I-Gloxinia ithandwa yizimbali eziningi zezimbali zezimbali ezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali, ukukhethwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kwezinhlobonhlobo, ukukhiqiza okulula nokukwazi ukuzalanisa. I-Gloxinia ingokomndeni wakwaGesneriaceae, isici esiyingqayizivele ukukhona kwe-tuber.
Uyazi? I-Taiwan Environmental Protection Bureau, i-Gloxinia, yaqashelwa njengomsizi ongcono kakhulu ekulwa nomkhuhlane we-oksijeni kusuka ezitshalweni ezingu-20 zasendlini ezithatha isifundo.
Izimo ezicacile zokuqukethwe kwe-gloxinia esikhathini esiqhakazayo sezimbali
Ukukhanya nokuqukethwe kokushisa
I-Gloxinia isitshalo esithandana kakhulu nesithandayo. Uma ukhula izithombo, ungongeza ngaphezu kokusebenzisa ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo, kodwa isitshalo esidala, ukuze isitshalo siqine, futhi izimbali zinkulu, udinga ukukhula emafasiteleni angaphandle okukhanyisiwe noma amabhalkoni.
Ilanga eliqondile lingabangela ukuthi amaqabunga aqothule, ngakho-ke i-gloxinia kufanele ivuliwe emafasiteleni aseningizimu nasempumalanga. Ukushisa okukhulu phakathi nenkathi yokukhula kuyinto 18-22 ° C, ne tuber ukuhluma lokushisa kuze kufike ku 25 ° C kuyadingeka. Lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezu kuka-28 ° C, ukushisa komuthi kungase kwenzeke, futhi isitshalo sizozizwa sibi: amaqabunga azofuna, amaqabunga ngeke avule. Amaqabunga e-gloxinia angakwazi ukunqanda, okubonisa izimo ezingahle ziboshwe, kulokhu, udinga ukwandisa izinga lokushisa lomoya, noma wenze umoya ube nomswakama, futhi udinga ukuhlola ukudla.
Ukunisela nokudla umhlabathi
I-Gloxinia inamaqabunga amnandi kakhulu nezimbali ezinkulu, ngakho inhlabathi iyoma ngokushesha. Kudingeka ukuphuza kaningi, kodwa hhayi ukuvumela ukunqwaba komswakama. NgoSeptemba, lapho isitshalo sikulungele isikhathi sokuphumula, ukuchelela kunciphise. Uma ukuchelela kuvamile, lesi sitshalo sibukeka sinempilo, futhi ngesizathu esithile, amaqabunga asomile e-Gloxinia, isizathu salokhu umoya omile. Ukuze i-gloxinia enhle yezimbali idinga umswakama ophezulu, kanjalo ngokuvamile badinga ukuhlanza izitshalo, kodwa lawo manzi awawa amaqabunga nezimbali. Ungaphinde ubeke i-gloxinia ebhodweni eligcwele amatshe amakhulu noma ubumba obunwetshiwe.
I-Gloxinia ithando lokudla. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo kanye nezimbali, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti, kudingeka badliwe kanye ngesonto, kodwa ukuze bangashisi uhlelo lwempande, lungadliwa kaningi ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka futhi kuphela enhlabathini enomanzi. Njengomanyolo we-gloxinia, ungasebenzisa umquba wezitshalo zezimbali eziqukethe i-potassium ne-phosphorus engaphezu kwe-nitrogen.
Ukunakekelwa Flower ngesikhathi dormancy ebusika
Ake sikhulume ngalokho okufanele sikwenze nge-gloxinia ekwindla. Ngokuvamile, ekwindla, amaqabunga e-gloxinia ayomile - lesi sitshalo singena esikhathini se-dormancy ebusika, kodwa kwenzeka ukuthi bahlala behlaza. Kunoma yikuphi, ukuze kugcinwe i-gloxinia ebusika, wonke amaqabunga kufanele asuswe, isitshalo se-1-2 cm ukuphakama singashiywa; embizeni ene-tuber, kubalulekile ukususa ngokucophelela ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi ukuze i-tuber ibonakale. Embizeni ene-tuber gloxinia, kubalulekile ukuhambisa kancane umhlabathi, ukumboze i-cellophane ifilimu bese uyibeka endaweni epholile futhi enemibala (endaweni ethile phansi, ngaphansi kombhede, ekamelweni lokulala noma endlini yokugezela).
Kanye namaviki amabili kuya ku-2 kuyadingeka ukuthi uvule ifilimu bese uhambisa inhlabathi ngamathisipuni angu-1-2 amanzi ukuze i-tuber ingalahlekelwa umswakama futhi ingabimbi, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba uphinde unqande ukugwema ukubola. Ukuphela kokuphela yizitshalo zonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, lapho i-tuber ingaphansi kwe-2 cm. I-gloxinia enjalo kufanele ishiywe ukuze ikhule yonke ubusika ukuze ibe ne-tuber ekhule, futhi iqhakaze ngonyaka olandelayo.
Phuma isitshalo ekuphumuleni
Kusukela ngoJanuwari, udinga ukubuka izilimo eziyizigaxa zokuba khona kwamahlumela. Uma zivela, udinga ukuthola i-tuber emhlabathini bese uyifakisela ibe entsha. Uma ulahlekelwe umzuzu wokuhluma kwe-tuber, kanti ihlumela selivele seluliwe, kungcono ukuliqeda bese ulinda elisha, kungenjalo isihlahla ngeke sihlangane. Cabanga ngendlela yokutshala i-gloxinia ekhaya.
Ukutshala nokufakelwa kabusha
Uma i-tuber ivukile, udinga ukuyikhipha emhlabathini, uhlanze ngokucophelela uphinde ususe zonke izimpande ezomile nezomile, ugeze ngamanzi ukuze ubuso be-tuber bubonakale, uhlole i-tuber ngokuba khona kwezindawo ezilimazekile futhi ususe ngommese. Beka ukusika kungasifafaza amalahle bese uvumela ukoma usuku. Uma i-tuber ingenangqondo, ungayibamba izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ziboshwe ngendwangu ebomvu noma nge-vermiculite enomanzi, ngakho-ke ingabuyisa ukuqina. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izilimo eziyizigaxa zingelashwa ngesisombululo se-fungicide ukuvimbela izifo ze-fungal noma ukubonakala kokubola.
Kubalulekile! Uma utshala i-tuber ngaphandle kwamahlumela, kudingeka uqaphele ukuthi ungalitshali phezulu. Ingxenye engenhla ye-tuber ngokuvamile ine-groove, kanti ephansi yi-convex, elula.
Kubalulekile ukutshala i-tuber ukuze ingxenye yayo engenhla nehlumela nefihlekile iphezulu. Njengoba amahlumela ekhula, umhlabathi kufanele uthululwe kwi-tuber ukuze ungaphazamisi. Isitshalo esidala kumele sibe nesitshalo se-1-2 cm phezu kwe-tuber. Phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, okunye ukufakelwa kungenzeka uma isitshalo sesiphelile, futhi angeke sifeze ebusika. Khona-ke i-gloxinia ingadliwa emaqabeni amabili okuqala futhi ifakwe emhlabathini omusha. Kusukela emaqabunga e-axils eqabunga, amaqabunga amasha noma amahlumela azokhula.
Ukunisela kanye nomswakama
Emva kokutshala, imbiza yezilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele ifakwe ifilimu ukugcina umswakama. Kulesi simo, akudingeki ukuba amanzi amanzi ashubeke, ukuze inhlabathi ibe semanzi, kuvunyelwe ukuthi umise ungqimba ongaphezulu. Kudingekile ukuvula ifilimu yokushayela nsuku zonke. Uma ihlumela lidala amaqabunga amabili okuqala, ungakwazi ukumboza ubhodlo kuphela ubusuku, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5 ususe ngokuphelele ifilimu. Abalimi bembali abavame ukuvame ukuvame ukuvame ukuba nesithakazelo lapho i-gloxinia ivela kwi-tuber blooms. Lapho utshala izilimo eziyizigaxa gloxinia blooms ngo 3-4 izinyanga.
Umanyolo womhlabathi
Ukuze ukhule i-gloxinia shrub enhle ngezimbali ezinamandla, inhlabathi yokutshala i-gloxinia tuber kumele ibe nesondlo, ifakwe kahle, kepha ingabi nzima futhi iphefumule. Kuhle kahle ngesisekelo se-peat. Ukuze kube khona ukufaneleka okungcono, ishlabathi kanye ne-vermiculite zinganezelwa kumkhakha wezokuthengisa ophelile. I-tuber okufakelwe kabusha ayidliwe ngaphakathi kwezinyanga ezingu-1-2.
Izindlela zokuzalanisa i-gloxinia
I-Gloxinia - izitshalo ezinamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwembewu nokwahlukanisa i-tuber, zanda ngokutshala izitshalo, zinezigaba ezahlukene zesitshalo: izicucu, amaqabunga, noma ngisho neziqu.
Ukutshala ipuleti leshidi leshidi
Ukuze ukhiqize amaqabunga e-gloxinium, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi amaqabunga, kepha uma amaqabunga ethathwa ukuze ukhiqize ngesikhathi sokuhluma, ungalindela ukuthi i-gloxinia ikhulile kusukela eqabeni ukuze iqale ukuqhakaza ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Isiqu sokutshala sishiywe u-2-3 cm ubude, siwujulisa sibe ngumhlabathi okhanyayo, onomanzi futhi siwubeke endaweni yokushisa kuze kuvele amagciwane. Uma ishidi likhulu noma linomonakalo othile, ungakwazi ukusika phezulu kweshidi ngommese obukhali noma umlenze. Ucezu olufafazwe ngamalahle.
Iphuzu leqabunga elinqunyiwe lingabuye litshalwe ngokulisika nge-cone ukusuka emgodini ophakathi noma ukukhulula umvini ophakathi, njengokungathi wenza i-petiole. Uma lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibaluleke kakhulu, ungakwazi ngisho nokutshala ucezu lweqabunga nge-vein, ngoba ama-nodules enza ama-veins amaqabunga.
Uma ihlumela libonakala lidala, udinga ukuthola iqabunga lomhlabathi bese uhlukanisa i-tuber negciwane elivela eqabeni. I-tuber enehlumela itshalwe phansi emhlabathini. Ishidi lomzali lingasetshala futhi. Uma iqabunga lihamba, kufanele uhlole inhlabathi, kaningi kunomuthi owakhiwe.
Kwenzeka ukuthi iqabunga ligawulwe ngesigamu, i-tuber isakhiwe phezulu kwesigqoko semvelo kuze kube yilapho ihlumela likhula, futhi lihlukanise i-tuber ngendwangu yesifuba. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zezitshalo ezinezinhlumela ezincane emhlabathini, uma lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa zincane kakhulu, ungakwazi ukumane uzibeke phansi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezitholakalayo zifakwa endaweni ye-hothouse aze akhule. Uma amahlumela amaningana efomini ku-tuber, khona-ke onamandla kakhulu kufanele ashiywe. Abanye baphawula ngokucophelela futhi batshale ama-cuttings.
Imbewu yokutshala
Khuluma ngokuthi ungakhula kanjani i-gloxinia kusuka kumbewu. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari. Ukuze uhlwanyele imbewu, udinga ukuthatha inhlabathi elula, ugcwalise isitsha ukuze ubeke isigamu kanye ne-moisten ngokulinganisela. Imbewu ihlwanyela kangcono eziqukathi ezingenalutho.
Imbewu ye-Gloxinia incane kakhulu. Ukuze uhlwanyele kalula, imbewu ethengwe esitolo ingathululelwa ephepheni, uthathe i-toothpick futhi, inamanzi ngamanzi, ithathe imbewu ngayinye bese uyibeka phansi. Uma ufuna ukuhlwanyela imbewu eningi, khona-ke ingaxubaniswa nesihlabathi esomileyo futhi ngokulinganayo kuhlwanyelwe emhlabathini. Awudingi ukumboza imbewu ngomhlaba, ungawufafaza ngamanzi. Khona-ke ibhodlela libuye libekwe endaweni yokushisa.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze imbewu kanye nezithombo zingapheli futhi zomile, udinga ukuvula ngezikhathi ezithile ukushisa okwenziwe ukushisa nokufudumala inhlabathi.
Lapho izithombo zizoba namaqabunga amabili amaqabunga, zidinga ukudilika. Ukuze utshalwe kabusha, ungasebenzisa umthamo ofanayo wokutshala, kodwa umhlaba kufanele uhluke. Lapho izitshalo eziseduze zikhula kanye namaqabunga, zidinga ukufakwa kabusha. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhula kwamahlumela adilize izikhathi ezingu-3-4.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-gloxinia
I-Gloxinia inganda ngokuhlukanisa i-tuber. I-tuber ithathwa kakhulu. Uma izinso zibonakala kuso, khona-ke zingahlukaniswa ngaphandle kokulinda amahlumela, ukuze isiqephu ngasinye sibe nezinso. Ungalinda amahlumela futhi, uma ugaye i-tuber, uhlukanise ukuze amahlumela ahluke ezingxenyeni ezihlukene. Ngaphambi kokuhlukanisa i-tuber ingelashwa ngesisombululo se-fungicide. Lesi sigaba senziwe ngommese obukhali oyinyumba; emva kwenqubo, izingxenye ze-tuber nazo zingaphathwa nge-fungicide futhi zifafazwe ngamalahle. Okulandelayo, tshela emhlabathini, kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezigcwele. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukucubungula izingxenye ze-tuber ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa akudingeki. Kule nkinga, udinga ukuwashiya usuku oluvulekile, ukuze bahlenge, bese ungena ngendlela evamile.
Kubalulekile!Uma ucubungula izilimo eziyizigaxa, kunakekelwa ukunakekelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo se-fungicide asitholi emahlumela angashisa.
Ukutshala izidakamizwa ze-gloxinia
Uma ushiywe i-stalk gloxinia ngaphandle kwezilimo eziyizigaxa nezimpande, ingahlwanyelwa njengeqabunga. Kulesi simo, isiqu sakha i-tuber kanye nezimpande. Ukukhula kusuka emahlumela e-gloxinia kungaqhakaza ngonyaka ofanayo.
I-peduncle yokutshala i-gloxinia
I-Gloxinia ingahle isakaze ngisho ne-peduncle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokusinda liphansi kakhulu kunalokhu likhiqizwa amaqabunga, kodwa kufanelekile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-peduncle elinezimbali iyathathwa, isiqu sinqunywe ubude buka-2-3 cm. I-peduncle igxila emhlabathini omanzi futhi ifakwe ku-greenhouse. Ukuqapha ukuvela kwamagciwane kufanele kube njengalabo amaqabunga.
Uyazi? Ababelethi baphawula ukuthi amahlumela akhula esitsheni esisodwa akhula ngokushesha kunokutshala ngokuhlukile.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka lapho kukhula i-gloxinia
Manje cabanga ngezifo ze-gloxinia kanye nokwelashwa kwazo. I-Gloxinia ingathinteka yizinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane, ngakho-ke udinga ukuqapha isimo sesitshalo bese uyilungisa ngamalungiselelo afanele ngesikhathi. Lapho ukushisa kwehla, ukuchelela ngokweqile, ubuthi obunamanzi bungaba nezifo ze-fungal, khona-ke isitshalo namaqabunga alula, ahlanganiswe ngamanzi amaningi. Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukususa zonke izingxenye ezonakele zesitshalo bese uphatha kanye nomhlabathi ngezixazululo ezikhethekile, njenge-Fitosporin, i-Trichodermin.
Ku-gloxinia, i-tuber ingabola, amaqabunga abe yivila futhi angabuyiselwa emuva kokuphuza. Khona-ke udinga ukusika isitshalo, uthole tuber, ususe wonke umonakalo, inqubo isixazululo "Maxim" futhi omile kahle. Khona-ke ingahlwanyelwa, kodwa ichithe ngokucophelela. Sika ingxenye ye-vegetative ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza.
Uyazi? Ngokwesayensi ye-astrobotany, i-gloxinia enezinhlobonhlobo zembala inomthelela ohlukile emandleni endlini: ngezimbali ezimhlophe ziqeda imicabango emibi, zinezimvu zinikeza isimo sokuqonda okufanayo, zihlaza okwesibhakabhaka zigcwala ngokuphefumula, futhi nge-pink nebomvu zikwenza ucabange ngokomoya.
