Ubuqili bukhula isithombo ngaphansi kwefilimu. Amathiphu, ukuhlwanyela nini futhi kanjani, kanjani ukunakekela izitshalo

I-Radish ibhekwa njengenye yezitshalo zokuqala zemifino. Ngokujwayelekile ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi ungakwazi ukuvuna isivuno sokuqala. Kodwa la magama asho ukufika endaweni evulekile.

Kodwa uma utshala isithombo ngaphansi kwefilimu, isivuno singalindelwa ngisho nangaphambili. Lesi sihloko sizokutshela uma kungcono ukutshala ama-radishes nokuthi ungabakhula kanjani.

Namuhla sizoxoxa ngezinzuzo nezingozi zokushukela kwesibhamu ngaphansi kwefilimu, umehluko wale ndlela kusuka kwabanye, kanye nokuthi nini nokuthi yikuphi izinga lokushisa ongaqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu.

Izici zale ndlela yokukhula

Ukutshala lezi zitshalo ezitshalweni ngaphansi kwefilimu kunezinombolo eziningi ezifanele ukukhuluma ngazo:

• kuhle ukukhetha izinhlobo zokukhula zakuqala;
• udinga ukunakekela ukukhanya okungeziwe, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo qinisekisa ukuthi imifino ayidluli;
• Lungisa inhlabathi efanele, ezoba ne-asidi engathathi hlangothi nazo zonke izici ezidingekayo nezinto.

Umehluko kwezinye izindlela

Umehluko omkhulu wokutshala ngaphansi kwefilimu yikhono lokuthola isitshalo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngenkathi ugcina zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo futhi unambitha isithombo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhemikhali. Ngokungafani ne-greenhouse, ikhava yefilimu ayidingi izimali ezinjalo zezimali.

Izinzuzo nokuqeda

Izinzuzo zenqubo zihlanganisa amaphuzu alandelayo:

• isivuno sokuqala;
• ngokukhetha kahle izinhlobo, izinkomba zokukhiqiza zingakhuphuka uma kuqhathaniswa nokulima emhlabathini ovulekile;
• Izimo ezikhulayo zingalawulwa noma okungenani zilungiswe;
• awukwazi ukwesaba izimo zezulu ezimbi;
• izinga lokuvuthwa kwezimpande izitshalo landa;
• ukunambitheka akulahlekile.

Kodwa-ke, ukufika ngaphansi kwefilimu kunezinselelo zayo:

• umswakama ophakeme kanye namazinga aphezulu okushisa aholela ekubukeni kwezinambuzane nezifo zendalo yemvelo;
• ukulimala kwesitshalo kungaba ngamagundane atholakalayo kusayithi.

Uzohlwanyela nini futhi ngukuphi ukushisa?

Isikhathi esanele sokutshala ama-radishes yisikhathi lapho umhlabathi ususwe ngamamitha ayisentimitha amathathu - lokhu kuyadingeka ukuhlwanyela imbewu. I-Radish iyisiko esingenqamuki, kodwa kuyadingeka ukuthi umoya uvuselele okungenani ama-degrees Celsius ama-5.

Nokho Imifino ingamelana namaqhwa amancane kuze kube yizi--2 degrees. Konke kuxhomeke ezimweni zezulu zesifunda esithile, kodwa ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia, izitshalo ziqala kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zikaMashi.

Usizo! Ukuze uthole isikhathi eside sokuvuna, udinga ukuhlwanyela imbewu kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo enesikhathi seviki elilodwa.

Yakha i-greenhouse kusengaphambili noma ikhava izitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile - yini ongayikhetha?

Konke kuncike ngobukhulu be-greenhouse yakho. Uma ubukhulu bakhulu ngokwanele futhi bekuvumela ukuba uhlwanyele kahle imbewu emibhedeni, khona-ke ungafaka ukushisa ngaphambi kokutshala. Kodwa-ke, uma izinga lokulima alinkulu kakhulu, kungcono ukuhlwanyela kuqala isithombo, bese ubeka kuphela ikhava yefilimu.

Izici zokutshala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo - ngo-Mashi no-Ephreli

Kulesi simo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inhlabathi kufanele ikhululiwe ekwindla. Inqubo yokulima emhlabathini udinga ukufaka ngokushesha umquba, futhi entwasahlobo ukwenza amaminerali amaningi futhi amaminerali. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo usuku olukhanyayo lusalokhu lufushane, kanti isithombo sidinga ukukhanya okuningi, ngakho-ke kufanele usebenzise ukukhanya okwengeziwe.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo yokutshala ama-radishes

Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene

Izinhlobo ezifanele kakhulu zezithombo zokuhlwanyela ku-greenhouse ziqala futhi zivuthwe. Ekukhuleni okuqala, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zifanele kakhulu ukushisa okushisa

• "I-Ultra Early Red";
• "I-F1 yezingane";
• "Izinsuku ezingu-18";
• "I-Firstborn F1".

Zonke lezi zinhlobo zilungele ukuqoqwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-20 ngemuva kokusuka kokuqala. Ngendlela imbewu ihlume ngaphansi kwefilimu ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4 kuphela.

Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala, kungcono ukunikeza okuthandayo:

• "Olubomvu Ekuqaleni";
• "Sishisa";
• "Celeste F1".

Isici esibalulekile ekukhethweni kwenhlamvu ubukhulu bawo. Ngokuba ukutshala okushisa ukushisa kunendawo efanele kakhulu imbewu enkulu, ububanzi bayo buyi-3.5 mm. Imbewu encane ifakwe kahle ekutshalweni emhlabathini ovulekile.

Uphi futhi ukuthi ungayithenga kangakanani imbewu?

Izindleko ezilinganiselwayo zizoboniswa eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg.

Izinto zembewu zingathengwa kunoma isiphi isitolo esikhethekile. Futhi manje ungakwenza ngaphandle kokushiya ikhaya lakho. Kunezitolo eziningi ze-intanethi, ochwepheshe bazo abazokusiza ekukhethweni, futhi umthumeli uzoletha lonke i-oda ekhaya lakho.

Intengo ejwayelekile ye-0.5 kilogram yembewu yaseMoscow ihlukahluka phakathi kwama-ruble angu-400-700, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo. E-St. Petersburg, amanani aphansi kakhulu futhi aqala ngamarubleki angama-300 amagremu angu-500 enzalo.

Ukulungiselela yokusungula kanye nembewu

Awekho amathuluzi akhethekile adingekayo kule nqubo. Kwanele ukuba ube nefosholo encane nebhakede lokunisela.

Kodwa imbewu idinga ukwelashwa ngaphambi. Kukhethiwe imbewu enkulu idinga ukungena kwisisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate isigamu sehora.

Ngakho-ke, i-agronomist izokwazi ukuqeda ama-pacifiers, ngoba imbewu enjalo iya phezulu. Khona-ke imbewu ihlanjululwa ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenzayo futhi yomisiwe. Wabe eseboshwe nge-gauze bese efakwa emanzini avamile ukuze ahambe. Emva kwakho konke lokhu, imbewu ilungele ukutshala.

Inqubo

Hlwanyela ama-radishes ngaphansi kwefilimu kanje:

1. Soil podpushivayut bese wenza amagrafu 2 amentimitha ajulile. Ibanga phakathi kwe-groove yi-1 decimeter.
2. Kulungiswe kahle.
3. Kufakwa ezindaweni ezincane zembewu ebangeni lama 2-3 cm.
4. Bese bahlwanyela imbewu ngendwangu encane yenhlabathi, mhlawumbe kufanele kube lula futhi ibe nesihlabathi.
5. Ngaphezulu kwakho udinga ukuthululela iqhwa elincane, okuyinto phakathi nesikhukhula kuzokwehlisa inhlabathi.
6. Khona-ke udinga ukusetha i-arc yokubhekisela ebangeni elingamamitha amahlanu ukusuka komunye nomunye futhi okufanayo ukubuyela emibhedeni.
7. Kufakwe kwifilimu yokucindezela kwe-arc, okumele ivikeleke kahle.

Ukunakekela izidakamizwa

Emva kokuhlwanyela, lawula inhlabathi umswakama, njengokwesikhumba se-substrate esomile sizokhula kancane kancane. Uma izinsuku ezishisayo sezifikile, unakekele ukuchelela nsuku zonke kwamanzi ahleliwe ahleliwe. Kungcono ukufeza le nqubo ekuseni.

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo akunakwenzeka ukuvimbela ukuqhuma kwamanzi nokubunjwa kwesibhakela emibhedeni. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu ezinsukwini zokugcina ngaphambi kokuvuna. Emva kokuphuza ngamunye umhlabathi kufanele ukhululiwe. Uma umoya ungahambisani kahle, kungaholela ekuqhekekeni kwezimpande.

Hlanganisa le nqubo ngokususwa kokhula. Futhi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-radishes ayikhuli kakhulu, Ngakho-ke, emva kokusuka kokuqala, izithombo kudingeka zidonswe ngendlela yokuthi ibanga eliphakathi kwawo lingamamitha angu-5 ububanzi.

Isimo esibalulekile sokukhula sikhanya. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, izithelo ziyoba zincane, futhi kuphela iziqongqo ezizokhula. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukutshala lesi sitshalo ezindaweni ezivulekile elangeni.

Ngokujwayelekile asikho isidingo sokudla, ngoba isikhathi sokuvuthwa sesithombo sincane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma umhlaba ubumpofu kakhulu, kufanele ukhule ngaphambi kokutshala. Kulokhu, isipuni se-nitrophobia sihlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi ahlanzekile. Lesi sombululo sanele ngamamitha ayi-2-3 square.

Izinkinga ezikhona kanye nesixazululo sabo

Ngokuvamile ama-agronomists abhekana nenkinga enjalo lapho izithombo zingabonakali isikhathi eside. Isizathu salokhu kungaba ukungabi nomswakama, izakhi ezisemhlabathini, kanye nokufunda okushisa okuphansi. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukondla inhlabathi kancane ngaphambi kokutshala futhi ugcine uhlelo olufanele lokunisela.

Izinambuzane nazo zingahlasela ama-radishes. Ngokuvamile ukuhlaselwa i-cruciferous flea. Ungakwazi ukulwa nalo ngezinto eziphilayo.

Geza isivuno ngesisombululo somlotha noma uthuli. Okukhulu kulokhu kanye ne-garlic tincture. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe izikhathi eziningana ngokulandelana. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukugcina izithombo zokuqala ezikhungweni, kungenjalo sonke isitshalo singabhubhisa.

Ukukhula kwesithombo ngaphansi kwefilimu akulula. Ngomzamo omncane futhi esichitha isikhathi esincane, i-agronomist izokwazi ukuthola isivuno sokuqala, futhi ingaqiniseka ngokuphelele ngekhwalithi nemvelo yesitshalo.