisi kuchazwa lapha.

Ungayinakekela kanjani?

Ukuhlanganisa

1. Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu samatamatisi amakhulu, amahlumela adingeka ukuba akhiwe abe yi-stem eyodwa, okungenani amabili.
2. I-inflorescence yokuqala kufanele isuswe.
3. Ngokushesha nje lapho ama-inflorescences angu-3-4 ewakhiwe, ukukhula kwehlumela elimqoka kufanele kumiswe. Kulokhu udinga ukuchofoza iphuzu lokukhula.
4. Ku-inflorescence ngayinye akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwama-ovari amabili.
5. Ngaphezulu kwesibhamu sokugcina kudingeka ushiye amaqabunga ambalwa.
6. Phakathi nesikhathi sonke semifino, kufanele udle izingane zokutholwa. Kungcono ukuwaqeda futhi uwenze ekuseni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kudingekile ukuthi ushiye isikhukhuni ngobude buka 2-3 cm.

Uma ulandela lezi zincomo, ungathola utamatisi amakhulu ama-3-4 kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi izihlahla ezinjalo zidinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe. Futhi kungcono ukusibeka kusengaphambili, futhi ungalindeli kuze kube yilapho amagatsha ephuka. Akunconywa ukusebenzisa imigqa yokudoba noma izintambo ezincane zalolu hlelo. Ngoba lapho amagatsha ewela phezu kwabo, bangakwazi ukuzigawula.

Sikumema ukuthi ubuke ividiyo mayelana nokubunjwa kwetamatisi:

Ukunisela

Umhlabathi omswakama ofanele akufanele ube njalo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhulu. Utamatisi awunaki ukuphuza okuvamile nokuphuthumayo.. Kungcono ukugcwalisa izihlahla ekubunjweni kwexhaphozi elincane. Ezimweni zokushisa okwedlulele, inkemba enjalo iyohamba masinyane futhi ngeke ilimaze uhlelo lwempande.

Awukwazi ukuwazisa amahlathi phezulu, udinga ukuthululela kuphela empandeni. Isikhathi esanele sokugcoba umhlabathi kusihlwa lapho ilanga selibe selihlelwe. Ebusuku, utamatisi ungadliwa umswakama okwanele.

Ngokuvamile imvamisa yokuphuza i-1-2 izikhathi ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlahla ngasinye kumele sithole ama-5 amalitha amanzi. Ngaphambi kokumisa amanzi, amanzi kufanele abekwe eceleni izinsuku ezimbalwa bese engeza umquba, umquba kanye nokhula. Ukuxhashazwa okunjalo kuzokusiza ukuba amanzi asheshe, afane namanzi emvula.

Sikumema ukuba ubuke ividiyo mayelana nokuthambisa utamatisi:

Ukukhanyisa

Ukukhuluma ngamatamatisi anezithelo ezinkulu, kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi lokho isiko sidinga ukukhanya okuningi. Uma kungenjalo, izithelo azivuthanga ngisho nezinyanga ezintathu. Ngokutshala utamatisi olunjalo udinga ukukhetha indawo evulekile kakhulu elangeni usuku lonke. Akufanele kube khona ukukhanya okukhulu.

Usizo! Futhi uma utamatisi ukhula ezimweni zokushisa, kubalulekile ukunakekela ukukhanya okungeziwe okuhle. Lapha zombili izibani ze-fluorescent nama-fitolamps akhethekile, afaneleke kahle ekutshaleni izitshalo, zingafaneleka.

Ukudla

Ukudla kokuqala kufanele kwenzeke phakathi nesonto emva kokutshala utamatisi ku-greenhouse noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Kuyafaneleka ngalelixazululo ngezinyoni zezinyoni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udoti olomile lugofa emanzini amahora amaningana ngesilinganiso se-1:20.

Ukudla okulandelayo kwenziwa emavikini amabili.. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa umanyolo oyingqayizivele, futhi ungakwazi ukuhlunga isipuni se nitrophoska kuya kwamalitha amahlanu amanzi. Amanzi ilitha ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.

Ukudla okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kuze kutholakale izithelo ezigcwele.

Ama-nuances kanye nezimfihlo zokuvunwa okuhle

• Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile, udinga ukususa ngesikhathi esifanayo amaqabunga aphansi, kanye nama-yellowed kanye nalabo abathinta izithelo namabhulashi.
• Ukwenza utamatisi amnandi, adinga ukondliwa nge-iodine. Ukulungisa ikhambi, udinga ukuthatha amalitha ayishumi amanzi bese ufaka amaconsi amathathu e-iodine lapho. Lo umanyolo usetshenziswa kanye ngenkathi ngayinye.
• Ngaphambi kokwakheka kwezithelo zokuqala, utamatisi udinga ukuphuziswa ngokukhipha utshani obuvutshiwe.
• Isikhathi esivela ekukhuleni kwezithombo zokuqala ekufikeni kwawo endaweni ehlala njalo kufanele sigcine okungenani izinsuku ezingama-50.

Kulula ukukhula izinhlobo eziningi zezotamatisi. Ngakho-ke, akuwona wonke ama-agronomist enza lokhu. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela yonke imithetho futhi ulandele ngendlela efike ngesikhathi. Futhi-ke umlimi wezitshalo uzothola isivuno esicebile samatamatisi amakhulu.