I-artichoke yaseJerusalema (i-sunflower, umndeni we-tuberiferous we-Astrovs) - kubantu abavamile abawaziwa kangcono ngokuthi "ikhasi elibumba". Kuyinto isitshalo esivamile, esingenakuzithoba esinezilimo eziyizigaxa ezidliwayo ezicebile izakhi. Zombili izilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nengxenye eluhlaza kusetshenziselwa ukudla. Futhi, isitshalo sondliwa ngemfuyo, esetshenziselwa imithi kanye nemithi.
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-artichoke yaseJerusalema, ezihlukile phakathi kwazo ngezibonakaliso zangaphandle, ngokuvunwa, ubukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa, ubuningi bezinhlamvu eziluhlaza kanye nezinye izinkomba.
Ungenzi kanjani iphutha lapho ukhetha?
Indlela yokukhetha izinhlobo ze-artichoke yaseJerusalema ixhomeke ekufikeni. Izinhlobonhlobo zokukhula okukhethwa kukho okuyingxenye engenhla yesitshalo yizinhlobo zefolda, kanti izinhlobonhlobo zokuthuthukiswa okukhethiwe kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ziyi-tuber izinhlobo zezicelo eziningi.
Ngokuphathelene nezinhlobo zokuvuthwa kwe-artichoke yaseJerusalema kukhona:
- ukuqala;
- okuphakathi;
- sekwephuzile
Ngezindawo zabo, nazo zingahluka kakhulu. Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwe-artichoke yaseJerusalem ngokulima kwalo, kufanele luhlangabezane nezidingo zabalimi. Okusho ukuthi kubalulekile lapha ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo izodingeka, izilimo eziyizigaxa noma imifino. Uma kungenjalo, umkhiqizo oholele ngeke uhlangabezane nesidingo, okulindelwe umenzi.
Into yesibili okufanele uyicabangele lapho ukhetha ukuhlukahluka yisikhathi sokuvuthwa, okungukuthi, isikhathi sokutshala ukuya ekuvuneni kufanele sanele ngokwanele yendawo yezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kungase kungabi nesikhathi sokunikeza isivuno esihle.
Kumele futhi kuqaphele iqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo eziningana kamuva zizokwenza kube lula impilo yeshalofu yezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ubuningi obuluhlaza kufanele bube ngobuningi phakathi nonyaka, ngakho-ke kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuvuthwa kuzodingeka ukuze kudingeke ukuba kusale ngaphandle kokudla phakathi kwehlobo.
Uma i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ikhulile ngenhloso yokuhlobisa noma ukuvikela ezinye izitshalo emoyeni, izinhlobonhlobo ezinezindawo ezinhle zokuhlobisa kanye nesisindo esiphakeme esidingekayo, esiqinisekisa umphumela omkhulu.
Imithetho yokukhetha ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu
Akuzona zonke ezihlukahlukene ezifanele kunoma yisiphi isifunda, njengasezindaweni ezihlukene izimo ezihlukene zezulu.
- Ngama-Urals.
Kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo zangaphambili, njengoba umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo kufanele ube nesikhathi sokuhamba ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuqala kwasebusika. Kumele futhi unqume ukukhetha ngezinhlobo zama-frost ezikuvumela ukuba ukhule i-artichoke yaseJerusalema ngisho nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho, lapho izilimo eziyizigaxa zingashiywa enhlabathini ebusika bonke, hhayi ukumba futhi okuqhubekayo kuze kufike entwasahlobo ngo 90-100%. Ngosizo lokukhethwa, ama-hybridi amaningi anezindawo ezicacisiwe asethuthukile.
- Ephakathi kweRussia.
Ezindaweni ezifudumele zendawo ephakathi yezwe, kuyinto efiselekayo ukucabangela ukutholakala kwezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokushisa nesomiso. Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe izinhlobo zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile - lezi zide kakhulu (kufika ku-3-4 m), unikezela amafutha amaningi (kuze kube ngu-1000 kg / ha), nezilimo eziyizigaxa, nakuba zincane.
- I-Siberia.
E-Siberia, akulula ukuthola uhlobo olufanele lwe-artichoke yaseJerusalema. Okuhle kunabo bonke, izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala ziqala. Yiqiniso, zingatshalwa kuzo zonke izindawo, kodwa zisebenza ikakhulukazi kule ndawo. Izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala zingabuye zihlale emhlabathini kuze kufike entwasahlobo, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwezakhiwo.
Incazelo kanye nezithombe zezinhlobo eziyinhloko
Ekuqaleni
Vadim
Isihlahla se-shrub. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu zika-60-65 g, ezingagcinwa kahle emiphongolweni yonke ebusika, ihlaselwe isanti. Umbala obomvu obomvu.
Ekuqaleni
Ikhula ngokushesha, ngezinsuku ezingu-110 kuya kwezingu-125. Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kungakhula emthunzini, ezihlukahlukene ziphikisana nesomiso, ukushisa kanye nesithwathwa. I-branched stem, cishe i-1.5 m, amaqabunga amnyama, ane-clove, afana nenhliziyo. Isidumbu esisifo sofuba sihlanganisiwe, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziphuzi kancane, ezincane, zihlangene. Umkhiqizo wezilimo eziyizigaxa - 250 kg / ha, ubukhulu obuhlaza - 268 kg / ha.
I-Volzhsky-2
Kulezi zinhlobonhlobo, umbala weziqu unombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuhlelwa kwamaqabunga kuhlanganiswe, kune-pubescence elithambile emaqabunga. Ikhula izinsuku ezingu-100-110. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinjenge-pear zezimbali ezimhlophe ezimhlophe kanye ne-lilac-pink, esidlekeni 10-30 nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Izinhlobonhlobo zingamelana nesithwathwa nesomiso. Kuhle ku-Central Central Earth. Umkhiqizo wezilimo eziyizigaxa 150 kg / ha, ubuningi obuhlaza - 200 kg / ha.
Isilinganiso
Leningrad
Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo siyizinsuku eziyi-140, kodwa izilimo eziyizigaxa zaso zinamathele emhlabathini kuze kufike entwasahlobo futhi zigcine izindawo ezingu-90% zazo, ngakho-ke izinhlobonhlobo zenzelwe iNyakatho-West. Isitshalo esinomshini omkhulu wokushicilela, amaqabunga ahlukanisiwe, ayengavamile ukugcoba. Isihlahla esinamagatsha amakhulu. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zimsundu, zibe nomumo ohlangene, usayizi ophakathi. Umkhiqizo ophezulu wezilimo eziyizigaxa - kufika ku-498 c / ha, kanye nobukhulu obuhlaza - 420 c / ha.
I-Omsk emhlophe
Kuze kufike ku-2 m ubude, i-branching elinganisiwe, ibonakala luhlaza obumnyama ngombala obomvu, amaqabunga ayingayizi ephakathi. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zincane (55-60 g), i-spherical, kusuka ehlathini zithola kufika ku-1.5 kg. Inkathi ekhulayo yizinsuku ezingu-125-130. Ikhula kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Umkhiqizo wezilimo eziyizigaxa - 430 c / ha.
I-Vylgothic
It has a stem obukhulu, enomsoco ne pubescence, ehlotshiswe shrub esakazekayo. Amaqabunga akhonjisiwe, amakhulu, anezintambo ezinzima. Umbala ophuzi ogcwele izilimo eziyizigaxa. Isikhathi semifino sokusila okuluhlaza luyizinsuku ezingu-125. Ebusika, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyi-100% egcinwe enhlabathini. Isivuno semifino eluhlaza singama-346 kg / ha. Idluliselwe kakhulu eNyakatho, eNyakatho-West, naseVolga-Vyatka.
IsiHungary
Ibanga lokudla elijwayelekile kakhulu. Ukuphakama kakhulu (kuze kufike ku-5m) ukutshala ngamagatsha amakhulu, akudingi ukukhanya okukhulu, kungakhula ngisho nasemthunzini.
Ukuhamba kwesikhathi
Thola
Izinhlobo ezivuthiwe zokuvuthwa, izinsuku ezingu-170-180, eziphezulu, ezithokozisa indawo eningizimu yezulu. Gwema ukuxhuma kancane, ngezinye izinhlamvu ezikhanyayo. Izidleke ezibuthakathaka ezinomsoco, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezimhlophe-pink ezinezinwele ezikhanyayo. Izinga lokuvunwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa - 350 kg / ha.
Pasko
Ezihlukahlukene ezinobuthi. Isitshalo esinamandla, esinamandla kakhulu, ukuphela kwamaqabunga akhombisile, izimbali ezincane ezikhanyayo ezine-tinge encane ebomvu. Unayo izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu ezinesisindo esingama-75-90 g, ngombala omhlophe nge-tint elicwebezelayo, ehlangene. Inkathi ekhulayo yizinsuku ezingu-170-180. Kukhulile yonke indawo. Umkhiqizo wezilimo eziyizigaxa ufinyelela ku-308 c / ha, kanti ubukhulu obuhlaza - 354 c / ha.
Inzalo
Ikhiqiza kakhulu, iphikisana nokushisa nokubandayo, kodwa kuyabuhlungu uma kuntuleka kobumswakama. Isikhathi sokuguga siyizinsuku ezingu-146, sihlanza ngoNovemba, sifaneleke kuphela eningizimu. Uneziqu ezinamandla ezikhulayo ezikhula ngokushesha. Amehlo ezilimo eziyizigaxa ezibushelelezi. Izinga lokuthela izilimo eziyizigaxa liyi-265 c / ha, ubukhulu obuhlaza - 436 c / ha.
Kusha
Ubude obude (2 m) ezihlukahlukene ezibulalayo, ngokulinganisela bushy, branched ngokuqinile. Iqukethe amaqabunga amakhulu, amaqabunga. Ibhasikidi elinamabhasi amakhulu. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zinesimo se-ellipse, umbala omhlophe, ubungako obujwayelekile, isisindo 60 g. Isikhathi semifino yisikhathi ezingu-170. Ikhula yonke indawo ngaphandle kwesimo sezulu esincane. Umkhiqizo wezilimo eziyizigaxa - kufika ku-400 kg / ha, ubukhulu obuhlaza - 320 kg / ha.
Izinhlobo ezinezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu
Ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, ubukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa kufinyelela ku-100 g noma ngaphezulu.
- I-large-fruited ejwayelekile kakhulu i-Pasko ehlukahlukene, izilimo eziyizigaxa zayo zifinyelela ku-80-90 g nokuvunwa kuphezulu, ngaphezu kuka-300 kg / ha. Kungatshalwa yonke indawo.
- Hlunga i-Sunny - izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingu-60 g, ukuphakama kakhulu-kufika ku-400 kg / ha. Ikhula yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwe-Far North.
- Izinhlobonhlobo Vadim - isisindo izilimo eziyizigaxa 60-65 g, abe nokunyuka izinga lokugcina.
Ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, kufanele uzikhethele lowo ohlangabezana nezidingo zalesi sitshalo esibalulekile esitshalo esasetshenziswa kwezolimo, embonini yokudla nasemithi.
