I-nuances ye-caulifulawa ekhulayo yezithombo, ensimini nasendlini yokushisa

Ukholifulawa uyisitolo sokugcina samavithamini namaminerali. Futhi uma ngaphambilini ngaphambi kokuhleleka kwakhe, wahlangana ngokungajwayelekile futhi wayegqoke isiko lesikhangiso, manje abalimi abaningi futhi baningi bahlanganyela ekukhuleni lokhu kwemifino emnandi eyedwa. Konke okudingekayo ukuqonda izinombolo eziningana lapho ukhula ukholifulawa, futhi isivuno esicebile ngeke sithathe isikhathi eside.

Kusukela esihlokweni uzofunda ukutshala imbewu emhlabathini ukuze uthole isivuno, indlela iklabishi ekhula ngayo, ukutshala ngayo, yikuphi ubuchwepheshe bokuhlwanyela nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, nokuthi ingahlwanyelwa yini engadini noma indlu encane emhlabathini ovulekile.

Indlela yokutshala imifino?

Ukholifulawa isitshalo esihle se-thermophilic. Gcina lokhu engqondweni kuzo zonke izigaba zokulima, kusukela ekutshaleni izithombo kuze kuvunwe. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho abavumelani nokushisa kokukhula kwezithombo zekholifulawa.

Abanye bathi kuyadingeka ukuba lukhuni ukuze izitshalo zizosetshenziselwa amazinga okushisa aphansi ebusuku futhi zilungele ukupholisa okusemandleni entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kanti abanye bathi ukugqothula izithombo kuyokwenza buthakathaka, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngombhoshongo noma kungenasihloko sesithelo ).

Zombili zilungile. Konke kuncike esifundeni sokulima kwalesi semifino. Noma kunjalo, imbewu enhle kakhulu yeklabishi izithombo ezitshalweni zokushisa ziyoba ngcono kakhulu, kanti umoya uzofudumala phakathi nosuku izovikela izitshalo ezincane ekugqithiseni ukwedlulela ngokweqile, kodwa zizoqala indlela enzima. Izitshalo ezivuthiwe zizwa kahle ekushiseni kwama-15-25 ° C. Leli lizinga elihle lokubhuka amabhukhimakhi nokukhula kwamakhanda amaklabishi.

Akukho okuthakazelisayo okuncane, futhi konke okunamanzi. Ukholifulawa awubekezeli ukomiswa kwenhlabathi, njengoba inezimpande zomshoshaphansi, kodwa futhi ikhuthazelela kabi. Umswakama ngokweqile kunciphisa ukubunjwa kwekhanda futhi kuphazamise ukusebenza kwesistimu yezimpande. Kunconywa ukuba uchithe izitshalo kanye ngesonto futhi uhlanganise umhlabathi.

Kubalulekile! Njengoba uhlelo lwempande lwe-cauliflower lungenasisekelo, alukhuthazwa ukukhulula inhlabathi ngaphansi komquba wokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo. Lokhu kuzolondoloza ubuqotho bezimpande futhi kuqinisekiswe umswakama ophezulu womhlabathi.

Ukholifulawa uthanda ukukhula ezindaweni ezikhanyayo., kodwa ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa amakhanda, hamba ukutshala shading. Khona-ke izinhloko zomkhiqizo zizobe zikhulu kakhulu futhi zinkulu. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqhutshwa izikhathi ezintathu: ngesonto ngemuva kokufika emhlabathini futhi kabili ngaphezulu ngekhefu lamasonto amabili. Ngokushesha nje lapho amakhanda eqala ukuboshwa, ukudla kufanele kumiswe.

Ukukhethwa kweMbewu

Khetha imbewu enhle ngokuziphendulela - lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sokuvuna esizayo. Unezinketho ezimbili:

1. Thenga kumkhiqizi;
2. zikhule ngokwakho.

Izindleko zesikhwama sezinhlobo zembewu kusuka ku-ruble angu-15 kuya kwangu-20. izinhlobonhlobo zekholifulawa okhethiwe okwedlule futhi ufinyelele ama-ruble angu-70 nokuningi kwezaveli ezikhethekile. Unquma, kodwa kunamathuba okuba okuqukethwe okukhwameni akuhambisani nebanga elichazwe kuphakheji. Khetha abakhiqizi bezinhlanzi abahloniphekile kuphela abanegama elihle (yiziphi izinhlobonhlobo zekholifuladi ezihle kakhulu nokuthi zingakhetha kanjani imbewu efanele, funda lapha).

Ukhetho lwesibili ukukhulisa imbewu yekholifulawa ngokwakho. Kukhona imfucumfucu endleleni:

• Vikela impova nezinye izinhlobo.
• Ungashiyi izinhlobo ze-hybrid imbewu - izitshalo ezintsha ngeke ziphindiselele izimfanelo zabazali bazo.
• Izitshalo zishiya ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwembewu kufanele kudliwe ngamanyolo we-phosphate-potassium ekuqaleni kokuhluma.
• Ama-pods ne-imbewu avuthwe kancane kancane. Ukuqoqa lapho bephenduka umbala obomvu, bese ubashiya ukuba uvuthwe umisiwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwe-halves. Ukuvuthwa ngaphambi kokuba abanye bavame ukuhamba phambili.

Impilo yamashalofu yezinhlamvu ze-cauliflower yiminyaka engama-4-5, kodwa khumbula ukuthi njalo ngonyaka ikhwalithi yembewu iyancipha.

Izithombo

Ukholifulawa, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zokuqala zinconywa ukuba zitshalwe ngokusebenzisa izithombo.

Ukukhethwa kwesikhathi sokufika

Ngesikhathi sokutshala iklabishi ezitsheni ukuze izinhloko zama-cabbages ziqale? Ngakho, ukuthola isivuno, udinga ukwazi inyanga ngqo lapho udinga ukuhlwanyela iklabishi kwizithombo. Izinhlobonhlobo zokuqala ze-cauliflower zihlwanyelwe ngoMashi, phakathi kwezinyanga-kusukela ngo-Ephreli 10 kuya ku-Meyi 10, kanye nezinhlobo zamuva-kusukela ngoMeyi 25 kuya kuJuni 10.

Ukulungiselela itangi nomhlabathi

Ukholifulawa ayithandi ukukhetha, Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwenziwa ngokushesha ezinkomishini ezihlukene. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, ke qiniseka ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo, ukuze kuthi lapho ukhetha, kungenzeka ukuthi uthathe isitshalo ngenhla yomhlaba ngaphandle kokuphazamisa uhlelo lwempande.

Umhlabathi ovuthiwe ulungiselelwe kusuka engxenyeni ye-lowland peat, humus nesihlabathi. Ukulala ulele ebhishi ukufika. Umhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele kube mnandi. Gcoba ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo ezitshalo.

Ukuhlwanyela

Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala nayo iphathwa ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Ukuhlwanyela kwembewu kwenziwa ngokujula kwe-1-1.5 cm. Ukuze ugweme izithombo ezilimazayo ngomlenze omnyama, ungafafaza ubuso bomhlabathi ngemuva kokutshala ngendwangu encane yesihlabathi esihle. Phezulu kwesitsha esihlanganiswe nefilimu noma ingilazi bese ubeka ifasitela elikhanyisiwe kahle. Uma amafasitela ebheke enyakatho, ukukhanyisa akwanele futhi izithombo zizokhishwa. Ukuze ugweme - ukuhlela ukuveza izithombo.

Ukunakekela

Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamahlumela angakwazi ukumelana neziqukathi ekamelweni lokushisa, kodwa emva kwalokho izithombo zidluliselwa egumbini elinokushisa kwe-10 ° C, futhi ngemva kwesonto zikhuphukela ku-15 ° C. Izithombo ze-olifulawa ziyasabela kakhulu ekupomfuseni esigabeni sama-leaflet amabili angamaqiniso amabili nesisombululo se-0.2% se-boric acid nesisombululo se-0.5% se-ammonium molybdate.

Ukuthuthela emhlabathini

Uma isithombo sakhiwa ezitshalweni, kanti izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke ngeke liwe ngaphansi kwe-12 ° C, utshale izithombo endaweni evulekile ngokwemigomo engama-60 cm nge-30 cm, bese wengeza umlotha omncane emthonjeni.

Kubalulekile! Uma utshala, ungangcwabe ophakathi. Lokhu kuzoholela ekulahlekelweni kwesivuno esizayo. Fafaza izithombo kumashidi okuqala.

Ngaso leso sikhathi emva kokutshala ukholifulawa kuyasiza ukumboza indwangu engenziwanga izinsuku ezimbalwa. Lokhu kuzonikeza ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe ezitshalweni ezingapheli.

Isithombe

Khona-ke ungabona izithombe zekholifulawa ekhulayo ensimini evulekile kanye nasebusini lokushisa:

Uzokhula kuphi?

Emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukholifulawa, ngokungafani nesihlobo saso esimhlophe, kudingekile kakhulu ezimweni ezikhulayo endlini yezwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Abanye balimi bakhononda ukuthi izitshalo zekholifulawa ezibonakala ziphilile futhi ezinhle engadini azizinamakhanda.

Yisiphi isizathu? Indlela yokutshala izithombo ukuze uthole isivuno? Sizohlaziya ngokuningiliziwe. Ibanga lokushisa elithandekayo ekuthuthukiseni isitshalo kanye nokuhlelwa kwekhanda kuncane kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-25 ° C. Emhlabathini ovulekile, izithombo zitshalwe hhayi ngaphambili kunezinga eliphezulu lokushisa nsuku zonke le-12-15 ° C. Ukujula nokushisa kwehla kuyathinta kakhulu ukusethwa kwamakhanda kanye nekhwalithi yabo.

Ukuphuza kanye ngesonto ngezinga lama-10 amalitha ngalinye nge-1 sq. M. Phakathi nesikhathi esishisayo, ukufudumala okwengeziwe kwenhlabathi kungadingeka, ngoba i-cauliflower ayikubekezeli ukomiswa kwezinhla zomhlabathi ezingenhla. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi "inhlanzi" akufanele ibe. Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho batusa ukusebenzisa umquba. Izohlinzeka izinga elidingekayo lomswakama lomhlabathi futhi lenze izakhi ezengeziwe.

Ukholifulawa uphendula kahle ekukhuliseni. Uma ukhulile emhlabathini ovulekile, ukufaka umanyolo kwenziwa izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngezikhathi ezithile ngenkathi yokunisela. Izitshalo ziphendula kahle ekwenzeni isisombululo sezinyoni zezinyoni (1:15) noma i-mullein (1:10).

Kuwusizo ukondla umanyolo obunzima obunamaminerali., ucebise inhlabathi ngama-micro macro and microelements. Ngemuva kokubopha amakhanda (uma izitshalo zingasetshenziselwa imbewu yokuvuna), ukunceliswa kumisiwe.

Ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo kwenziwa ngokucophelela, uzama ukuphazamisa uhlelo lwempande.

Khumbula isidingo sokukhanda ikhanda lekholifulawa, ukuze i-inflorescences ibe mnandi futhi imhlophe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ubophe amaqabunga ambalwa esitshalo nge-twine evamile ukuze afake ikhanda elangeni eliqondile. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-5-10, ungakwazi ukuvuna.

Esikhathini sokushisa

Uma i-cauliflower ikhulile endaweni yokushisa, bese ukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu kule ndlela. Qaphela izinhlobo ezifana nalezi:

1. "White Castle".
2. "Veza".
3. "Movir-74".
4. "Regent".
5. "Yako."

Enye yezinzuzo zokutshala i-cauliflower imifino yindlela yokuthola izivuno ezimbili ngesikhathi ngasinye. Etshalwe ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, izithombo zinezikhathi zokubopha izinhloko ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda.

Lapho ukhiqiza ukholifulawa endaweni yokushisa, ungasebenzisa ngokuphephile izincomo zokulima epulazini, kodwa ugcine izimo ezengeziwe:

• Ukuhambisa umoya wokushisa nokuvimbela ukushisa komoya ngaphezu kwama-25 ° C.
• Ukunisela izitshalo kwenziwa ekuseni kakhulu.
• Lapho uqhuba izingubo zokugqoka, sebenzisa ama-formulations aqukethe izinhlobo eziningi zama-macro namacronutrients.

Ukusebenzisa lezi ziqondiso ezilula, uqinisekile ukuthola isivuno esihle sekholifulawa.

Kungenzeka yini ukwenza lokhu ekhaya?

Ukwandisa ukholifulawa ekhaya kunzima kakhulu.

1. Qaphela ngokucophelela izinga lokushisa nomswakama ekamelweni. Umoya akumelwe ube owomile.
2. Uhlelo lwempande ye-cauliflower lungenasisekelo futhi aluthuthukisiwe kakhulu. Qaphela ngokucophelela umswakama wenhlabathi.
3. Ungavumeli umhlabathi owomile esitsheni, unikeze amanzi.
4. Ukholifulawa ukukhula kahle kudinga indawo enelanga ngaphandle kwemidwebo. Awubekezelelani eduze okuphakeme noma ukuthunga isiko lakhe.
5. Izikhathi eziningana ngesinye isikhathi, zalisa ngamanyolo amaminerali anamanzi.

Ukholifulawa okhulile ebhodini uzohlobisa isikhala sakho esincane sekhishi.

Izifo

Uma ukungathobeli ukutshala izitshalo zekholifulawa, izitshalo zithinteka kalula izifo.

1. Ukubola okumhlophe - Isifo sefungali lapho iklabishi igubungulwa khona. I-plant rots. Ngokuxhumana ngqo, izinhlamvu zidluliselwa kwezinye izitshalo.

   Ukuvimbela lesi sifo ukugcina ukujikeleza kwezitshalo kwisayithi (3-4 iminyaka). - Kila - ithinta uhlelo lwempande iklabishi. Izimila ziyeke ukukhula futhi zife. Lesi sifo asiphathwa - zonke izitshalo ezithintekayo zishiswa ngokushesha. Futhi ezweni elingcolile akukhulumi iklabishi okungenani iminyaka emihlanu.

2. Umlenze omnyama - Izithombo ziyathinteka kakhulu yisifo. Kuvezwe ngaphandle ngaphandle kokumnyama nokunciphisa kwesisekelo se-stem.

   Isizathu siwukuphula umthetho we-agrotechnology:

   • umswakama obuningi;
   • ukushisa kwehla;
   • ukuqina kwe-landing.

   Ukuze uvimbele, phatha umhlaba ngesisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate, i-potassium permanganate noma i-Fitosporin. Thenga izithombo kuphela kubathengisi abathembekile.

3. I-bacteriosis e-mucous - iqala ngokubonakala kwamanzi amanzi ebusweni bekhanda, ekugcineni iphenduka ngokubola ngephunga elimnandi.

   Uma lesi sifo sisekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuqala, indawo ethintekile ingaqedwa, iphathise amathissi enempilo. Endabeni yokunqotshwa okunamandla kwesitshalo kungcono ukuqeda nokushisa. Isizathu saleso sifo kungumswakama owedlulele. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela - ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ngesisombululo se-sulfur colloidal.

Izinambuzane

Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ze-cauliflower yizona: iklabishi fly, i-flea enama-cross, aphid, iklabishi scoop ne-whitefish.

Izidakamizwa eziphumelelayo zokubhujiswa kwazo zibheke:

• "Malathion".
• Aktara.
• "Decis".
• "I-Entobacterin."
• "Lepidocide".
• "Karate" abalingani babo.

Labo abafuna ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwamakhemikhali, sebenzisa amakhambi abantu. Isibonelo, impova yeklabishi ngomlotha, uthuli othuza ugwayi, ukwelapha amaqabunga nge-infusion yezinhlayiya zamatamatisi namazambane. Njengoba abalimi abanolwazi bathi, isitshalo esinempilo asithintekile izinambuzane.

Qinisekisa izitshalo ze-cauliflower ngezidakamizwa eziphikisana nokucindezeleka ezandisa ukwelashwa kwezitshalo kanye nokuphikisa kwazo izifo:

• Immunocytophyte.
• I-Immunophyte.
• I-SOUM HUMATE

Ukholifulawa - iparele langempela phakathi kwezitshaloengatholakala engxenyeni yethu engadini. Futhi uma oqalayo engase abuze imibuzo ngokulima, abalimi abanolwazi, lapho befunda izincomo zalesi sihloko, bazokwenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu futhi bayothokozisa ngokwabo kanye nabathandekayo babo ngezitsha ezinhle zekholifulawa ezikhulile ezikhulile ngezandla zabo. Manje uyazi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani iklabishi ukwenza amakhanda ama-cabbages kanye nokuvunwa okuhle.