Amagilebhisi e-Amur ezimweni zemvelo azizwa emuhle emahlathini esifundeni sase-Amur. Ama-liana amade angabekezeleleki asempandeni ezakhiweni zasengadini ezifundeni eziningi. Umvini wokuhlobisa onamaqabunga amahle nezithelo ezidliwayo ubekezelela ubusika obubandayo kahle. Iwayini lenziwa ngamajikijolo alo, imbewu inothile emafutheni. Amagilebhisi e-Amur azokuthokozela isivuno minyaka yonke, ngaphandle kokwenza izimfuno eziphezulu zokunakekelwa.
Umlando wokukhula kwamagilebhisi Amur
IVitis Amuretis, inhlobo yamagilebhisi asendulo, ikhula endle eChina, Korea naseMpumalanga Ekude ehlathini eliminyene, emithambekeni yezintaba, ezigodini zemifula. Ama-creepers afinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ubude ayakwazi ukubopha izihlahla, futhi, ezikhuphuka eziqongweni zazo, anikeze isitshalo ukukhanya. Amagilebhisi asinda ezimeni ezinzima anezimpawu zokuphakama kwesithwathwa futhi uyakwazi ukubekezelela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa ukufika ku-40 ° C.
Amagilebhisi e-Amur ePrimorye akhula ehlathini
Isithelo esiphakeme samagilebhisi ama-Amur nokukhuthazela kwaso kwaheha ukunakekela kwabafuyi. Ukuze kulinywe ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, i-I.V. I-Michurin idale ama-hybrids ngama-grower: iKorinku Michurin, i-Northern Black, i-Northern Blue nabanye. Kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1950s, umsebenzi wokusebenza wenziwa ekuhlobisweni kwe-Vras Amuretis ngokungenamkhawulo usosayensi wokukhetha uVolgograd u A. I. Potapenko. Wadala izinhlobo ngokunambitheka okuphezulu, ukumelana okuphelele kwezifo nokunakekelwa okungathathi ntweni: I-Amursky Potapenko 1 (2,3,4,5), Ukunqoba, i-Amursky Breakthrough, i-Neretinsky. Umzala wohlobo lwe-Ural F.I. UShatilov usungule iqoqo lezinhlobonhlobo ezisuselwa kumagilebhisi e-Amur angakwazi ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezinzima kakhulu, kudala akhula ezifundeni ezisenyakatho.
Izinhlobo zamagilebhisi zasendle zibolekisa ngokulima, uma zilawulwa kahle. Ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo kuncike ezimweni ezikhulayo, ngokuthena okunekhono, amajikijolo amagilebhisi we-Amur azoba makhulu futhi abe mnandi kakhulu.
Ividiyo: Amagilebhisi atshalwe e-Urals
Incazelo yezinhlobo zamagilebhisi zase-Amur
Lesi sitshalo sinokuhlukahluka; okungenani isitshalo esisodwa sowesilisa kufanele sitshalwe ezitshalweni ezimbili zesifazane esizeni. Kumagilebhisi asendle, izinhlobo zezinto ezi-bisexual nazo ziyatholakala.
Uma utshala izitshalo zesifazane kuphela, zizokhiqiza isivuno. Amajikijolo azoba mancane, angabi nazimbewu.
Izitshalo ziyaqhakaza ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izimbali eziphuzi zaseNondescript eziqoqwe kubhulashi zinephunga elimnandi futhi ziheha izinyosi. Amagilebhisi aqhakaza kakhulu, ama-inflorescence amaningana angakha ihlumela elilodwa.
Izimbali ezingaqondile zomvini weAmur zinephunga elimnandi
Amaqhugwane anomumo omncane onobucwebe obunamajikijolo ahlelwe kahle afinyelela kubude obuyi-15 cm. Amagilebhisi mancane, amnyama ngombala nge-tint eluhlaza. Isikhumba siminyene, inyama ilula ngombala futhi inambitheka kamnandi futhi omuncu. Amajikijolo angadliwa, iwayini lenziwa kuwo. Ukunambitheka kwezithelo kuthinteka ngokwakhiwa kwenhlabathi, i-acidity yayo kanye nomswakama. Imbewu yamagilebhisi inamafutha amaningi.
Amur amagilebhisi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka hue
Ubukhulu bomvini bungaba ngesandla somuntu. Amagxolo ayo amnyama onsundu, acwecwa yimichilo. Amahlamvu ngokuvamile anemibala emihlanu, enkulu, eluhlaza okotshani ngombala. Ekwindla bayashwabana. Amagilebhisi akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngonyaka ukukhula kungaba ngamamitha amathathu. Isitshalo esidala izithelo sizoqala eminyakeni eyi-6 kuye kwayi-8.
Amagilebhisi e-Amur angaluka uthango oluphezulu
Isikhathi esikhulayo samagilebhisi sifushane; siqala ku-t = 5 ° C (kusukela ekuqaleni noma maphakathi noMeyi). Ngo-Agasti, ukukhula kwamahlumela kuyaphela, isivuno sikhishwa ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba.
Amagilebhisi angamelana neqhwa aze afike ku-40 ° C, izimpande zawo zingaholi ngisho nasebusika obungenawo iqhwa. Amajikijolo ngemuva kwesithwathwa sokuqala siba mnandi kakhulu.
Muva nje, ososayensi bathole ukuthi amagilebhisi e-Amur ayisitshalo esibalulekile sokuphilisa. I-Callus, inhlanganisela yezicubu zokukhula ekugcineni kwemisiko, iqukethe inani elikhulu le-resveratrol yemvelo ye-antioxidant.
Izici zokuhlukahluka kwamagilebhisi e-Amur
Lokhu ukuhlukahluka okuthe xaxa, kusuka ehektheleni elilodwa ungabutha kuze kufike kumathani angama-80 amajikijolo. Akuklanyelwe ukutshala izimboni, yize njengebanga lobuchwepheshe kuzithethelela, kwenza kube newayini elihle.
Amagilebhisi angabekezeleleki azohlobisa isayithi futhi anikeze amajikijolo amnandi
- Inzuzo eyinhloko yezinhlobonhlobo ukumelana kwayo nesithwathwa okuphezulu. Ngaphandle kokukhosela, umvini osekhulile ungamelana neqhwa liye ku-40 ° C; amahlumela awesabi iqhwa lokuqala ekwindla. Amagilebhisi azizwa emuhle ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene.
- Isikhathi esifushane sokukhula sivumela amahlumela amasha womvini ukuba avuthwe ngaphambi kwesithwathwa.
- Isiko liyamelana nezifo nezinambuzane.
- Ikhasi elincane lamagilebhisi lisiza ukuthutha kwalo liye endaweni yokucutshungulwa.
- Amajikijolo angadliwa amasha futhi acutshungulwe.
- Amanani okukhula aphezulu enza kube lula ukwakha uthango kusuka kumagilebhisi. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa abaklami bemvelo ukudala i-pergolas, izindonga zemaski kanye uthango.
I-Mildew, i-Downy hlobo, ayinaso isikhathi sokukhula esitshalweni ngenxa yesikhathi sayo esifushane sokukhula. Amagilebhisi e-Amur anokuphikisana okuphakathi ne-phylloxera. Inkathazo ingalimaza uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo.
Izici zokutshala nokukhula kwezinhlobo zamagilebhisi e-Amursky
Le nhlobonhlobo yamagilebhisi ayizethembi. Ukwenza imisebenzi elula yezolimo ngeke kuthathe isikhathi esiningi, futhi amagilebhisi azokubonga ngesivuno esihle.
Ukuzala
Endle, amagilebhisi asakazeka kalula ngokubekwa kwezimbewu nangembewu, akha amathanga angangeneki. Ekhaya, ukukhulisa isitshalo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni akunakwenzeka, zinokuhluma okuphansi futhi kunzima ukuthola izithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ekusakazweni, kusetshenziselwa ukusika kanye nokubekeka izingqimba. Ama-cuttings anezilimo akahlali kahle, ngakho-ke asebenzisa ukusika okuluhlaza.
Ukhula lwengcindezi ngokusikwa
Izimbambo zivunwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sezimbali, lapho isitshalo sinezakhi eziningi ezifakwayo ekubambeni kwezimpawu. Banqunywa ekuseni amahora ngosuku olunamafu. Ukusikwa okuqondile kwenziwa ngaphansi kwe-node engezansi. Ukudutshulwa kufinyezwa ngenhla kwe-node engenhla, ipuleti leqabunga lisikwa ngu-3/4. Wonke ama-stepons asusiwe, izinso zihlala kuma-sinuses.
Izinso ezi-4-5 kufanele zihlale kusibambo
Ukudutshulwa kungasikwa kube isiqu uma, lapho igobile, i-bast (ungqimba olungaphezulu lwehlumela) iqala ukuqhekeka.
Amagatsha asikiwe abekwa esitsheni samanzi bese ebekwa endaweni epholile. Lapho kwakhiwa i-callus futhi izimpande zivela, isiqu siyatshalwa esitsheni nomhlaba ukuze sikhule. Ungasusa ngqo izingcezu ezingxenyeni zenhlabathi, ezihlanganiswe ngezingxenye ezilinganayo ze-humus, isihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi yengadi.
Ukubekwa
Kulula kakhulu ukusabalalisa amagilebhisi ngokugoqa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imifino efinyelela ku-12 cm ejulile idonswa phansi kwesihlahla, igcwele ngo-1/3 wenhlabathi evundile. Imivini ibekwa ezitolo zemifino, ihlanganiswe nezikhafu zokhuni futhi zimbozwe ngomhlaba. Lokhu kusebenza kunconywa ukuthi kwenziwe entwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Ukusuka kumvini owodwa ungathola izithombo eziningi eziqinile nezinempilo.
Ividiyo: indlela ethokozisayo yokukhulisa izithombo kusuka ku-cutways
Ukufakelwa
Amagilebhisi akhetha umhlabathi ompofu, oxegayo, one-acidic. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi, lesi sitshalo sitshalwa emseleni, emhlabathini osindayo obunzima ngokutholakala kwamanzi asemhlabathini, amagilebhisi atshalwa ezigodini. Ukuphakama kweraba kufanele okungenani kube ngu-80 cm, kuyalulekwa ukubeka indawo yokufaka amanzi engu-25 X 25 cm eduze kwayo.
Igalari yezithombe: ukutshala amagilebhisi kahle
- Ungatshala amagilebhisi odongeni oluseningizimu lwendlu
- Uma amanzi asemhlabathini ekude ebusweni, ungatshala amagilebhisi emseleni
- I-drainage tube izovumela ngokunisela isitshalo "ngaphansi kwempande"
Sikhetha indawo enelanga, efudunyezwe kahleko yokusithela. Ungatshala amagilebhisi ngaseningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga yendlu.
Simba umgodi ongu-70 x 70 x 70 cm, sibeka imisele ngaphansi - ungqimba lwezitini, amatshe amatshe, amatshe amatshe, isihlabathi ngesendlalelo okungenani esingu-10. Ukwenza lula ukunisela isitshalo esincanyana, kungakuhle ukubeka ibhodlela lepulasitiki eline-cut under noma ipayipi lamanzi emgodini. Ebusika ambozwe nge-polyethylene.
Sithela ungqimba lomhlaba edonsa, senze i-knoll, futhi kuso sibeka ngokucophelela isivuno se-engela. Phezulu kohlelo lwezimpande kufanele kube ngu-30 cm ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlaba. Gcwalisa isitshalo ngomhlaba ngomhlaba bese usinisela.
Ividiyo: ukutshala izithombo zamagilebhisi
Izihlahla
Ukuphina ngesikhathi kanye nokuthena ngesikhathi kuyadingeka uma sifuna ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamajikijolo asendle. Ngonyaka wokuqala yakha isihlahla esime ngenhliziyo, ishiye amahlumela amabili ayinhloko. Izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ngemuva kweshidi lesibili. Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, susa iziqongo ezakhiwe ngaphansi zezihlumela ezincane. Ngo-Okthoba, usike amahlumela, ushiye ama-3-4 efihlekile.
Ngonyaka wokuqala sakha isihlahla esimile ngokuthi "inhliziyo"
Ukuwa unyaka wesibili amahlumela amabili sikhetha umvini owodwa onamandla, sishiya ama-5-8 kuwo. Amahlumela asele ayasuswa.
Kuvuliwe unyaka wesithathu kwi-shoot ngayinye bashiya ihlumela elinamandla kunawo wonke, abasikwe ku-5-6 buds (umcibisholo wezithelo). Ngonyaka wesine, sizobe sesinesihlahla esidala, esilungele ukwenziwa izithelo.
Kuyalulekwa ukwakha indinganiso enamandla yeminyaka eminingi. Izinkuni ezindala zigcina ukunikezwa kwezakhi zomzimba futhi zakha amathambo aqinile.
Ividiyo: imivini yokuthena
Ukunisela
Izitshalo ezisencane kuze kube yiminyaka emibili ziniselwa kwisimo sezulu esomile esishisayo njalo nangolunye usuku; uma kupholile futhi kunetha, kwanele ukunisela kanye ngeviki. Izitshalo zabantu abadala azidingi kuniselwa. Ukuntuleka komswakama kwenza amajikijolo abe mnandi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Izitshalo ezincane eminyakeni emibili yokuqala azondli. Bese njalo ngonyaka entwasahlobo faka umanyolo we-organic (umquba wenkomo, umquba). Zibekwe emigqonyeni noma eduze kwesihlahla, ngaphandle kokumba, ibhakede elilodwa esihlahleni ngasinye.
Ekwindla, lesi sitshalo sifafazwa ngesisombululo somlotha ukulungisa lesi sitshalo ebusika. Faka usuku olungamalitha ama-2 umlotha kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, bese uhlunga. Ukufafaza ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi engeza isigamu selitha.
Ungafafaza amaqabunga wesitshalo ngomlotha ukuze uqede i-slugs. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile komlotha kungaholela ku-chlorosis ngenxa yezinkinga ukumuncwa kwe-nitrogen ngesitshalo.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane
Le nhlobonhlobo imelana nezilokazane nezifo, izindlela zokuvikela izifo ezifika ngesikhathi zivikela isitshalo.
- Ukwelashwa nge-phylloxera kuzosiza ukwelashwa nge-iron sulfate. Entwasahlobo ngemuva kokuvuka, lesi sitshalo sifafazwa ngesisombululo (300 g se-FA kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi). Eduzane nemivini kukhona izimbotshana ezimbiwe ezijule ngamasentimitha ayi-15 bese kuthathwa isixazululo kuwo (500 g LC nge-10 l lamanzi), kufakwa izimbotshana.
- Ukuvunwa nokushiswa kwamahlamvu amadala nemivini eyomile kuzosindisa uphawu olubi. Amabhasi angalashwa ngamalungiselelo aqukethe i-colloidal sulfure.
- Kusuka ezimhlophe, ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides - intavir, decis, kuzosiza.
Ukuze ungatheleleki isiza sakho nge-phylloxera, thenga izithombo kuphela kumthengisi onokwethenjelwa. Lesi sinambuzane asithuthukiswa kahle enhlabathini enkulu enobumba, ukukhiqizwa kwesimo esishubile kuyalimaza kuyo.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Esikhathini esisuka ku-Okthoba kuze kube nguNovemba, silungiselela isitshalo esincane ebusika. Sigobe phansi amahlumela asikiwe emhlabathini futhi simboze nge-spanbond, amagatsha e-spruce, amakhadibhodi ahlanganisiwe. Umvini omdala awudingi indawo yokukhosela. Kunconywa ukuthi ugcwalise umgodi ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngomhlaba.
Ukubuyekezwa
Izithelo zethu ze-Amur ehlobo elishisayo elinamajikijolo amnandi kakhulu, ezimvwini ezinemvula kakhulu. Kodwa-ke namanje sizokudla konke. Lapho nje lenziwe iwayini, ngalithanda. Kepha, ikakhulukazi, akufiki ewayinini). Into emnandi kakhulu yilapho ngimane ngichoboza amajikijolo ngembewu nangamakhasi noshukela kanye nembiza. Akude, indiza netiye ngezinsuku ezimbili. Umakhelwane wanikela nge-shank. Ngonyaka wesibili, ibhulashi lokuqala lalibi, alikholeki.
I-Alexandr97 (Moscow)//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/39679/page-4
Ilanga eliningi, amanzi amaningi (uthanda ukuphuza, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni), usuthisa omuncu, uyakuhlonipha, lokho kuyimfihlo yonke yempumelelo Yebo, akukho lutho oluyinkimbinkimbi, ukukhulula izimpande entwasahlobo, ukuthulula umanyolo nokuchitheka kahle. Futhi cishe ngoJuni, ngisakaza izipuni ezi-2 ze-citric acid ebhakedeni lamanzi ayi-10 futhi ngithululela khona lapho esiqwini. Ungavumela umhlabathi nge-peat, sawdust, amagxolo. Angikhumbuli ukuthi ngaphi, kepha ngifunde endaweni ethile ukuthi leli gilebhisi lithanda inhlabathi enama-acid.
I-Yana (iSt. Petersburg)//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/39679/page-3
Amajikijolo omvini we-Amur akhulu kancane kunamajikijolo amagilebhisi entombazane, ubukhulu obungamasentimitha, wombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onembewu. Ukuze uphuze iwayini, ungasebenzisa njengendlela yokwelapha - ubumnandi obungathandeki. Amagilebhisi e-Amur anokuhlukahluka, amahlamvu. Kodwa ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo akushintshi.
Helga (eMoscow)//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/39679/
Ngonyaka ophelile, entwasahlobo, ngatshala izithombo zomvini zase-Amur esakhiweni sami (ama-2 ama-pcs.) Ngazinakekela, zanisela ... Izithombo zazingakhuli kahle futhi zimangele lonke ihlobo. Ubusika ubamboza nje uma kungenzeka. Safika entwasahlobo, kepha namanje bayabanda. Hhayi umkhondo noma ihlumela. Ngikhafulela lapho. Futhi le ndawo yotshani, lapho izithombo zikhula khona, zanqunyelwa amahlandla ama-4 ngesithombo sotshani. Ngemuva kwalokho akafikanga inyanga (kahle, azange azigunde izinwele zakhe). Wabe eseza futhi futhi wanquma ukucheba uzungu notshani obugcwele kahle. Kungazelelwe ngiyabona ... Bah! Endaweni lapho kwakukhula khona izithombo zamagilebhisi - umvini oqinile futhi owakhiwe kahle, omude waleligilebhisi elinamahlamvu amaningi uyakhula!
I-Alvik Moscow//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/39679/
Ngaphansi kwamagilebhisi udinga umgodi oshaywe kahle futhi ofakwe insimbi engu-40 cm ngokujulile ngaphansi kofishi noma nje amatshe amnandi nje, bese kuba nesihlabathi, hay ngomquba obolile noma i-humus nomhlaba. Ezweni lomlando, amagilebhisi akhula ematsheni - marl - ngakho-ke igravel noma amatshe adingekayo. Isendlalelo ngasinye singama-5-7 cm, okusele kungumhlaba. Isesimweni esifanele - uthango luphezulu enyakatho, futhi konke kuvulekile elangeni kusuka eningizimu. Emthunzini, amaqabunga namagatsha ayoba buthaka futhi aqale ukulimala. Umanyolo wokufaka ama-currant kanye nezihlahlana ezinezithelo uzohamba (lapho utshala izipuni ezimbalwa emgodini) ugxobhoze izimpande ezimpandeni ... Ebusika, amagilebhisi acindezelwa ngokucophelela emhlabathini futhi ngaphansi kwekhava. Isithwathwa siyokuwa - ukulala ngaphezulu. Amagilebhisi ayefihlwe ubusika kuphela bokugcina, ngakho-ke awenzanga lutho - ayesaba ukugula futhi akukho okuhlangenwe nakho.
I-Mila (Yakutia)//forum.ykt.ru/viewmsg.jsp?id=9790957
Uthango oluhlaza oluqukethe isiphuzo esimnandi! Amagilebhisi aqine ebusika akhula yedwa. Isivuno esiphezulu, ukunambitheka okukhulu newayini elimangalisayo!
Ubuhle be-Yulechka//irecommend.ru/content/zelenyi-zabor-s-vkusneishim-desertom-zimostoikii-vinograd-kotoryi-apatet-sam-po-sebe-vysokii
Umbuzo kumagilebhisi we-Amur. Umvini usuvele mkhulu futhi unamandla. Kuthelwe. ULohse usevele uneminyaka emi-4 ubudala. Ngangihlala ngijabule ngaso sonke isikhathi ubusika. Kepha ukungabaza kuyangihlukumeza. Umvini omkhulu kangako akulula kangako ukuwususa ku-trellis nesembozo. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi ungavikeleli lamagilebhisi ebusika? Kuyabanda kakhulu ... Uma ngabe kuyi-Amur yangempela, khona-ke, kunzima, kodwa iziqhwaga ezinzima futhi azifani. Ama-amurets angavuka ekupheleni kobusika ngesikhathi sethayile, elineqhwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunethuba lokuthi imivini yomiswa ebusika kusuka umoya nesithwathwa, kulula ukusonga okuthile emoyeni ngaphandle kokususa imivini kwi-trellis. Kepha ukuhlolwa kuphela okungaphendula ngokuphelele umbuzo wobulukhuni basebusika!
Abahlali basehlobo (isifunda saseMoscow)//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=43751&st=0&p=1101140&
Amagilebhisi e-Amur atshalwe eminyakeni emithathu edlule - kusuka eBotanical Garden yaseMos State State University. Eminyakeni yethu yabafundi, sayidla ngoSepthemba - inephunga elimnandi, elinoshukela. Baze benza newayini. Amabhasi anamandla (ama-2 ama-pcs) agudliwe, angizange ngimboze, angizange ngikhumule ama-tapestries - sisinde kulobu busika obubandayo ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Qhakaza kakhulu ekupheleni kukaMeyi. Inkinga ukuthi ayikho i-ovary eyodwa. Ngifunde ukuthi i-Amur, kuvela ukuthi iyathandeka.
I-Listopad (Isifunda saseMoscow)//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=43751&st=0&p=1101140&
Amagilebhisi we-Wild Amur angatshalwa ngempumelelo ezakhiweni zomuntu uqobo ezifundeni ezinezimo zezulu ezihlukile. Eningizimu kungenzeka angakhululeki; Esifundeni SaseMoscow, eNyakatho Ntshonalanga, e-Urals naseSiberia, ngeke ahlobise ingadi kuphela, kodwa futhi uzokujabulisa ngamajikijolo amnandi.
