I-turnip yesiSwidi ensimini yaseRussia: i-swede ekhulayo nokunakekela imifino

Isitshalo sezitshalo saseSwitzerland uCaspar Baukhin ngo-1620 sathola okokuqala i-rutabaga eSweden. I-Turnip ne-rutabaga bangamalungu omndeni weklabishi, izitshalo zivame ukudideka, futhi i-rutabaga ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-turnip yesiSwidi.

Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela yokutshala lesi sitshalo esiwusizo ensimini kanye nendlela yokugwema izinkinga.

Siphinde sikhulume ngezinkinga ezivame ukubhekana nabalimi, ukukhula rutabagu kusayithi labo.

Yini ehlukile kuma-turnips?

Okokuqala, i-turnips ivame ukuncane kune-swede, ubukhulu bebhola legolfu, elinesikhumba esimhlophe, esicwebezelayo. I-rutabaga yikhulu kakhulu, isikhumba sayo esinamahloni sinobucwebe obuyingqayizivele futhi siyingxenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, sinesici "sekhola." Nakuba kunombono wokuthi rutabaga ungumkhiqizo waseRussia, hhayi ukukhethwa kweScandinavia, into eyodwa icacile - lena imifino esenyakatho, okuyinto elahlekelwa kakhulu ukunambitheka kwayo esimweni esishisayo.

I-Sorta

Njengamanje, ezintsha, futhi, njengoba bekusho, ukuhola izinhlobo ngaphambi kwababengaphambi kwabo baqale ukuvela: Lizi, Marian, Ruby. Kodwa okuncane kuyaziwa ngabo, futhi ukuthola kwabo akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlukahluka kweKrasnoselsky kubhekwa njengento ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi baseRussia - ukulinganisa okuqinile kuzo zonke izici.

Indlela yokukhula?

I-neutral ne-acidic inhlabathi ifaneleka kakhulu ukuvula i-turnips.:

• loam;
• i-sandy loam;
• i-peatlands.

Kulesi sitshalo, kungcono ukhethe inhlabathi emanzi, kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungavumeli amanzi aqhume, ngakho-ke inhlabathi nodaka kufanele ibekiwe noma ihlanjululwe nge-peat.

Umthetho oyinhloko lapho ukutshala i-rutabagas akufanele ukutshala ngemuva (okungenani iminyaka emithathu) izitshalo ezihlobene eduze, njenge-turnips, iklabishi, zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo, kodwa utamatisi, ukhukhamba namazambane kubhekwa njengabalungile abandulela lesi sitshalo.

Lungiselela imibhede ye-swede kusukela ekuwa komanyolo:

• i-humus noma umquba: 2-4 kg ngehora elilodwa lesikwele;
• 10 amagremu we-ammonium nitrate;
• 15 amagremu we-superphosphate;
• 15g we usawoti we-potassium.

I-Swede yokusetshenziswa kwehlobo kuhlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, nokugcina isitoreji ebusika - phakathi kwehlobo. Isifunda asinendima encane, ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuzama ukuthola isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela noma ukutshala.

Imifino etshalwe ngezindlela ezimbili: izithombo futhi ngokushesha emhlabathini.

1. Isithombo

   Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezimbizeni noma izitsha ezine-ingxube ekhethekile yobumba ekujuleni kwe-2 cm. Amagoda kufanele abe khona ezitsha ngezansi. Izitshalo ze-swede kufanele zitshalwe ngendlela efanayo nanoma yimuphi omunye: ukuphuza, ukuphalaza nokufaka umquba. Amabhokisi anezithombo angasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekhaya efasiteleni. Amahlumela okuqala azovela phakathi nesonto.

   Uma kubonakala amaqabunga amathathu ezithombo, cishe ngemva kwenyanga, izitshalo zifakelwa embhede wensimu. Ukutshala i-swede kulandelwe ngesimo sezulu esibhakabhakeni nesimo sezulu esiphezulu. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili emva kokufakelwa, umanyolo ukhiqizwa umquba wamanzi, futhi ngemuva kokusungulwa kwezitshalo - nge-fertilizer umanyolo.

2. Ukuhlwanyela emhlabathini

   Ngokuvamile, i-Swede ihlwanyela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, lapho izingqimba eziphezulu zomhlabathi zimanzi, ngokujule cishe ngo-2,5 cm kanye nebanga eliphakathi kwemigqa engama-40 cm. Ngokwesibonelo, embhedeni ububanzi bamamitha, kunezikhala ezimbili ezifanayo, okwenziwa ibanga ukusuka komunye nomunye. Imbewu yale mifino mincane, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kancane: ingxenye yesigamu segrafu isetshenziswe embhedeni wezikwele eziyi-5. Ukulandela imigwaqo ihlanganiswa, ihlanganiswe ne-peat (noma ezinye izinto ezibonakalayo) futhi iphuza.

Vula ukulungiswa kwensimu

• Lapho izithombo ziqina futhi ngokusobala ziqala ukuphazanyana - sekuyisikhathi sokuphumula ngaphandle kwamasentimitha angu-4, kanti lapho izitshalo ezinezinhlamvu ezine, ziphinde ziphinde zifinyelele ibanga elingama-15 cm.
• Esinye sezimfihlo eziyinhloko zokutshala ngokuphumelelayo noma ukuhlwanyelwa kwesitshalo kunomhlabathi omanzi, ngakho-ke ama-groove kufanele ahanjiswe ngaphambili. Ukuze umswakama ufinyelele imbewu, imibhede iyahlanganiswa, futhi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zibhubhisa umqubu owenziwe enhlabathini.
• Ngenkathi yonyaka, i-swede, izinqubo ezimbili zokukhipha phakathi kwemigqa ziyadingeka, okokuqala okokuqala kuya ku-10 cm ejulile, ku-5 cm olandelayo, kanye no-2-3 weedings.
• Kungenzeka ukuthi ensimini njengokungathi kwakhiwa izitshalo ezengeziwe - lokhu akukwesabeki, zingafakwa endaweni ephephile kwenye indawo, into esemqoka: kanye nendawo ethile yomhlaba. Kodwa izitshalo ezinamandla kakhulu kufanele zishiywe embhedeni owodwa, zenze imigqa ephethini lokuhlola.
• Phakathi nehlobo, kungcono ukutshala i-swede ngesisombululo somquba: 1:10 (lapho ingxenye eyodwa yelitha, izingxenye eziyishumi zamanzi), ngesibalo samalitha ayi-10 esisombululo ngezikwele ezingu-5. Lelixazululo lingathululelwa phakathi kwemigqa yokunisela okuvamile ngaphandle kombhobho.
• Uma isikhathi sokukhula sifika - lesi yisikhathi sokukhula okukhulayo kwesitshalo, i-swede idinga ukuphuziswa izikhathi eziningana ngeviki, kanye nokuhlunga okuncane.
• I-Swede - isitshalo esinomswakama kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sesikhathi esomile kufanelekile ukuphuza izinga elingama-2 amalitha per 1 m2, futhi kamuva ama-7-8 amalitha, ngenkathi ehambisa inhlabathi ngokujula ngokugcwele, hhayi nje eziqongweni.

Amaphutha avamile ekulimeni

Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuyindlela yokukhetha inhlabathi kanye nendawo yombhede (kubalulekile ukuhlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yesakhiwo), kanye nokulinganisela kokunisela: ukungabi nalutho - isitshalo sempande sibe nzima futhi sibaba, ukuphuza kakhulu - izithelo zilahlekelwa ukunambitheka futhi zibe ngamanzi. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuphuza imibhede ngama-turnips kaningi, kodwa zama ukuzithukhula.

Ukuqoqwa nokugcina

Ukuqala ukukhula i-turnips, kufanele unqume izinhloso: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyoba umkhiqizo wokupheka, noma inketho yokuphakelayo.

Kungcono ukungabi ne-swede, ezosetshenziselwa ukudla kwabantu, isisindo esingaphezu kuka-1 kg, kodwa singasuswa embhede uma sifinyelela ububanzi obuyi-6 cm.

Ukuvuna imifino ekhishwe ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa, ukusika iziqongo nezimpande ezincane. Kungcono ukugcina i-swede ema-cellars emabhokisini, ukufafaza imifino yezimpande nomhlabathi wesihlabathi noma i-peat, ekushiseni okungadluli ku-4 ° C. Uma isayithi lisezindaweni eziseningizimu, ngokushisa okufudumele, i-swede ingagujwa njengoba kudingeka.

Izifo nezinambuzane

I-drawback enkulu ye-swede-ukumelana okuphansi ezinambuzane nezifo. Izitha eziyinhloko zalesi sitshalo yizi:

• I-Cruciflo igwebe.

  Balwa nalo ngosizo lwezinkuni umlotha, ethela phakathi kwemigqa.

• Iklabishi Fly.

  Lezi zinambuzane zihambisa ingxube ye-naphthalene nesihlabathi, ngo-1:10, futhi iphinde isebenze imigqa ephakathi, bese iphinda inqubo ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.

Ungazigwema kanjani izinkinga?

Ayikho impendulo yonke yombuzo kulo mbuzo, kodwa kunamaqhinga ambalwa okufanele aqashelwe:

• Izinto zemaminerali. I-phosphorus ikhulisa ubumnandi eSwede, futhi uma isitshalo singenalo ibhonon, inyama yayo iba mnyama futhi isheshe.
• Ukuze ugweme izifo zezitshalo, imbewu yenziwa ukushisa okushisa: amanzi atshiswa ku-50 ° C kanti imbewu iyagxila kukho isigamu sehora, bese yomezwa ngendwangu futhi ixubene nesihlabathi esicacisiwe.

I-Rutabaga imthombo omuhle kakhulu we-vitamin C ne-fibre, i-folic acid ne-potassium. Ukucwaninga kwezenhlalo zaseBrithani kwaqaphela ukuthi le mifino iyingozi kakhulu (kanye nezinye izithelo ezilukhuni: ithanga kanye ne-turnip) - namanje, ngemva kwalokho, owodwa kwabahlanu kwabaphendulile wabonisa ukuthi nguye oye wahlushwa ekhishini. Kodwa lezi zinkinga, kanye nokulima okulula, akufanele zikuvimbele, ngoba lokhu kwenzeka uma yonke imizamo ihlawula.