Indlela yokuhlela ukutshala i-turnip: isikhathi sokuhlwanyela, ukhetho oluhlukahlukene, izintengo zembewu, ukungena emhlabathini ovulekile nasendaweni yokugcina izithombo

Umnikazi wezinzuzo eziningi - i-turnip ithatha indawo ebaluleke kakhulu etafuleni lethu lesidlo sakusihlwa.

Kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kweziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha, izakhiwo zalo eziwusizo, isivuno esikhulu kanye nokungazethembi kwaziwa emhlabeni.

Kodwa ingabe lokho kulula ngempela ukukhula isithelo esikhulu, esiphundu negolide? Ake sibone.

Lesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi sokuhlwanyela esihle, indlela yokukhetha imbewu efanele futhi utshale imifino.

Izinsuku zokutshala

I-turnip ibhekisela ezitshalweni zokuvuthwa zakuqala. Inkathi ephakathi kokuhlwanyela imbewu kuze kube semhlabathini kuze kube nokwakheka kwezithelo yizinsuku ezingama-60-70, ukuze ukwazi ukuyikhula izikhathi eziningana ngenkathi ngayinye. Ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile etafuleni lehlobo, ungasitshala kakade ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi liyi-2 ° C ... + 3 ° C. Uma izimpande zenzelwe isitoreji sesikhathi eside sasebusika, imbewu ingcono ukuhlwanyela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.

Usizo! Kubalulekile ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwamazwi athi "hlwayila" futhi "sitshale." Hlwanyela uhlwanyele imbewu namabele, kodwa izitshalo ezingashadile zitshalwe, isibonelo, izitshalo zezihlahla nezihlahla.

Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene

Izinhlobo ze-Turnip zihlukaniswe ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwesikhathi.

Ekuqaleni

Izithelo zinesikhumba esincane futhi akufanelekele isitoreji sasebusika.

Lezi zihlanganisa:

• Geisha (ukunambitha nesimo esifana ne-daikon);

• Ibhola legolide (isithelo sinomusa omuhle kakhulu futhi sinomkhiqizo ophezulu);

• i-turnip purple (okusajingijolo-pink, ngesipu esimhlophe, esilinganisa 100-150 gr.) nezinye.

Lezi zinhlobo zikhiqiza isitshalo ezinsukwini ezingama-40-45 ezirekhodiwe futhi zithandwa kakhulu.

Ukuhamba kwesikhathi

Izinhlobo ezifana:

• I-Comet (esilinganisa amagremu angu-90-120, ukubekezelela kahle izimo zokugcina emiphongolweni);
• Inyanga (izithelo ezizungezile, eziphuzi neziyingozi);
• I-turnips kaPeter, ejwayelekile eRussia, ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuhluma nokulula.

Lezi zinhlobo zivuthwe futhi zilungele ukuhlangana ezinsukwini ezingu-60-80, ziyakwazi ukumelana nokubandayo futhi zisinde kalula ngesikhathi sebusika.

Amanani okutshala eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg

Amanani wembewu yemifino, kufaka phakathi i-turnips, iningi lentando yeningi. Kunezilimi ezintathu ezinkulu ezikhiqiza imbewu eMoscow: U-Aelita agrofirm, uGavrish noJasenevo Garden Center batusa ukuthenga imbewu kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-15 ruble ipakethe ngayinye. Futhi ama-wholesale oda angatholakala ngenani lama-ruble angu-4. Inkampani yaseSt. Petersburg "Garden" inikeza imbewu ngentengo ye-rubriki engu-10-13. Lezi zindleko zihlala zijwayelekile ezweni lonke.

Yini engatshalwa embhedeni owodwa noma emva kwalokho?

Ukhukhamba, izaqathe, utamatisi, ummbila, izithelo zommbila, noma amazambane kungaba izibikezelo ezinhle ze-turnips engadini.

Musa ukutshala i-turnip engadini emva kwe-cruciferous (iklabishi, isithombo, isithombo), njengoba zithatha amaminerali afanayo emhlabathini kanti isivuno sizoba sibi nakakhulu.

I-turnip izokhula ibe mkhulu futhi ihlanzekile uma omakhelwane bayo engadini ba:

• i-legumes;
• i-watercress;
• isilimo esinamafutha;
• isipinashi

Kodwa ungalihlwanyeli eceleni kweklabishi: lezi ziko zinezifo ezivamile. Emva kokuvuna i-turnips, i-radishes noma i-radishes, vumela ukuphumula kwensimu futhi utshale izitshalo ezilula, ezingenakuzithoba, ezifana no-anyanisi noma i-garlic. Njengoba wenze iziqu zomquba eziphilayo, ngonyaka ozayo ungatshala utamatisi noma uphepele omuhle ngaphansi kwesembozo sefilimu.

Ukukhula: indlela yokutshala imifino?

Indlela yokutshala ezweni elivulekile?

• Inventory for imbewu yokutshala.

  Imbewu yokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile iyasiza ukusebenzisa:

  1. ihlumela (ukulima kokuqala komhlaba);
  2. (ukukhulula umhlaba nokukhipha amatshe);
  3. umaka noma unamathela ububanzi obuncane (ukudweba embhedeni wamaningana ngisho nemigqa);
  4. ibhodlela elinomgodi maphakathi nekhanda lokutshala okufanako kwembewu emhlabathini;
  5. isandla sokwenza ngesandla;
  6. ukuphuza kungaba

• Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala.
  1. I-Land for turnips yokutshala kumele ilungiselelwe ekwindla: bamba inhlabathi bese usebenzisa umanyolo ophilayo.
  2. Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, ukukhululeka okujulile kwenziwa futhi enye ingxenye yomquba iqaliswa.
  3. I-Superphosphate ne-potassium chloride yanezelwa. Uma ufisa, ufafaza umbhede wezinkuni umlotha ukugwema i-asidi ngokweqile yenhlabathi.
  4. Ukusebenzisa uphawu noma induku ejwayelekile, yenza izindawo eziningana 1.5-2 cm ejulile, zihlise futhi zihlwanyele imbewu emithonjeni ephumela.

• Ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala.

  Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu emhlabathini kumele kulungiselelwe ukuhlwanyela. Le nqubo ihilela izigaba eziningana:

  1. Ukulinganisa. Susa zonke imbewu ezimele noma ezingenalutho. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa isihlungi esikhethiwe ngokukhethekile.
  2. Imbewu ihamba. Izifo eziningi zezitshalo zidluliselwa ngembewu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba zifake amagciwane ngamagciwane. Izinto zokutshala zingabalwa elangeni ngezinsuku ezingu-2-3, kodwa-ke, indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokucwiliswa kwe-disinfection ukugoqa imbewu kwisisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-20-30, kulandelwa ukugeza okugcwele ngamanzi asebenzayo.
• Uhlelo lokufika.

  Imbewu yokuguqula ingcono kakhulu etshalwe ngesilinganiso se-1 gramu kumitha², ekujuleni kwe-groove ka-1.5-2 cm noma ukuhlwanyela imbewu ka-2-3 ngempumelelo, izithombo ezincane zihamba phambili.

• Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo.

  Ukunakekela isitshalo lapho ukufika entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile akulula. Ngosuku lwama-4-7 emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu, amahlumela okuqala avela futhi kusukela kulokhu iphuzu kanye noma kabili ngesonto, ukucwiliswa kuyadingeka, kusale amahlumela anamandla kakhulu futhi asebenzayo kuze kufike ama-3 amashidi. Ibanga phakathi kwamahlumela ngalesi sikhathi kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-6-10 cm.

  Ngaphambi kokucwiliswa kokuqala, kunconywa ukuphatha umhlabathi ngomlotha noma uthuli othuza ugwayi ukuze uvikele emelene ne-cruciferous flea engabhubhisa izitshalo. Isici esibalulekile sokutshala izithelo ezinkulu ukukhishwa kwenhlabathi. Ngalesi sizathu, ukukhululwa kwemikhawulo emigqeni ephakathi kwe-3-5 cm kuqhutshwa. Kanye nokukhululeka, ukhula lwe-weeding luyakwenziwa, nokususa ukhula kusuka ekutshalweni.

  I-Turnip iyisitshalo esithandayo esithandayo nesomswakama, futhi ngokufanele, sidinga ukuchelela okwanele. Uma inhlabathi ingatholi umswakama ngendlela yemvula, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe ngesandla, ngokusebenzisa amanzi okuphuza kanye nesilinganiso sama-30 amalitha amanzi ngalunye 1 m². Inhlabathi eyomile ingaba kakhulu kakhulu izinga lezitshalo: izithelo zizobe ziyingcosana ngobukhulu futhi zibuhlungu ekunambithekeni.

  Ngakho-ke, ukuchelela izithombo kuyadingeka kathathu ngesonto. Izikhathi ezingu-2-3 zesikhathi sonke sokuvuthwa enhlabathini kubuye kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-fertilizer amaminerali, ukuwafafaza ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwesitshalo ngasinye. Kodwa uma izwe "licebile" futhi livundile, lokhu akudingekile.

  Ephaketheni enezinhlamvu, imigomo yesithelo sokuvuthwa ivame ukubhalwa ngezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Kubalulekile ukutadisha lolu lwazi futhi ungavumeli i-turnips evuthiwe kakade ukuba ilale isikhathi eside emhlabathini, ngaphandle kwalokho inyama iyoba yincwajana encane futhi isikhumba sizoba nzima. Etshalwe ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, i-turnips phakathi nehlobo izojabulisa ithebula.

Uzovala nini futhi kanjani ukuvala ngaphakathi kwe-mini-greenhouse noma ku-greenhouse?

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kokutshala kwe-turnip ezindlini zokugcina izithombo noma zokugcina izithombo ekukhuleni emhlabathini ovulekile ukhona ezinsukwini zokuhlwanyela. Hlwanyela imbewu ku-greenhouse kungaba ekuqaleni kuka-Mashi, endaweni yokushisa - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ukuqapha okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe ekukhetheni kokushisa okushisa noma ukushisa okwenzela ukushisa okunikeza ukutholakala okwanele kwelanga futhi lapho kusetshenzwa khona izitshalo ezizenzekelayo noma ezenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Ekhaya

Ake sihlole indlela yokutshala i-turnip nokunakekela isitshalo ekhaya.

• Inventory for imbewu yokutshala.

  Ukutshala imbewu ye-turnip ekhaya kuyadingeka:

  1. ukuhlwanyela amabhokisi (ubude 8-10 cm);
  2. ifilimu ukumboza inhlabathi kuze kufike ukuhluma;
  3. isibani sokukhanyisa (lapho kuhlwanyela imbewu ngaphambi kukaFebhuwari);
  4. shaya noma enye idivayisi ukuze ukhulule inhlabathi.

• Ukulungiselela inhlabathi yokutshala.

  Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-turnip ekhaya, inhlabathi yensimu nomfula isihlabathi kuthathwa isilinganiso se-2: 1. Ku 6 kg. ingxube elandelayo ihlanganisa ingilazi yezinkuni kanye no-20 g we-nitroammofoski futhi ihlanganise zonke izingxenye.

• Ukulungiselela imbewu yokutshala.

  Ngaphambi kokutshala, imbewu iyalinganiswa besebenzisa indlela echazwe ngenhla futhi ichithelwa imithi ngokushisa emanzini ashisayo. Imbewu elungiselelwe ixubene nesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 3.

• Uhlelo lokufika.

  Ekhaya, i-turnips ihlwanyelwa emabhokisini ngokuphakama kuka 8-10 cm emigqeni, cishe u-5 cm ngamunye, kuya ku-1.5-2 cm.

• Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo.
  Ekhaya, i-turnips ihlwanyelwe ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezinto eziphilayo ezicebile amavithamini, kodwa uma izimo zivumela futhi isikhala esanele sokutshala, kungenzeka ukuthola izithelo.

  Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ekupheleni kukaFebruwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi emhlabathini owakhiwe ngaphambilini ngokusho kwesimiso sokutshala esicacisiwe. Emva kokuhlwanyela, kutuswa ukumboza amabhokisi ngefilimu kuze kufike ukuhluma kokuqala kwezithombo. Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele amaqabunga amathathu ezitshalweni, amahlumela ahlanjululwa kabili, ashiya amahlumela aqinile kunazo zonke.

  Ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo lingama-5-6 cm. Kungcono ukumanzisa inhlabathi ngamanzi ahlanzekile afudumele, ungakhohlwa ukuhlanza imifino. Ngokunakekelwa kahle, amaqabunga ayenamathenda namanzi, kanti izithelo zethandiphi ezinothando zomswakama zikhula zikhule futhi zikhulu, ama-5-6 cm ububanzi.

I-turnip iyisitshalo esimangalisa ngempela esinezivithamini nezakhi zokulandelela, futhi ububanzi bayo bukhulu. Amaqabunga nemifino ehlongozwayo abilisiwe, abhakabhakwe, abanjwe, abengeziwe ezitsheni ezisemqoka nama-saladi, asetshenziselwa imithi yendabuko. Ababelethi eminyakeni eminingi edlule baletha izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-turnip for zonke ukunambitheka. Kuhlala kuphela ukukhetha nokukhula.