Izinhlobo ezinotamatisi ezincane ezikhula kancane zilula, azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, zingakhula kahle ekhaya ezimbizeni zembali. Izinhlobo "i-Orange Cap" ne "Yellow Cap" zifana nalokho.
Ethuthukiswa abalimi baseRussia, umsunguli yi-Research Institute of Vegetable Growing. Ubhalisiwe kwiRejista Yombuso YaseRussia Federation yokulima endaweni evulekile futhi njengesiko lokubasa ngo-2011.
Esihlokweni sethu uzothola ulwazi oluningi oluwusizo ngalolu tamatisi: izincazelo zezinhlobo, izici zazo kanye nezici ezikhulayo.
Ikhefu eliphuzi ne-Orange: incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
| Igama leBanga | I-Yellow ne-Orange Beanie |
| Incazelo jikelele | Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala ezivuthiwe zika utamatisi |
| Umsunguli | I-Russia |
| Ukuvusa | Izinsuku ezingu-80-90 |
| Ifomu | Nxazonke, ezincane |
| Umbala | I-orange orange |
| Isilinganiso sesisindo somunwe | 30 amagremu |
| Isicelo | Igumbi lokudlela |
| Ukukhiqiza izinhlobo | 1.5-3 kg imitha ngayinye |
| Izici zokukhula | Kubalulekile ukugcina imodi yokuchelela |
| Izifo zokuphikisa | Ukuphikisana nezifo ezinkulu zika utamatisi |
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihluke kuphela embala wezithelo, ngokusho kohlobo lwesihlahla, isimo sesithelo, izinga lokuvuthwa - zifana. Izimila zinqunywa. Isitshalo esinqunyiwe asidingi ukukhula okufakelwayo, zikhula kuze kube nokuphakama okuthile futhi ziqondise wonke amandla ekuthuthukiseni izithelo. Mayelana namamitha ase-indeterminantny funda lapha.
Ngohlobo lwehlathi - okujwayelekile. Isitshalo se-stem ngokuvamile siyingcosana ngobukhulu, i-compact, uhlelo lwempande lungakhiwa kahle. Lesi sitshalo asidingi ukugcoba nokuhlanganisa. I-stem inqabile, inamandla, ayikho ngaphezu kwe-50 cm high, ngokuvamile i-20-30 cm. Inamabhulashi amaningana ohlobo olulula. Uhlelo lwempande lungakhiwa kahle, ngobukhulu obukhulu, lukhula ngezindlela ezahlukene ngaphandle kokujula.
Amaqabunga aphakathi nosayizi obukhulu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhakeni, obunjwayela - uhlobo lwetamatisi, isakhiwo sinamathele, sinomkhuba wokuguquka. Ayikho i-pubescence. I-inflorescence ilula, uhlobo oluphakathi. I-inflorescence yokuqala ibeka phezu kwamaqabunga ama-5 kuya kwangu-6, bese ifika negebe leqabunga elilodwa, ngezinye izikhathi ngaphandle kwegebe.
Suka ngokukhuluma. Izithelo esitshalweni zigcinwa kahle. Ngokwesilinganiso sokuvuthwa, kuyinhlobonhlobo yokuqala, ngemuva kokushukela okuningi kwezinsuku ezingama-80 - 90 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuvuna. Unesilinganiso esiphakeme sokumelana nombhalo wokubhema, i-Alternaria, i-verticillosis, i-Fusarium. Awunayo isikhathi sokuthola ukulimala okuphuzile ngenxa yokuvuthwa okusheshayo.
Okufanelekile ukutshalwa kwe-greenhouse, indawo evulekile ngokugxila (ngaphansi kwefilimu, ku-greenhouse) nokuhlwanyelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo njengendlela yokutshala indlu - ebhaleni noma ewindini. Isivuno esivela esihlahleni esisodwa sanoma yikuphi "ama-Caps" cishe ngo-0.5 kg. Kusuka ku-1 sq.m. Ungathola cishe u-1.5 kg, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube ngu-3 kg. Lapho ukutshala kwasebusika egumbini kungeke kuthwale izithelo ngaphandle kokugqamisa okwengeziwe.
Ungaqhathanisa le nkhomba ngezinye izinhlobo etafuleni elingezansi:
| Igama leBanga | Ukuthela |
| I-Orange ne-Yellow Beanie | 1.5-3 kg imitha ngayinye |
| Isipho sikaGogo | kuze kube ngu-6 kg ngemitha yendawo ngayinye |
| I-ribbed yaseMelika | 5.5 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| De Barao the Giant | 20-22 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| King of the Market | 10-12 kg ngayinye imitha yesikwele |
| I-Kostroma | kuze kube ngu-5 kg ukusuka esihlahleni |
| UMongameli | 7-9 kg imitha ngayinye |
| Uhlala ehlobo | 4 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| Nastya | 10-12 kg ngayinye imitha yesikwele |
| Dubrava | 2 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
| Batyana | 6 kg kusuka esihlahleni |
Funda futhi kwiwebhusayithi yethu: Indlela yokutshala utamatisi oluhlwabusayo ku-greenhouse unyaka wonke? Yiziphi izinhlobo ezinomkhuhlane omkhulu kanye nokuvunwa okuhle?Ungathola kanjani isivuno esihle kakhulu ensimini? Ubuqili bukhula izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zamatamatisi.
Isithombe
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Phakathi kwezinzuzo zalawa utamatisi ngokuvamile kubonakala:
- ukuvuthwa kokuqala;
- izithelo ezinhle;
- izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu;
- ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu.
Izinkinga zihlanganisa:
- isivuno esincane;
- isikhathi esifushane sokugcina;
- ukuthutha okungavumelekile.
Izici
Ukuma kwazo zombili izinhlobo kuyindilinga, ephansi-ribbed. Amasayizi amancane - cishe ngo-3-4 cm ububanzi, isisindo esingama-30 g. Isikhumba sinyene, sinyene, sibushelelezi, sikhanya. Umbala wezithelo ezingavuthiwe uhlaza oluhlaza. Izithelo ezivuthiwe ze-"Orange Hat" unemibala e-orange noma emnyama, kanti "i-Yellow Hat" inombala ophuzi ophuzi nombala ophuzi.
Inyama iyathambile, iyamanzi. Kukhona imbewu encane, ngokulinganayo ihlukaniswe ngamakamelo amabili. Inani lenkinga eyomile lingaphansi kwesilinganiso. Ukugcina akuyona isikhathi eside, indlela efanele izosiza ukulondoloza isitoreji - ukugcina endaweni emnyama ekamelweni lokushisa lokushisa, ngaphandle kokudonsa okungazelelwe (isikhathi esingavumelekile +/- 5 degrees).
Ukuthutha kubi, izithelo ngokushesha zilahlekelwa ukuma kwazo. Ukubuyekezwa kwezimfanelo ukunambitheka kuhle kakhulu, baqaphela iphunga elimnandi kanye ukunambitheka okumnandi utamatisi, elimnandi kunalabo obomvu utamatisi. Iqukethe inani elikhulu lezakhi, hhayi imbangela yokudla. Kungcono ukuyisebenzisa fresh, kodwa emva kokuqandisa noma ukushisa okushisayo utamatisi nakho kuyasiza.
Okufanelekile ukugcina izithelo ezigcwele - isikhumba esinyene ngeke sikwenze ukuthi utamatisi ulahlekelwe ukuma kwawo. Kufanelekile ukukhiqizwa kokunamathiswa komtamatisi wokuqala, i-ketchup, i-sauces nejusi.
Ungaqhathanisa isisindo samatamatisi nabanye etafuleni elingezansi:
| Igama leBanga | Izithelo isisindo |
| I-Orange ne-Yellow Beanie | 30 amagremu |
| Diva | 120 amagremu |
| I-Yamal | 110-115 amagremu |
| I-Golden Fleece | 85-100 amagremu |
| Inhliziyo yegolide | 100-200 amagremu |
| Stolypin | 90-120 amagremu |
| I-jinglejisjibha | 150 amagremu |
| I-Caspar | 80-120 amagremu |
| Ukuqhuma | 120-260 amagremu |
| I-Verlioka | 80-100 amagremu |
| Fatima | 300-400 amagremu |
Izici zokukhula
Kuphikisana nokuqhekeza isithelo esitshalweni. Izithelo ziphazamiseka ngenxa yokushintsha okungazelelwe emswakama ngenxa yokuhluka phakathi kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku. Kubalulekile ukulawula umswakama uma utshala izitshalo. Akufanele kudlule i-60% uma ikhulile.
Ezimweni zokushisa noma izimo zasendlini zingakhula kunoma yisiphi isifunda. Okuhle kunazo zonke ukulima endaweni evulekile yizindawo eziseningizimu.
Ukutshala ama-Caps e-Orange ne-Yellow kufanele kuqale ngokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo. Imbewu kufanele ikhunjulwe nge-sinkini ebuthakathaka ye-potassium permanganate - faka ihora, bese ugeza ngamanzi afudumele. Inhlabathi, uma ingathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile, kumele iphinde ihlaselwe.
Kubalulekile! Umhlabathi wokutshala utamatisi, kufanele ukhethe loamy, ungaba nesihlabathi, u-air-ocebile, nge-asidi ephansi.
Indlela yokuxuba umhlabathi utamatisi ngokuzimela ufunde kulesi sihloko. Futhi nokuthi uhlobo luni lwetamatisi lomhlabathi lukhetha ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nendlela yokulungisa kahle inhlabathi ku-greenhouse ukwenzela ukutshala kwentwasahlobo.
Ukushisa kwenhlabathi ekutshaleni kufanele kube yi-degree engama-25. Imbewu ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli itshalwe esitsheni esikhulu, esingajulile esingaba ngu-2 cm komunye nomunye, ububanzi buka-2 cm. Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe futhi ichithe ngamanzi afudumele. Ukumboza ngento enamandla engavumeli ukuqhuma kwe-polyethylene, iplastiki, ingilazi encane. Umswakama kuleli tangi uzonikeza ukuvuselela imbewu yokuhluma; ukuvuselela ukukhula kungasetshenziswa.
Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela amaningi amboze ukususa. Izithombo ziphuza njengoba kudingeka. Uma amaqabunga amabili enza izinhlobo zezitshalo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukhetho. Ukukhetha - ukutshala izitshalo kumabhodlela ngamanye (300 ml). Kudingeka ukwakheka kwesimiso esinamandla sezimpande. Umanyolo ungangeniswa ezitsheni.
Ukudla ukugqoka kubambe izikhathi ezimbili. Izithombo ezikhandlayo zichitha isonto ngaphambi kokuphuma endaweni ehlala njalo. Uma uhlela ukukhula utamatisi ekhaya, ukuqina akudingekile. Lapho uneminyaka engu-50-55 izithombo zingasetshenziswa kabusha. Njengoba ukhula ngaphandle, unakekele ukugxila okwesikhashana (ifilimu). Esigodini sokushisa noma ukutshala umhlaba ovulekile senziwa kude 50 cm komunye nomunye.
Ukunisela kuyenzeka ngaphansi kwezimpande kakhulu. Ukukhululeka, ukuphumula - njengoba kudingeka. Ukudinga noma ukudala isihlahla akudingeki. Ukubopha akudingekile, isiqu nesandla singakwazi ukumelana kalula nezithelo ezincane. Ukunambitheka uma ukhulile emibhedeni - ngesicelo.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nawo wonke umanyolo wezitamatisi.:
- Imvubelo, i-iodine, umlotha, i-hydrogen peroxide, i-ammonia, i-boric acid.
- I-Organic, i-mineral, i-phosphoric, eyinkimbinkimbi, ilungile.
- Izimpande ezingeziwe, zokutshala, uma ukhetha.
- TOP best.
Indlela yokudonsa utamatisi ongabona kuvidiyo engezansi:
Izifo nezinambuzane
Ngisho nokuphikiswa kwezifo ezethembisiwe, izenzo zokuvimbela (sprayings eziphilayo) ziyadingeka. Sebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile wezenzo ezijwayelekile - ngokumelene nezifo nezinambuzane. Futhi yenza ukuhlanjululwa kwembewu nomhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela ugweme ezinye izifo ngokushesha.
Siyakunakekela lesi sihloko mayelana nezifo eziyinhloko zikatamatisi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nezinyathelo zokulwa nazo. Kanti futhi, yikuphi ukulimala okwesikhashana, indlela yokuvikela izitshalo kuso nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezingahlushwa ukulimala okuphelile.
Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, inkinga enkulu yi-Colorado amazambane ama-viazambane, ama-thrips, ama-aphid, ama-spider nezidakamizwa. Ama-insecticide azosindisa izinambuzane, izindlela ezifakazelwe zizosiza ekulwa namashubhu.
Utamatisi "i-Orange Cap" ne "Yellow Cap" - inketho enkulu yokukhula ekhaya. Izithelo zimbalwa, kodwa zihle kakhulu.
Etafuleni elingezansi uzothola izixhumanisi ezinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi ezinemibandela ehlukene yokuvuthwa:
| Ukukhula kokuqala | Ukuphumula okuphakathi | Ngaphambi kokuqala |
| I-pinky meaty | Ibhanana eliphuzi | I-Pink king F1 |
| Ob domes | I-Titan | Ugogo |
| Nkosi ekuqaleni | I-F1 slot | Ikhadineli |
| Idome elibomvu | I-Goldfish | Isimangaliso saseSiberia |
| Union 8 | Okusajingijolo okumangazayo | Bhala isikhwama |
| I-red icicle | Ibomvu elibomvu | Amabele aseRussia |
| I-Honey Cream | De barao black | Leo Tolstoy |
