I-nuances yama-utamatisi okhulayo endaweni yokushisa ebusika. Yini okudingeka ukwazi ukuthi uthole isivuno esikhulu ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka?

Abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba sikhule utamatisi ebusika. Kuvela ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngempela wonke umuntu.

Ukuze uthole isivuno samatamatisi abamba ukushisa ebusika akwenzeki nje kuphela ezimweni zokukhiqiza izimboni.

Yiqiniso, kunezinhlayiya nezinkinga ezithile, kodwa zincintiswa ngokuphelele uma ulandela imithetho ethile yokulima. Kodwa umphumela uzokhokha kokubili izindleko zempahla kanye nomsebenzi osetshenzisiwe.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zezamatamatisi ongakhetha kuzo?

Imfuneko esemqoka esebenza ezinhlobonhlobo "zobusika" - utamatisi wabo ukukhula okuhle ezimweni eziphansi zokukhanya. Isidingo sesibili esibalulekile ezihlukahlukeneyo ukuphela kwayo., okungukuthi, ikhono lokukhula okuqhubekayo.

Ikuvumela ukuthi udale ukudubula okuqondile, okungukuthi, ukuthola isivuno esiphezulu kusuka endaweni encane. Ezinye izidingo ezihlukahlukene ziyizinga elijwayelekile - ukunambitheka okuhle, ukuvunwa okuphezulu, ukuvuthwa kokuqala, ukumelana nezifo, ukuntuleka kokukhubazeka, njll.

Lezi zidingo zihlangatshezwa yizinhlayiya zanamatamatisi zanamuhla.

I-Samara F1

Ukuphakama 2-2.5 amamitha, ukuhluma kwezinsuku ezingu 90-95, izithelo ezinesisindo esingama-80-100 g.

Vasilievna F1

Ukuphakama 1.8-2 amamitha. Srednerosly, fruiting emva kwezinsuku 95-97, isisindo fetus cishe 150 g

I-Divo F1

Ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-1.7-1.9, ukuhluma emva kwezinsuku eziyikhulu, isisindo somntwana - 150-200 g noma ngaphezulu.

I-Annabel F1

Srednerosly, fruiting emva kwezinsuku ezingu-119, izithelo isisindo 110-120 g.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, izinhlamvu ezidumile:

• I-Eupator;
• UMongameli;
• Raisa;
• Dobrun;
• Baby;
• I-Flamenco;
• I-Pink Flamingo;
• I-Octopus;
• Amber;
• Isiphepho, njll.

Indlela yokulungisa i-greenhouse?

Ukuze ulungiselele ukushisa okushisa ukuze kusetshenziswe ubusika, kuyadingeka:

1. susa amaconsi amadala kanye nama-debris;
2. hlola ukushisa okushisa, wenze ukulungiswa okudingekayo;
3. hlola impilo yokukhanyisa, ukushisa nokusebenzisa amanzi;
4. susa u-10-15 cm we-topsoil;
5. lungisa umhlabathi.

Ukulungiswa komhlaba

Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi okuhle kakhulu kwetamatisi ekhulayo kuyinhlanganisela ye-humus ne-sod inhlabathi e-1: 1 isilinganiso.

Umshini ungqimba lwezinto eziphilayo (biofuel). I-substrate: umquba, i-sawdust ebolile, amahlamvu, utshani. Ugwayi akufanele uphathwe nge-herbicides.. Ukusetshenziswa kobunzima ngehora elilodwa² - 10-12 kg.

Ugwayi ofafazwe ngomanyolo kanye namanzi abilisiwe kuze kube yilapho usungulwa. Umanyolo wokusetshenziswa umanyolo ngamunye ngegremu elingu-100:

• i-lime - 1 kg;
• urea - 1.3 kg;
• i-potassium nitrate - 1 kg;
• superphosphate - 1 kg;
• potassium sulfate - 0.5 kg.

Ama-microorganisms aqala ukuthuthukisa ngentshiseko. I-substrate ishisa kuze kufike kuma-40-50 degrees. Ngemva kwesonto, le nqubo iphela, kanti lapho izinga lokushisa liwela emazingeni angaba ngu-35, ungqimba lomhlabathi obungaba ngu-10 cm ubukhulu bubekiwe phezu kwe-substrate. Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlabathi ifafazwa ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ubukhulu bendlala bubunwetshwe ku-20-25 cm.

Inhlabathi kumele ikhunjulwe nge-1% isisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma isisombululo se-nitraphine esingu-3%. Ukuqeda ama-nematodes, kubalulekile ukuphatha umhlaba ngokulungiselela "Nematophagin".

Ngenye indlela I-biological remedy isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthola i-biohumus-California red worm. Isebenza kahle nge-substrate, ngesikhathi esifanayo ngcono izakhiwo zenhlabathi.

Izithombo ezikhulayo

Lokhu kwenziwa kanje:

1. Imbewu ilandelwe. Uma zigcinwa endaweni epholile (esiqandisini), kufanele zifudumale ngamasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Esimweni esilula, izinsuku ezimbalwa zanele ukuzigcina ebhethri.
2. Imbewu ifakwe ngokubamba imizuzu engu-20 kwisisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate ku-40⁰ Nge-noma ubeke imizuzu engu-8 ku-2-3% isisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide.
3. Ukulungiselela ingxube yezwe le-humus, le-peat ne-sod.
4. Ingxube yomhlaba inenzwa ngesisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate noma i-steamed.
5. Ukugeleza kugoqwe phansi kwebhokisi lamapulangwe - ubumba obwandisiwe, i-pine bark echotshoziwe, njll.
6. Thela inhlabathi, i-tamped kancane.
7. Bamba ama-groove ngokujula kwe-0.5 cm bese uhlwanyela kuzo imbewu elungiselelwe ne-3-4 cm.
8. Sula amabhokisi ngamanzi ashisayo bese umboza ngilazi.
9. Emva kokuhluma, ingilazi isusiwe futhi amabhokisi afakwa ekamelweni elipholile (14⁰-16⁰ ntambama no-10⁰-12⁰ ebusuku).
10. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa izinga lokushisa liphakanyisiwe, okwenza usuku lufike ku-18⁰-20⁰futhi ebusuku kuze kube ngu-12⁰-14⁰.
11. Izithombo eziphakanyisiwe zikhanyisa okungenani amahora angu-12-14 ngosuku.

Khetha

Ukukhethwa kuyadingeka ukuze sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande. Kuqhutshwa lapho izithombo ziphonsa amaqabunga amabili okuqala eqiniso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izitshalo ezincane zidluliselwa ezimbizeni noma epaketini zephepha ngenhlanganisela yomhlabathi.

Uma u-transplanting, phonsa umcibisholo oyinhloko nge-1/3. Ukutshala kungcwatshwa ekomishini kuma-cotyledons futhi kancane kancane. Ukuze izitshalo ezigobile, ukukhanya kumile izinsuku ezingu-3-4. Khona-ke izibani zivuliwe futhi.

Ukunisela nokudla

Izitshalo ezikhethiwe ziphuziswa ngokulinganisela - izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto.. Ukondla kwenziwa kathathu: okokuqala ngesonto emva kokukhethwa, okwesibili - emva kokuvela kwephepha lesithathu, okwesithathu - ngemuva kwephepha lesishiyagalombili. Ammonium sulfate (1.5 g / l) noma ingxube ejwayelekile ye-nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium isetshenziselwa ukugqoka phezulu.

Ukutshala kabusha endaweni enomphela

Ukufakelwa kwesitshalo ku-greenhouse kwenziwa lapho izitshalo zakha amaqabunga angu-6-7 weqiniso.

1. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, izithombo zidluliselwa kubamba lokushisa ukuze zijwayele izimo ezincane ezintsha.
2. Ukushisa kwomoya endaweni yokushisa kuphakama kuya ku-23⁰-24⁰.
3. Iviki ngaphambi kokufakelwa isitshalo, izithombo zifakwe ngesixazululo se-sulfate se-5% ukuvimbela izifo ze-fungal.
4. Izinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, izithombo ziphuziswa kakhulu.
5. I-Landing scheme - i-ribbon emibili. Emhlabathini wenze izimbobo endaweni eqhele ngamamitha amahlanu ukusuka komunye nomunye. Uma izinhlobonhlobo kule ncazelo zibonakala zinamandla, ibanga eliphakathi kwezimbobo lingama-60-70 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lingama-60-90 cm.
6. Imithombo iphathwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate (2 g / l).
7. Okungenani amalitha angu-0.5 (hhayi kubanda!) Kuthululelwa emthonjeni ngamunye.
8. Ukuphendulela, susa ngokucophelela isithombo kanye nenhla yomhlaba.
9. Imbewu ishukunyiselwa emgodini, ingcwatshwe eceleni kwe-cotyledon, futhi i-tamped ngokucophelela.

Imithetho yokunakekelwa

Imodi yokumisa

Umswakama we-Hygrometer kufanele ube ngu-60-70%.. Ngokubukeka, isibonakaliso sokubheka umthamo odingekayo umswakama uhlale unomhlabathi omanzi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga ahlaza kanye namaqabunga omile.

Ngeviki lokuqala emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, izitshalo ngokuvamile aziphuzi nhlobo. Lapho izimpande zinyuka, ungaqala ukuchelela. Ukushisa okukhulu kwamanzi kungama-20-22 degrees. Ngaphambi kokuba utamatisi wezimbali uphuze njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi - 4-5 amalitha per square square. Ngemuva kokuqala kwezimbali, ukwanda kwamanzi kuya ku-10-12 amalitha. Nisela emmpandeni.

Ukushisa

Utamatisi awubekezelele izinguquko ezinkulu futhi ngokuzumayo ekushiseni.. Ukushisa okuphezulu okushisa kufanele kube ngu-22⁰-24⁰, izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi kufanele libe ngu-19⁰. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, lesi sitshalo sizokwehla amahlumela, izimbali, nama-ovari.

Izindlela zokufeza lezi ziminganiso zokushisa ezifanele zixhomeke endleleni ukushisa okushisa kushisa ngayo. Uma kunjalo, uma izinga lokushisa livutha ngogesi, le imodi ifezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo besebenzisa ukushisa okushisa.

Ukukhanyisa

Asikho isidingo sokukhanyisa i-clock-clock. Ubude obude bezinsuku ebamba ukushisa for utamatisi amahora 16-18. Uma izithombo zihlwanyelwe ngoSepthemba-Okthoba, isikhathi sokukhanya esikhanyayo sizokhuphuka, ngoba isikhathi sokukhula sizowela ngesikhathi sosuku olufushane. Uma utamatisi uhlwanyelwa ngoNovemba-Disemba, khona-ke isikhathi sokukhula okujulile sizohambisana nokufaka isikhathi sokukhanya, futhi ukukhanya okungeziwe kunganciphisa.

Ekupheleni kwebusika, lapho ilanga sesivele seliqala ukukhanya ngokubaluleka, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi utamatisi awutshisi. Kulesi sitshalo, ngezinye izikhathi kuyadingeka ukuba umthunzi ngokukhethekile, ikakhulukazi ukuvikela i-ovary.

Ibhande le-Garter

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-tomato ezikhulile ezitshalwe ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zidinga i-garters edingekayo. I-garter kufanele iqaliswe 3-4 izinsuku emva kokufakelwa kabusha. Ama-tapestries afakwe ku-greenhouse, okungukuthi, imigqa yocingo elimnyama elulezwe endaweni ephakeme cishe ngo-1.8 m.

Isitshalo ngasinye asihlanganisiwe ngokuqinile, kanti omunye umkhawulo wendophi uboshelwe ku-trellis. Njengoba zikhula, isiqu siphenduka sungeze intambo. Kunzima kakhulu ukuqinisa i-garter akufanele ibe. Ukuqinisa isiqu e-trellis kuneziqeshana ezikhethekile. Lapho lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ekuphakameni okufunayo, phezulu kufanele ikhonjiwe.

Masking

I-Stepson - ukuphunyuka kwesibili-oda okuvela esifuba seqabunga. Kumelwe zisuswe ngoba zichitha isitshalo ngeze, ngaphandle kokufaka noma yikuphi isivuno. Susa izingane zokutholwa, uma zingadluli u-3-5 cm ubude. Ngezinye izikhathi enye yezinyathelo ezingezansi ishiywe, ikhetha ezinamandla kunazo zonke, futhi zakha isihlahla seziqu ezimbili.

Ngakho-ke, uma senze imizamo ethile, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole isitshalo sezotamatisi esitokisini sethu sokushisa ebusika. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho kunolwazi oluthile oluthile, umnikazi othakazelisayo angacabanga ngokuhlela ukukhiqizwa kwakhe okuncane.

Izitshalo zanamuhla, eziklanyelwe ukukhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zasebusika, zine-agrotechnology efanele, zifanelekile ngempela kulesi sitshalo - kuze kufike ku-20 kg ngesilinganiso ngasinye semitha.