Grey ukubola

Izifo nezinambuzane zamakhabe, izinkinga eziyinhloko zokukhula

I-Melon ingase ibe ngaphansi kwehlukile fungal, bacterial kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwezithelo kanye nezithelo zezithelo. Izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ezondla uketshezi kwalesi sitshalo nazo zibangele ukulimala okungaka. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi ngakho kuyadingeka. Namuhla sibheka izifo ezivame kakhulu zezimboni nendlela yokuphatha ngayo, futhi ukhuluma ngezinambuzane zamakhabe kanye nendlela yokulwa nazo.

Izifo ze-melon, izindlela zokwelashwa kwazo

Izifo ze-melon ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nasezindaweni ezivulekile - inani elikhulu. Izimila ezivela kubo zibuna, zinike isivuno esibi, noma zivele zife. Imithombo yokutheleleka yizimbewu, izinsalela zezitshalo, inhlabathi, ukhula. Futhi ukuze kuvikelwe izifo nokukhiqiza ukulahleka, kubalulekile ukuphatha izitshalo ngesikhathi esifanele usebenzisa izindlela ezifanele.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo! Udokotela omkhulu u-Avicenna wasebenzisa ekwelashweni kwemikhuhlane kanye ne-gout kuma-peels akhe ogulayo kanye nembewu ye-melon.

I-Anthracnose

Amaqabunga e-melon ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezimnyama noma ezibomvu ezizungezile, okwathi ngemva kwesikhashana ukwandisa usayizi. Emagqabeni aphethwe, izimbobo zakhiwa, amaqabunga ama-curl asomile. Izitshalo ezibhebhethekile ziba mncane futhi zihlambulukile. Izithelo ezigulayo zikhubazekile futhi zibola ngokushesha.

Ngakho ama-melon awalimazi i-anthracnose, kuyadingeka ukususa izinsalela zezitshalo kusukela emibhedeni ngesikhathi, ukuhambisana nokujikeleza kwezitshalo ezifanele, izitshalo zamanzi ngokulinganisela, ukhulule inhlabathi, uchithe ukutshala kwamakhabe nge-1% bordeaux liquid noma i-pollinate nge-sulfur powder.

Kubalulekile! Lezo zokwelapha zidinga ezintathu kuya ezine, ngezinsuku ezingu-10-12.

Melon ascohitoz

I-Fungal, isifo esiyingozi kunazo zonke ekunqothulweni komsuka wentanyeni ye-melon. Ekuqaleni, kuvela amabala amaningi ngamaphuzu amaningi (pycnidia), okukhula kancane kancane futhi agubungele intamo yonke. Lesi sifo siholela ekunciphiseni kwezitshalo kanye nokunciphisa isivuno.

Lesi sifo singathinta futhi amahlamvu, iziqu nezithelo. Izicubu zezithelo ezithintekile ziba buthaka, zimnyama, bese zoma. I-stem ethintekile iyamnyama futhi iphule. I-fungus ingagcinwa ezitshalweni zezitshalo iminyaka emibili.

Lesi sifo sibangelwa ukungaphezulu kwemvelo nomswakama kanye nokushisa okuphansi. Izindlela zokulawula: ukutshala okutshalwe ekwindla ekwindla, ukushintshwa kwezitshalo ezifanele, ukususwa kwezinsalela zezitshalo, ukuchithwa kwenhlabathi, ukuhlanza izingxenye ezigulayo zesitshalo, ukufaka umquba ngamanyolo we-potash, ukwelapha izitshalo nge-Bordeaux liquid.

Indawo emhlophe (septoriosis)

Lesi yisifo se-fungal lapho amabala amhlophe azungeze khona esitshalweni. Izingxenye eziyinhloko zamachashazi zimnyama ngemva kokuba kuhlanganiswe i-fruiting ye-fungus.

Lesi sifo sithanda isimo sezulu esinomvula. Ukutheleleka kungagcinwa isikhathi eside enhlabathini, kumbewu kanye nasezikhungweni zezitshalo. Izindlela zokulawula: ubheke ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo, uqhube ukulimala phansi komhlaba (25-30 cm), ubhubhise izinsalela zezitshalo, uchithe 1% wemingcele yegazi.

Umsuka wokubola

Abaningi abathintekayo yilesi sifo banciphisa izitshalo ze-melon. Izimpande kanye neziqu zezitshalo ezincane ziba nsundu futhi ekugcineni zilula. Ekugcineni, ama-cotyledons namaqabunga aphela futhi isitshalo sife. Amaqabunga omunyu omdala aphuzi futhi aphelile. Izimpande nengxenye engezansi yeziqu ziba nsundu.

Izindlela zokulawula: ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, ukususwa kokhula, ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo kwenhlabathi, ukuchelela kahle, ukuchithwa kwembewu ngaphambi kokutshala ku-40% ngokomthetho imizuzu emihlanu.

Ikhukhamba kaMose

Lena isifo segciwane lesikhukela. Izimpawu zesifo se-Melon: amabala omzimba ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezitsheni ezincane, amaqabunga asontekile aphefumulayo, ama-tubercles nama-bulges phakathi kwemifino, enikeza amaqabunga ukubonakala okonakala kancane, amaqabunga endala ayafa, izithelo ziwela phansi, izithelo ezivuthayo izitshalo, izitshalo ziyashesha ekukhuleni, ekuqhekekeni ngokusekelwe ezinhlakeni.

Igciwane lingagcinwa ezimpandeni zokhula futhi lihanjiswe kwezinye izitshalo ezihlwanyelwe ze-aphid yomzimba. I-virus yesifo ayifuni ukudluliselwa.

Izindlela zokulawula: ubheke ukujikeleza kwezitshalo, ukufudumala imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ukubhubhisa izitshalo ezigulayo, ukucubungula izikhali kanye nemimese lapho zisika khona izitshalo ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate (5%), susa ukhula, futhi ulwe nama-aphid.

Idonsa likaMealy

Mhlawumbe esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu zezikhumba zezitshalo yi-powdery mildew. Izitshalo namaqabunga ama-melon ahlanganiswe namabala amancane amhlophe (kufika ku-1 cm), kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi angakwazi ukumboza lonke ipuleti leqabunga. Amaqabunga abe ngombala obomvu, abe yi-brittle, curl futhi omile.

Izindlela zokulawula: ukubhujiswa ngesikhathi esifanele kuzo zonke izinsalela zezitshalo kanye nokhula, ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo ezifanele kanye nokucubungula kokutshala kwamakhabe nge 80% sulfur powder ekuqaleni kwesifo (nge 100 sqm m 400 g) ngezinsuku eziyishumi, kanti ukwelashwa kokugcina kwenziwa izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna .

I-Downy isikhutha (i-perinospora)

Lesi yisifo se-fungal of melon, esivame ukuthinta amahlamvu esitshalo ekuqaleni. Kubonakala sengathi izindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okwenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zande kakhulu usayizi. Ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga, kumswakama ophezulu, idiphozi e-grey-violet (ukuvuthwa kwe-fungus) kwakha.

Ukuqapha: Ukunqothuka kwembewu ye-melon ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, zifudumise ematheni ngamanzi (ama-45 degrees) amahora amabili. Ungaphinde ukhethe ukwelashwa kwembewu ngesisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate, ubafaka esixazululweni imizuzu engamashumi amabili.

Ukutshala nge-melon ezithintekayo kungafafazwa isixazululo se-urea (1 litre yamanzi 1 g), 1% ingxube yeBordeaux (1 l ngayinye i-10 sq. m.) Izitshalo ziphathwa nge-Topaz ne-Oxy ngezinsuku eziyishumi.

Isibungu esibi

Lesi sifo sesifubane esithandayo umswakama nesimo sezulu esibanda. Ama-ovaries amancane ama-melon abe ngamanzi, ahlanganiswe ngokushesha ne-sclerotia emnyama ye-fungus kanye nesibumba.

I-fungus ihlala emhlabathini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2. Lesi sifo siphuthuma kakhulu ekushiseni kuka-15 ° C. Uma sekufudumala ngaphandle, lesi sifo sinciphisa.

Ukuqapha: ukhula ngokucophelela, uhlole futhi ususe izitshalo neziqabunga ezinegciwane, uchithe izitshalo emva kokususa zonke iziqu ezigulayo, amaqabunga nezithelo.

Sula ngesixazululo esilandelayo: ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi 1 g we-zinc sulfate, 10 g we-urea, 2 g we-sulfate yethusi.

I-Fusarium wilt

Isifo se-fungal, esithinta izinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo eziphuzile zokuncibilika kwamakhabe, ukunciphisa isivuno nokuhlaziya izinga lezithelo. Iziguli ezinezithelo ezinamathele ezincibilikisiwe ziyishukela elincane, ezingenasisindo ezinomsoco futhi ezimnandi futhi zigcinwe kahle.

Lesi sifo sibonakala ngemuva kwamaqabunga amabili noma amathathu weqiniso avela ezitshalweni, kanye nalapho izithelo zivuthwa. Izimila ziphela ngokushesha, futhi amaqabunga alula futhi ahlanganiswe nezindawo ezimpunga. Izitshalo ezigulayo zifa ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10.

Ukuqapha: uhambisane nemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo, ususe izitshalo zokutshala izitshalo, ukhula, izitshalo ezithathelwanayo, izitshalo ezanele amanzi, ukumba umhlabathi ekwindla, ukubulala amagciwane ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kwisisombululo se-40% se-formalin imizuzu emihlanu, ukhule amakhabe emibhedeni ephakeme, uwafake ngekhambi le-potassium chloride .

Kuyathakazelisa AmaGibhithe asendulo ayehlanganyela ekutshalweni kwamakhandlela ngo-2000 BC. I-Melon ibhekwa njengophawu lokuphila, ukuzala nokunethezeka.

Izinambuzane zamakhabe, indlela yokubhekana nazo

Kungalimazi kakhulu kunesifo, amakhabe alethe izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene. Kubalulekile ukuwachitha ngesikhathi esifanele.

I-Aphid emnandi

Kuyinto inambuzane esondayo of umbala oluhlaza, ophuzi noma omnyama. I-aphid enamahlombe ingaveza cishe izizukulwane ezingamashumi amabili izimpungushe eziphilayo.

Lezi zinambuzane ezinamakhabe zihlala ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga, zinyakalala phezu kwendawo yonke futhi zisuse ijusi kusuka emaqabunga. Izimila ezithinteka yi-melon ziphenduka ophuzi, zinyuka futhi zomile. Ukugcina i-aphid ibe mncane ngangokunokwenzeka, hlambulula i-melon ngokhula ngesikhathi.

I-melon fly

Lesi yisitha esiyinhloko samasimu omquba. Kungathinta kuze kufinyelele ku-50% nangaphezulu kwesitshalo. Izimpukane ze-melon zisinda ebusika, zibe sesiteji sesibungu, ngamasentimitha angama-15 ubude.

Izimpukane zokuqala ze-melon zivela ekuqaleni kuka-June. Izimpukane zibeka amaqanda enyameni yesithelo, futhi ngaphakathi kwe-melon ifomu lezibungu, ezihlunga inyama. Ngenxa yalokho, izithelo zibola ngokushesha.

Kubalulekile! Ungathola izithelo ezithathelwanayo ngezimbobo esikhunjeni se-melon, enemibala emnyama.
Namuhla, azikho izinhlobo ezinamaphiko ezinamakhabe ezindizazi. Ukuze uvimbele Izitshalo ze-Melon zingelashwa nge-"Rapier" isisombululo (amalitha amabili esisombululo ngehektha ngalinye) noma "iZenith" (250 ml).

Izitshalo zifakwe kabili ngesizini ngasinye: ngesikhathi kuvela amaqabunga okuqala nesikhathi sokukhipha. Lezi zidakamizwa nazo kufanelekile ekubhujisweni kwezinambuzane ezikhona. Ukubhubhisa izibungu emva kokuqoqa amakhabe avuthiwe, zonke izithelo ezingavuthiwe zilima kanye nenhlabathi.

Isibungu se-spider

Lezi zinambuzane ezincane kodwa eziyingozi kakhulu. Ukuluhlaza okuphuzi noma okwesibhakabhaka ehlobo futhi obomvu noma obomvu okwesibhakabhaka ekwindla Izibungu zesicabucabu eziqhamuka emhlabathini ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile, emaqabeni nokhula.

Izidakamizwa zihlala ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga, emahlumela, ama-ovari namahlumela amancane. Bancoma ijusi esitshalweni, emva kwalokho izingxenye zesitshalo ziphuzi noma zibomvu, bese kuthi lesi sitshalo sifa.

Lwela izibungu zesicabucabu ngale ndlela elandelayo: ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu, inhlabathi inhlabathi ne-bleach, lapho amaqabunga okuqala eqiniso evela emahlumela, afafaze nge-BI-58 noma i-Fitoverm, ukuqoqa nokubhubhisa izinsalela zezitshalo, ukwenza ukulima kwekwindla, izitshalo ezihlukile nokubhubhisa ukhula.

I-wireworm

Ukutshala kwama-melon kungenziwa ukuhlaselwa yi-real (izibungu zokuchofoza amabhungane) futhi ezingenangqondo (amacimbi ezinambuzane ezibomvu) ezifake izingxenyana ezingaphansi komhlaba, ngokulandelana, izitshalo ezincane ziyafa. Kubalulekile ukususa ngokushesha izinsalela zezitshalo kanye nokhula, ngoba kuzo zonke izimbongolo ze-wireworms eziqoqiwe.

Gnawing scoops

Amapulangwe amathangi angaphila enhlabathini noma kuwo. Zilimaza iziqu zamakhabe, okuvame ukuholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.

Ukulwa nezikole, uzodinga ukususa ukhula nezinsila zezitshalo, ukumbela inhlabathi ejulile ekwindla, ukuhambisana nemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo, futhi futhi usebenzise i-Arrivo yezidakamizwa, ezibhubhisa isisindo sokugqekeza, ukupuniza izitshalo izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili.

Uyazi? I-Melon yaseJapane inikeza njengesipho esibizayo.

Ukuze uthole isivuno esivulekile futhi esinempilo yamakhabe, kubalulekile ukuqeda izifo zabo ngendlela efike ngesikhathi futhi ubhubhise izinambuzane.