Izici zezamatamatisi ezikhulayo endaweni yokushisa kanye nencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ezifanele

Utamatisi ungomunye wemifino esemqoka etafuleni lanoma yimuphi umuntu ohlala eRussia; ngakho-ke, ukhule kakhulu ku-dacha ngayinye noma emasimini asekhaya.

Kodwa ensimini ukuze ulinde isivuno kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ngokushesha uthole isivuno esicebile senkambiso ethandwayo, ungasebenzisa ukushisa okushisa.

Esihlokweni sethu sizokutshela ukuthi i-greenhouse ihluke kanjani ku-greenhouse, nokuthi ngabe kungenzeka yini ukuba ukhule utamatisi usebenzisa isakhiwo salolu hlobo. Futhi funda ngezansi mayelana nesikhathi sokutshala izithombo zika utamatisi ebamba lokushisa nokuthi ungayenza kanjani kahle.

Yini ehlukile ku-abamba ukushisa?

Ukuze uqonde umehluko phakathi kokushisa nokushisa, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici zesakhiwo ngasinye ngokwehlukana.

Ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina izithombo ayisebenzisi ukushisa okufakelwayo nokukhanyisa, ngoba ukushisa kwemvelo nokukhanyisa kwenzeka ngosizo lwelanga nokushisa, okukhishwa ngesikhathi kuqubuka ama-humus nomquba. Ukuthola imifino ekhulayo ngaphakathi kwebamba lokushisa, kubalulekile ukuphakamisa izingxenye zayo eziphezulu nezinhlangothi; ezakhiweni zalolu hlobo azikho iminyango.

I-greenhouse emingcele yayo ihluke kakhulu ngokushisa. Cishe kube nokuphakama okukhulu - kufika kumamitha angu-2.5 nangaphezulu, ukuze umuntu abe nokuphakama kwakhe okugcwele ngisho nemishini ekhethekile. Ezikhungweni nasemasimini, ngokuvamile bajwayele ukubeka izakhiwo zokushisa ezilungisiwe ezincane.

Ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo nokushisa kungafakwa ngaphakathi kokushisa, kanye namanye amadivaysi alawula izici ezihlukahlukene zokulima kwezitshalo, isibonelo, amadivaysi agcina izinga lokushisa nomswakama wenhlabathi nomoya. Ngenxa yokuthi kungenzeka ukuhlela izimo zokufakelwa ezidingekayo yizitshalo, imifino ingahlwanyelwa ku-greenhouse unyaka wonke.

Kungenzeka yini ukutshala utamatisi usebenzisa lolu hlobo lokwakhiwa?

Utamatisi awunakwenzeka nje kuphela, kodwa futhi kudingeka akhule ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ngoba umkhuba we-thermophilic awubekezeli amaqhwa. Kungenzeka ukutshala lesi sitshalo endaweni evulekile kuphela ngoJuni, kodwa ezinyangeni ezimbili zasehlobo izithelo ngeke zithole isikhathi sokuvuthwa kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukutshala utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa kuqhutshwa kabanzi emgwaqeni ophakathi.

Indlela idinga ukulungiselela ngokucophelela nokuthola ulwazi oluthile. Inselele ikhona ekudaleni izimo ezidingekayo, izinga lokushisa elithile lomoya nomhlabathi.

Uma ulungisa kahle ukushisa nokuhlwanyela izithombo, yenza i-microclimate edingekayo futhi wenze imisebenzi yokunakekela ngesikhathi, ekugcineni, isiko sizojabulisa ngokuvuna okuvuthiwe namanzi.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zembewu ongakhetha kuzo?

Uma ukhetha izinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi ngokutshala endaweni yokushisa, qaphela injongo yokuvuna esikhathini esizayo (ukulondolozwa noma ukusetshenziswa okusha), izimo zezulu zendawo, isivuno, isikhathi sokuvuthwa nokutholakala nezifo. Ukulima endaweni yokushisa kufanelana nezinhlobo zezitamatisi ezilandelayo.

Yarylo

Izinhlobonhlobo zakhiwe ngqo ngokutshalwa kokushisa. Isithelo esimise nxazonke esinobudlelwane obukhulu sinesisindo esingamakhulu amagremu ayikhulu. Cishe ngo-4 kilograms yesitshalo ngokuvamile ibuthana kusuka emitha yemitha yokufika.

Funtik

Emagqumeni e-compact, afinyelela ubude bamamitha angu-2.3, izithelo ezinkulu zibonakala zibomvu. Bahlala begcina inkulumo yabo ngesikhathi sokuthutha futhi cishe abaqedi.

Rene

Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-superearly, Kodwa-ke, inezakhiwo zomhlaba wonke. Izithelo ezinezindonga ezinamandla zinomdla ocebile. Ngenxa yenguquko ebukhali ekushiseni, utamatisi awunqamuki, ukugcina ukubonakala okufanayo. Izithelo ezivuthwe ngokugcwele zikhiqiza ijusi eliphakeme kakhulu.

Dina

Isihlahla esiphansi esinenani elijwayelekile lamagatsha likhulu lokushisa okushisa. Izithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zifinyelela ku-120 kuya ku-160 amagremu ngesisindo.

Izinhlobo ezingaphansi komhlaba

Ngokuvamile kuvame ukushisa ukutshala utamatisi obunzima, ngoba kulula ukubanakekela ngezimo zobuncane obusayizi. Zibonakala ngezihlahla ezingafinyeleli ngamasentimitha angaphezu kwangu-80 ukuphakama, nesitshalo esinamandla. Izinhlobonhlobo ezithintekayo azizithobeki kakhulu, akudingeki ukuba zakhiwe futhi zenzeke, ezenza kube lula ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo endaweni yokushisa esondelene. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka okulandelayo.

Gina

Izinhlobonhlobo ezintsha zakhiwe ngabalimi abavela eHolland, futhi okwamanje kubhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo eziphezulu ezinikezelayo nezinkulu. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo kufinyelela kumamitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-60 kuphela. Uma ukhula ezihlukahlukene endlini yokushisa, ungathola izithelo ezinkulu, ufinyelele amagremu angu-400 ngesisindo.

Denis

Izinhlobonhlobo ezindala kunazo zonke, ezakhiwe e-United States, zibhekwa utamatisi omunwe wombala obomvu ocebile, obonisa ukunambitheka okulinganiselayo, okumnandi. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana kahle nesomiso, ukuhlaselwa kwesithwathwa nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane.

Inhliziyo ye-Lion

Izinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe ukuze zisetshenziswe. Kuqala ukuvuthwa nokuphakama okukhulu. Izithelo ezimnyama ezibomvu zefomu flat ziphethe ukunambitheka okumnandi.

Ungalungiselela kanjani ukufika?

Ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi ukushisa kumele kulungiswe. Njengoba uhlelo lokushisa olufakelwayo alufakiwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, kunzima ukulondoloza ukushisa okungcono ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, kodwa kungenzeka.

Okokuqala, kudingekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungapheleli kwendwangu kungabonakali ukuze ebusuku ubusuku obushushu ngosuku olushusayo aluphuluki emifuleni.

Kulokhu okudingeka ukwenze:

1. Tape zonke izindawo lapho izingxenye ezihlukene zezinto zihlanganiswa ndawonye.
2. Vala ifilimu elele emhlabathini nge-primer ezungeze umjikelezo.
3. Phezulu kwesinye isendlalelo sokugqoka ukuze kube khona ukuqhutshwa kwomoya phakathi kwezingqimba.

Ungakwazi ukufudumala isikhala ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse usebenzisa ama-biofuels, ehlanganisa amaqabunga owomile, ama-droppings ezinyoni, umquba omusha kanye nokudliwa kokudla. Le ndlela isiza ukuthuthukisa ukubunjwa nokuzala kwenhlabathi.

1. Ebeleni, umsele ongamamitha angu-50 ububanzi ugujwa esakhiweni sokushisa okuzayo.
2. Isidumbu sigxila emgodini oholayo, ngoba entwasahlobo umhlabathi oqhwaziwe awuyikuwuvumela.
3. Lapho kufika entwasahlobo, iqhwa lisuswa emgodini, i-biofuel igcinwe ngaphakathi, igcwalise umgodi izingxenye ezintathu, futhi ngaphezulu kubeka umhlaba ovundile, owakhiwe emgodini ekuwa (kufanele kugcinwe).
4. Ngemuva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisa indaba yokufaka efolda efakiwe.
5. Ukushisa okubangela ukufudumala kuyashisa ngokulandela uhlelo oluhlongozwa ngenhla, bese lushiya esimweni esivaliwe amasonto amabili.

Ukulungiselela imibhede

Isonto ngaphambi kokutshala utamatisi ukulungisa imibhede. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, faka izinga lokushisa lomhlaba, futhi uma liba ngaphansi kwamadigri angaphansi kuka-10, ukufika kuhlehlisiwe. Ezinqolobaneni zokugcina izithombo ezifakwe ezindlini zokulala, kulula ukuhlela imibhede ephakeme.

Ukuvimbela ukuwa komhlaba, zombili zomabili imibhede wabeka izindonga zamabhodi. Ukuphakama kwemibhede enjalo kubanga kusuka kumamitha angu-25 ukuya kwangu-40. Ububanzi bendlela buxhomeke kubukhulu be-greenhouse noma ezihlukahlukene zezamatamatisi ezihlwanyelwe. Imibhede elungiselelwe igcwele inhlabathi evundile.

Ukukhula kwamahlumela nokuthatha

Ezitsheni zokushisa ezihlwanyelwe nezitshalo ezinzima. Ukulima kwalo kuzodinga:

• peat izinkomishi noma izitsha eside;
• imbewu elungiselelwe;
• inhlabathi enezakhi;
• amanye amathuluzi.

1. I-Ground ithululelwa ku-peat izindebe noma kuziqukathi.
2. Khona-ke, izimbobo ezincane zenziwa emhlabathini wokutshala imbewu, ehlanganiswe ngendwangu encane yomhlaba phezulu.

Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukukhula izithombo ku-peat izindebe, ngoba kuleli cala akudingeki ukudonsa, okungalimaza uhlelo lwesipuli esibucayi. Uma izithombo zitshalwe esitsheni, lapho kufika la maqabunga, zikhetha, zihlwanyela izitshalo ezincane ezitsheni ezihlukene.

Ukunisela nokudla

Ngemuva kokutshala, imbewu iphuziswa kakhulu futhi ishiya kulo mhlaba kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi iyomile - kuphela ukuphuza okulandelayo kuyadingeka. Izinsuku eziyisithupha ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni yokushisa, izithombo nazo ziphuziswa kakhulu.

Ukudla izithombo kudlula izikhathi ezine:

1. emva kokuvela kwamapheshana okuqala, besebenzisa amaminerali amaminerali anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen ne-phosphorus;
2. amasonto amabili emva kokukhetha umanyolo ofanayo;
3. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-14 kokudla okwesibili, besebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-foliar yokugqoka, okuzosiza izithombo ukuba zilulame kusukela enkambweni yokuqoqa;
4. izinsuku ezine ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha ku-greenhouse, besebenzisa amaminerali noma umanyolo ophilayo.

Ngingahluma nini futhi kanjani?

Lapho nje izithombo sezikhulile futhi zikhula, zishintshwa zibe yi-greenhouse. Ukulandelana kwezinyathelo kufana nalokhu:

1. Inhlabathi iswakanyiswe kancane futhi ikhululiwe.
2. Emibhedeni eyenziwe izimbobo.
3. Isihlahla sifakwa emigodini, uhlelo lwempande lusakazeka lugcwele umhlaba. Ukunciphisa inhlabathi akufanele, ukuze izimpande zikhululeke.
4. Izinsuku ezintathu emva kokutshala, izitshalo zanisela.

Izigaba eziyinhloko

Isigaba ngasinye sokulima kumele sidinga ukunakekelwa okufanele futhi sihambisane nemibandela edingekayo ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse.

1. Ngaphambi kwezimbali.

   Izinsuku ezingu-12 ngemuva kokutshala izithombo ngaphansi kwebamba lokushisa, kubalulekile ukubopha izitshalo ku-trellis. Ngokuvamile, amahlumela ama-utamatisi akhiwa ngesinye isiqalo, esusa zonke izingane zokutholwa ezikhulayo ezivela emaqeleni amaqabunga kanye nezimpande, zishiya ibhonasi elilodwa eliphansi eliphethe ibhulashi elimibalabala. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesiqhakabhaka, utamatisi uyanisela njalo emva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha, kudla amalitha amahlanu amanzi ngamitha engaphansi kwendawo yokutshala.

2. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.

   Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, ukuvota impova nokuvuthwa kuyindlela ebalulekile. Esikhathini sokushisa okuvaliwe, izinambuzane azikwazi ukufika ezitshalweni, ngakho-ke umlimi kufanele adle imithi utamatisi yedwa. Ngokuba le shayela ngezimbali ngokuzumayo ziyagubha, bese ifafaza ngamanzi. Amahora amabili emva kwenkambiso, i-greenhouse ivuliwe ukuvuthisa nokunciphisa umswakama.

   Ukushaywa ngotamatisi njalo ngesikhathi sezimbali kudlala indima enkulu, ngoba inhlabathi enomanzi yenza izithelo zibe mnandi namanzi. Amanzi ngalesi sigaba sokulima kanje: ngaphambi kokuba izithelo ziqale, cishe amalitha ayishumi nanhlanu wamanzi athululelwa emitha yemitha ngayinye.

3. Ngemuva kwezimbali.

   Kulesi sigaba, ukuqina kokunisela kuncishisiwe. Ukufudumala kuqhutshwa ngokufanayo njalo njengakuqala, ukugwema umswakama ophezulu. Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna kuqala, ukuchelela kuyama ngokuphelele. Uma ungayinaki le ncomo, utamatisi uzothola okuthakazelisayo nokucebile.

Okudingekayo

Ukunakekela utamatisi akulula. Isici esibalulekile sokunakekelwa yi-garter ngesikhathi esifanele nokubunjwa kwe-shrub, ukuvimbela umonakalo ku-stem. Kuyadingeka ukuze ulawule inani lama-ovari esitshalweni, okungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzoba nesikhathi sokukhula nokuvuthwa.

Ngokuba utamatisi omude, izingodo noma trellis zilungiselelwe, eziqhutshwa eduze kwesitshalo. Njengoba i-garter ikhula, ihamba phezulu futhi ephakeme. Hlola njalo izitshalo, ususe amaqabunga aphuzi, abonakalisiwe nezifo. Kanye namaviki amabili noma amathathu, utamatisi udliwe nge potassium sulfate, urea ne-superphosphate.

• Umswakama

  Kanye ngesonto, utamatisi uyanisela, athulule amalitha amahlanu amanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye. Ngemuva kwenqubo ngayinye yokunisela, i-greenhouse kumele ikwazi ukugwema umswakama owedlulele ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.

• Ukushisa

  Ku-abamba ukushisa kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso othile wokushisa: ngesikhathi semini emazingeni angu-25 kuya kwangu-26, nasebusuku - ngama-degrees angu-18. Izinkomba ezinjalo zingafinyelelwa ngokufudumala nokushisa ngama-biofuels, kanye nomthombo wemvelo wokukhanya kwelanga.

• Masking

  Ezinhlobonhlobo zakha izingane zokutholwa, lezi zinsuku zihlanza njalo ukuze zigweme ukukhuphuka. Inqubo ye-Pasynkovaya ikuvumela ukuthi uthole i-shrub, equkethe isite esisodwa esiqinile. Uma ushiya ama-stepsons amabili asele phansi, uthola isihlahla esiqhakazile, kodwa zonke amahlumela avela kuma-axils ezinyathweni zisuswa ngokungenangqondo.

• Ukukhanyisa

  Ngokuvamile, ukukhanyisa kwemvelo kuphela kusetshenziselwa ukushisa okushisa, kodwa uma ubukhulu bendawo yokushisa buyakuvumela futhi namathuba, ungafaka ukukhanyisa okwenziwe okwengeziwe ngendlela yezibani ze-fluorescent.

Utamatisi okhulayo endaweni yokushisa ikuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno esifike ngesikhathi esivuthiwe. Ukuhlomisa isakhiwo nokunakekela isiko ngaphakathi akuwona umsebenzi onzima kangaka.