I-Levkoy - ukutshala nokunakekela endaweni evulekile

I-Levkoy - imbali enamacembe aqhakazile azogcwalisa ingadi ngephunga. Abalimi abaningi bezimbali baphupha ukuyikhulisa endaweni yabo engaphansi komhlaba.

UMattiola (kwesobunxele) yisitshalo esiqhakaza emndenini weCrccerous (Brassica, Brassicaceae). Sihlahla esincane esiphakeme ngamamitha ayi-100. Amagatsha aqondile ambozwe ngamahlamvu. Phansi ngezansi, eduze nezimpande, ayenza lukhuni futhi abe lukhuni. Lesi sitshalo sinamaqabunga amade we-hue eluhlaza egcwele. Imiphetho yazo ingaba bushelelezi noma ijijeke. Izimbali ezinhle kakhulu zesimo esingajwayelekile ziqukethe amacembe ama-4. Umbala wazo uhluke ngokumangalisayo: Izimbali zeLevkoy zingaba mhlophe, ziphuzi, zibomvu, zibubende, ziblowu, zinsundu, zipinki, njll.

Ama-Mattiola aqhakaza kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobonhlobo ze-levkoy zombili zonyaka futhi zisetshenziswa. Imibhalo ejwayelekile kakhulu yizo zonke izinhlobo zehlobo levkoy. I-perennial Mattiola imelelwa izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene: amakha, ubusika, izinwele ezimpunga, njll.

I-Levkoy, matthiola, i-violet yasebusuku

Igama elithi "kwesokunxele" ekuhunyushweni lisuselwa kwelesiGrikhi lasendulo lisho "i-white violet" Igama lesayensi lale mbali lalihlonipha udokotela wase-Italy nodokotela wezitshalo uPietro Mattioli. Lesi sitshalo sibizwa nangokuthi "ebusuku violet."

I-Levkoy elimnandi

Izinhlobo ezithandwayo nezinhlobonhlobo

Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-400 ze-matthiol ziyaziwa. Ziyahlukahluka ngombala wamaphalishi, ukwakheka kwamaqabunga, ubude bezimbali nezinye izimpawu.

Incazelo yezinhlobo nezinhlobo:

• Izinwele ezinochoko lwesobunxele (uMatthiola incana) - zinesiqu esingu-20-50 cm ukuphakama, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala izitshalo eziphakeme ngamasentimitha angama-80. Amaqabunga anemibala eluhlaza okotshani akhula afinyelela ku-5-18 cm ubude nangu-1-4,5 cm ububanzi. Isiqu namaqabunga ambozwe nge-fluff. Izimbali ziphindwe kabili noma zilula. Aqoqwe kuma-inflorescence ezingcezu eziyi-10-60 lilinye. Imbali ngayinye inamathuna ama-4 (1-1.2 cm ubude), amacembe ama-4 (ubude obu-2 cm no-1-1,5 cm ububanzi), ama-stamens ayi-6 ne-pestle. Umbala we-petals ungaba lilac, pink, mhlophe, ubomvu, onsomi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezaziwa kabanzi "Bush" zinezinwele ezisesandleni sobunxele.
• Iphunga iLevkoy - inhlobo eyivelakancane ebhalwe kwi-Red Book. Lesi sitshalo se-perennial ukuphakama okungama-20-50 cm, embozwe ngefluff emhlophe emhlophe. Inamacembe aphuzi noma ansundu ubude obungu-2-2,5 cm. Amaqabunga akhiwe eduze nezimpande.
• I-Autumn Levka - ilungele ukutshala endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile. Itshalwe ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, futhi iqhakaza kuphela ekupheleni kwehlobo kanye nokuqhakaza kuze kube yiqhwa.
• Ubusika - kuyinto efiselekayo ukuyikhulisa ezimbizeni zangaphakathi. Imbewu kufanele ihlwanyelwe maphakathi nehlobo, khona-ke izoqala ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo. Lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele, ungasifaka endaweni evulekile.
• UMattiola bicorn, onamaphiko amade wesineke (uMatthiola longipetala) - udume ngephunga lawo eliqine kakhulu. Inesiqu esiqondile esimbozwe ngamaqabunga nezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe, eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezikhanyayo.
• Okunhlobonhlobo iThumbelina - isihlahla esincane esincane esinobude obungama-35 cm simbozwe izimbali ezingama-terry ezinemibala egqamile ehlukahlukene.
• Ihlobo - lilungele ukulinyelwa kwangaphandle. Kungatshalwa entwasahlobo, kuzoqhakaza ehlobo lonke.

Ukubukeka kwe-levkoy grey-izinwele (matthiola incana)

Futhi, i-Levka yasehlobo ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana:

1. I-Bouquet - ama-inflorescence atholakala ezingeni elifanayo futhi akha isixhaxha sezimbali ezinde eziwugqinsi nobubanzi obungu-3.5 cm.
2. I-Gigantic - isihlahla esibanzi se-pyramidal, esimbozwe ngamaqabunga aminyene nezimbali ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili.
3. I-single-stemmed - isitshalo esiqondile esinohlangothi olulodwa olungamasentimitha angama-80. Amaqabunga awo esesimweni se-rhombus angaba nemiphetho ye-wavy. Izimbali ezinobubanzi bokuqhakaza okungama-6 cm ngoJuni inyanga.
4. I-Pyramidal - izihlahla ezinkulu ezinamagatsha amakhulu, ezifanayo ngesimo sephiramidi. Phakathi kwazo, imidondoshiya emincane, emide futhi emide enezimbali ezinkulu ihlukaniswa. Zonke zikhula izimbali eziqhakazile.
5. I-Quedlinburg - izinhlobo ezingama-terry ezinamahlamvu aluhlaza okhanyayo. Phakathi kwazo, kunezinhlobo ezinde futhi ezimfishane, ezinamaqabunga nezinamaqabunga angaqhakaza ekuqaleni kwehlobo noma ekwindla.
6. I-Erfurt (emfishane-ihlumela) - izihlahla zimbozwe ngamaqabunga futhi zihlotshiswe kakhulu. Izimbali ezincane kodwa eziningi ziyajabulisa ngokuqhakaza kwazo kusuka kuJulayi kuya kuSeptemba.
7. Umuthi omkhulu omkhulu ogeleza ngezimbali - isiqu siqala ukuvela sisuka maphakathi. Isitshalo sifinyelela kumitha eyi-1 ukuphakama. Izimbali eziminyene ezinobukhulu be-6 cm eziqhakaza ezinyangeni ezimbili zasehlobo.
8. Ukusabalalisa - isihlahla esibanzi esinamagatsha aqhakazayo sikhula size sifinyelele ku-40-60 cm ukuphakama. Phakathi kwazo, kunezinhlobo zokulungisa, ezisetshenziselwa ukuhamba kwezimbali ezinkulu neziningi.

UMattiola i-bicorn

Ukutshala imbewu

Umhlobiso omnandi wensimu uzoba imbali enhle nenephunga elimnandi, njengesiyinxele. Ukutshala nokunakekela kuzodinga umthwalo wemfanelo nokunakwa kusuka kumtshali.

Umsebenzi omningi, isikhathi nomzamo kuzodingeka ukukhulisa iLevka. Ukukhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kungumsebenzi odabukisayo, yingakho bangaguquki kule ndlela yokuzala.

Ukutshala nini futhi kanjani

Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela izinsuku zokugcina zikaMashi noma ukuqala kuka-Ephreli. Ukulima ku-greenhouse, imbewu yesobunxele yasehlobo kwesobunxele ngoJanuwari. Izinhlobo ze-Autumn zingatshalwa ngoJulayi noma ngo-Agasti.

Ukuhlwanyela:

1. Cwilisa imbewu ngayinye emanzini amahora angama-24.
2. Songa imbewu ngo-gauze omanzi futhi esiqandisini izinsuku ezingama-2-3.
3. Lungisa inhlabathi ngebhokisi: hlanganisa izingxenye ezintathu zomhlaba omfushane nengxenye yesihlabathi. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, umhlaba uyaniselwa.
4. Yenza i-groove emhlabathini u-50 mm ukujula, hlwanyela imbewu bese uyifafaza nge-substrate.
5. Mboza ibhokisi ngentambo yepulasitiki bese uyibeka endaweni enomthunzi lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa njalo ku-20-22 -22 ngaphezulu kwe-zero.
6. Imbewu ingahluma ngezinsuku ezingama-5-16.

• amabhodwe amafushane namancanyana;
• imbewu ihlelwe ngemigqa emi-2 epanini;
• Izihlahla ezibuthakathaka ezibuthakathaka.

UThumbelina njengomhlobiso wensimu

Ukunakekela izithombo

Ngemuva kokuba amahlumela ehlume, ayavulwa ngokususa indawo yokukhosela abeke ibhokisi efasiteleni ukuze isitshalo sikhanye. Izithombo zingagcinwa emazingeni okushisa ayi-10-12 ℃ ngaphezulu kwe-zero.

2 izinsuku ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, ayaniselwa. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukulinda ezinye izinsuku eziyi-10-12 kuze kube yilapho izithombo ziqina. Ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukwenza ukukhetha: ihlumela ngalinye lidluliselwa ebhodweni elincane elihlukile. Umgodi wokukhipha kumele wenziwe ezansi ethangi lokukhetha. Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi ithululelwa lapho. Kuzothatha izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba onamaqabunga, izingxenye ezi-2 zomhlaba omfushane nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi. Ukuqinisa izimpande zezinxele ezisencane kwesokunxele, kufanele kufakwe i-hydrogel enhlabathini. Izithombo zezinhlobo sekwephuzile kwe-matthiol zitshalwa ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile.

Lapho ihlumela ngalinye likhula amaqabunga amabili esitshalo, kuyadingeka ukondla. Ukuze uthole lokhu, kulungiswa isixazululo: I-0,3 g ye-boric acid, i-0,3 g ye-sulfate yethusi, i-0,1 g ye-manganese sulfate ne-0,1 g ye-zinc sulfate iyachithwa kwilitha elilodwa lamanzi.

Igolide elimsulwa

Ukufakelwa

Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, abantu abangakwesokunxele batshalwa. Ukutshala nokunakekela kwangaphandle kuzothatha isikhathi. Kungcono ukutshala izithombo kusihlwa noma ngosuku olunamafu, ngoba ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanya kungayishisa.

Udinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyayo lapho umswakama ungagudli khona. I-Soil acidity (pH) kufanele ingathathi hlangothi noma i-alkali kancane. ISoddy loamy noma inhlabathi enenhlabathi eyisisekelo ye-loamy ilungile.

Awukwazi ukutshala nge-levok kulezo zindawo lapho ezinye izitshalo ezivela emndenini weKlabishi zazikhula khona, ngoba zingahlaselwa ukhethu olubethelekayo.

Kuyadingeka ukunisela inhlabathi ngesixazululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate kanye nomuthi "Khom" ukuze uvikele isitshalo. Ngemuva kwalokho lungiselela imithombo enobukhulu obungu-5-10 cm kude ne-15-30 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Lezi izimbobo zithululelwa ngamanzi, izithombo zitshalwe kuzo, izimpande zimbozwe umhlaba futhi zahlanganiswa zaqina.

Ukunisela nokukhulula inhlabathi

UMattiola uzwela kakhulu kunoma yiluphi ushintsho kumswakama womhlaba. Lesi sitshalo kunzima ukubekezelela kokubili isomiso nokuqina komswakama. Kuyadingeka ukunisela njalo imbali ekuseni ngaphansi kwempande ngenani elincane lamanzi.

ILevkoy imvamisa ibekwa embhedeni wezimbali

Izindlela zokuzala

UMattiola ukhiqizwa kuphela ngembewu. Kuthengwa esitolo noma kuvunwa ezithelo ezivuthiwe. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, i-levka ithela izithelo - pods ezincane ezigcwele imbewu. Le mbewu ingaqoqwa futhi ilungiselelwe ukutshala ngonyaka olandelayo. Izinhlobo ze-levkoy ze-levkoy, njengomthetho, zingatheli izithelo. Kepha izimbali ezinjalo zivame ukukhula kumbewu eshiywe yizitshalo ezibuthakathaka.

Ukondla nokudlulisa

Entwasahlobo, uMattiola usuthiswa ngomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamaminerali. Njengokugqoka okuphezulu, umlotha ulungele kahle. Lapho izimbali ezinesandla sokunxele, kudingeka zondliwe ngomanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus.

Ukufakelwa kuphela okudingeka kwenziwe ukutshala izithombo endaweni evulekile.

Ukwakheka ekwakhiweni komhlaba

Izinambuzane nezifo

ILevkoy isitshalo esiqinile, esiqinile, kepha futhi idinga ukuvikeleka ezifweni eziyingozi nezinambuzane ezinambuzane.

Izingozi:

• I-Cruciferous flea iyisilokazane esisongela uMattiola. Kuyadingeka ukwelapha ngesixazululo somlotha ongakwesokunxele amahlandla amathathu ngekhefu lezinsuku ezingama-4-5 phakathi kokufafaza ngakunye. Ngenqwaba yezinambuzane, imbali iphathwa ngama-insecticides.
• Umlenze omnyama yisifo esingalapheki esithinta izimpande nengxenye ephansi yesiqu. Ngokuvimbela, ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi iyaniselwa ngokulungiswa kweKhaya.

Ngesinye isikhathi, abatshali bezimbali bahlangabezana nenkinga lapho kunezimbali ezimbalwa ezishiywe ngakwesobunxele futhi zonke zibuthakathaka kakhulu. Lapho-ke kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi kungani kungaqhakaza nangakwesobunxele. Lokhu kuyaqabukela kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, isizathu siwumhlabathi ompofu, ongenawo umanyolo.

Ungazilungiselela kanjani ubusika

Esimweni sezulu esibandayo sasenyakatho, i-levkoy yonyaka ivame ukukhula kakhulu. Ekwindla, lesi sitshalo sisuswa emhlabathini kanye nempande bese siphonswa kude. Bamba indawo yokukhula. Izimbali ze-perennial zidluliselwa kubha noma ebhodweni bese uzifaka egumbini.

I-Levka yasebusika

Isikhathi sezimbali nokunakekelwa ngemuva

I-Levkoy blooms izinyanga eziyi-1-2. Uma utshala izinhlobo eziningana zokuqala, eziphakathi nendawo kanye nezikhathi sekwephuzile ngasikhathi sinye, ungakujabulela ukuqhakaza izimbali nephunga kulo lonke ihlobo nengxenye yokuqala yekwindla. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kufanelekile ukondla ngomanyolo ongakwesobunxele, oqukethe i-phosphorus eningi ne-calcium.

NgoSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba, ama-Mattiola pods aba nsundu. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu iyaqoqwa. Isitshalo sisuswa emhlabathini kanye nempande bese sibekwa ukuze ome. Ngemuva kwalokho imbewu iyanyakaziswa kusuka kumidumba owomile.

Isikimu sombala we-petals sehlukile

Sebenzisa ekwakhiweni komhlaba

I-Levkoi - izimbali zinhle futhi zikhanya. Zingatshalwa ngawodwana noma zenze izingoma ezivela kuzo. Uzobukeka emuhle ngezimbali zezimbali ezinde, ezilengisweni zezimbali, emibhedeni yezimbali, emibhedeni yezimbali. I-Levkoi ingahlobisa ithala, i-balcony, i-gazebo, iphalishi ngisho nogu lwechibi.

Ukuhlobisa ingadi

ILevkoy iyimbali enhle eyogcwalisa ingadi ngephunga elihle. Abalimi be-Amateur baqinisekile ngakwesobunxele, ngoba izimbali zisetshenziswa njalo zihlala zizithethelela ngokuqhakaza izimbali ezinde. Kulula ukutshala matthiola zisetshenziswa endlini ekhethekile ehlobo. Imibhalo yonyaka kanye nobusika be-biennials zigcinwa ezimbizeni zangaphakathi nasezimbizeni zezimbali.