Sikhula utamatisi wasekhaya "I-Moscow Delicacy": incazelo, izici kanye nezinhlobo zezithombe

I-tomato "yokudla eMoscow" kubalimi kuyothakazelisa ngoba utamatisi wayo unokuqukethwe okushukela ophezulu futhi ukunambitheka kwawo kuthandwa kakhulu nezingane. Abalimi bazoba nesithakazelo ezitshalweni zayo eziphakeme, futhi kungenzeka ukugcwalisa imakethe yamathemikhali ngendlela enhle kakhulu yokusebenza kwendawo yonke.

Incazelo egcwele yezinhlobonhlobo nazo zonke mayelana nezici zokulima kanye nezici, funda isihloko sethu.

Utamatisi "Ukuzijabulisa eMoscow: incazelo ehlukahlukene

Ngokusho kwedatha yayo, izinhlobonhlobo ze-tomato ezihlukahlukene zaseMoscow zinesikhathi sokuvuthwa. Kusukela ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu ekuvuneni izithelo zokuvuthwa zokuqala, izinsuku ezingu 117-122 zidlula. Izinhlobonhlobo zinconywa ukuthi zikhulele ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, zitshalwe ezigodini ezivulekile kuphela eningizimu yeRussia.

Isihlahla siyisitshalo sohlobo olungapheli, sifinyelela ukuphakama kuka-155-185 amasentimitha. Izitshalo ezinhle kakhulu zokuvuna ziboniswa lapho isihlahla sakhiwa ngu 2-3 sifanamsindvo. Ibhulashi lokuqala lenziwa ngaphezu kweqabunga lesishiyagalolunye. Isihlahla sesitshalo sidinga i-garter ephoqelekile ekusekelweni okuqondile noma nge-trellis.

Izinhlobonhlobo zinesici esithakazelisayo. Izithelo zokuqala zenziwe kancane kancane kunezinye. Nakuba kwezinye izinhlobo zezotamatisi, utamatisi wokuqala ngokuvamile ukhulula. Inani elikhulu lamaqabunga, uhlobo olujwayelekile lwezotamatisi, kunesayizi enkulu, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ocacile, okhululekile ekuthunjweni.

Izibuyekezo eziningi ezivela kubalimi zinikeza iseluleko ekususeni amaqabunga aphansi esitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhanjiswa komhlabathi emigodini kuthuthukiswa. Abanye balimi baye baqaphela ukunqotshwa kwezitshalo nge-nematode yengulube lapho bekhula utamatisi endaweni yokushisa. Izinhlobonhlobo zokudla okunomsoco zaseMoscow ziphikisana ngokwemvelo nezifo ezifisa ukwanda kwamatamatisi futhi ziya phezulu ekulimazeni okuphelile. Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinye izinhlobo, utamatisi uveza ngisho nokukhiqiza isivuno isikhathi eside.

Izici

Izwe lokuzalanisa - iRussia. Umumo ohlangene, ngokubukeka kufana nezithelo eziphakathi nendawo pepper yaseBulgaria. Isisindo esilinganisweni sisuka kumagremu angu-75 kuya ku-140; uma sikhulile esitsheni esibamba ukushisa, utamatisi olinganisa amagremu angu-180 abhalwe. Utamatisi ongenamathele aluhlaza okomnyama okombala ngendawo emnyama esiteshini, okuvuthiwe - umbala obomvu obhalwe kahle, ngezinye izikhathi umbala ogqamile.

Ungaqhathanisa isisindo sezithelo ezihlukahlukene nezinye izinhlobo etafuleni elingezansi:

Isicelo jikelele, ukunambitheka okuhle kuma-saladi, ungaqhubeki ngenkathi ukwelashwa kokushisa, okufanele uketshezi kanye no-salting, okusetshenziselwa ukudla kwezingane. Ukukhiqiza - 3.5-4.0 kilogram kusuka esihlahleni, 8.0-9.0 kg imitha ngayinye uma uhlwanyela izitshalo ezingaphezu kwezintathu. Ukubonakala kokuphepha okuhle, okuphakeme ngesikhathi sokuhamba, endaweni epholile kuqhubeka kuze kube phakathi noNovemba.

Ungaqhathanisa isivuno sezinhlobonhlobo nabanye etafuleni elingezansi:

Isithombe

Ukubonakala ngokujwayelene nezinhlobonhlobo zamatamatisi "I-Moscow Delicacy" ingaba esithombeni esingezansi:

Amandla nobuthakathaka

Izinzuzo:

• isivuno esihle, ukukhiqiza isikhathi eside;
• ubukhulu obulinganayo bezithelo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhambisanayo kokusetshenziswa kwazo;
• amaphesenti aphezulu okuqukethwe ushukela ezithelo;
• ukulondolozwa okuhle ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside;
• Izidingo zokunakekelwa okuphansi lapho zikhula;
• ukumelana okuhle nezifo zika utamatisi.

Izinkinga: Isidingo sokwakha nokuhlanganisa isihlahla.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezifo ezithandwa kakhulu utamatisi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo lapha. Sizokubuye sikutshele ngezindlela zokubhekana nazo.

Esizindeni sethu uzothola ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa mayelana nezinhlekelele ezifana ne-Alternaria, i-Fusarium, i-Verticillis, i-Phytophlorosis nezindlela zokuvikela ngokumelene ne-Phytophthora.

Izici zokukhula

Njengoba kunikezwe isikhathi esivamile sokuvuthwa kwezinhlobo, isikhathi sokutshala imbewu sezithombo sikhethwe ngabanye. Ngezici eziningi, lezi zikhathi zixhomeke ezimweni zezulu ezindaweni ezikhulayo. Izithombo azidingi ukufaka umanyolo okhethekile ngenxa yamandla ezitshalo. Ukuqoqa izithombo kwenziwa ngesikhathi samaqabunga angama-2-4.

Ukwengeza okuhle ekuvuneni kuzonikezwa ngokufakafaza izitshalo nge-stimulator yokukhula kanye nokwakheka kwezithelo zeVimpel. Ngokwezibuyekezo eziningi ezivela kubalimi, izidingo eziyinhloko zokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo zimi kanje:

1. Susa amaqabunga aphansi ehlathini ukuthuthukisa ukuqhuma komhlaba emigodini.
2. Ukususwa kokhula okuluhlaza.
3. Ukwenza isikhathi sokunisela ngamanzi afudumele, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, ukwakhiwa kwezithelo nokuqala kokuvuthwa kwamatamatisi okuqala.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokutshala izithombo zamatamatisi. Sikunikeza uchungechunge lwezihloko zendlela ongakwenza ngayo lokhu:

• ngokuphazamiseka;
• ezimpandeni ezimbili;
• ezibhebheni ze-peat;
• akukho okukhethiwe;
• kwezobuchwepheshe beShayina;
• emabhodleleni;
• emaphethini e-peat;
• ngaphandle komhlaba.

Izinambuzane nezifo

Enye yezinambuzane eziyimfucumfucu esihlahleni se-tomato iyi-nematode yengulube, ikakhulu lapho ihlalwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa. Izimpande zezihlahla zilimale endaweni yokuqala, khona-ke i-nematode igubha imigodi ngaphakathi kwe-tomato stem, ikhulula izinto ezinobuthi. Ngenxa yezinto ezinobuthi ezimpandeni kanye neziqu, ukukhunjulwa (galls) kubonakala ngaphakathi, lapho izilonda ezintsha ezinambuzane zikhula khona.

Ukuvimbela izifo ezizungeze amantombazane e-tomato batusa ukutshala ugarlic. I-immat ne-gall ye-nematode, futhi iphunga likagalikhi lihlambalaza inkathazo. Umonakalo wezitshalo awukwazi ukulondolozwa.

Kunconywa ukususa izitshalo ezinjalo kanye ne-clod yezimpande. Izwe emagqumeni, lapho kutholakala khona inkathazo, ukucubungula izidakamizwa zokukhipha imishanguzo. Isibonelo "Tiazon" noma "Vidat", ngokuya ekugcineni ukugcinwa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha.