Kufanele nini izaqathi zihlume emva kokuhlwanyela futhi kungani lokhu kungenzeki? Yini okufanele uyenze kulesi simo?

Ngokuvamile inqubo elula yokutshala izaqathe ingaba ukwehluleka. Kungaba nezizathu eziningi lokhu, njengoba izaqathe ziphakathi kwalezo zitshalo ezithanda ukuhambisana nemithetho ethile - lokhu kufaka ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi efanele, ukukhethwa kwembewu ephezulu, nokulungiselela kwabo kwangaphambili.

Imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile futhi engasebenzi kakhulu izothuthukisa amathuba okudubula amaqathe kanye nokukhula okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sehlobo.

Kusukela esihlokweni uzofunda ukuthi kungani imbewu ingahluma noma ihlume isikhathi eside nokuthi kufanele yenzeni uma izitshalo ezikhulile ensimini emibhedeni ingahlali kahle futhi isikhathi esiningi sidlulile ekuhlwanyeleni imbewu, kodwa akukho mphumela nhlobo, isibonelo, emva kwenyanga, futhi Zikhona yini izixazululo zomuntu ukuthuthukisa isimo sezithombo?

Kuzoze kube nini ukulinda izithombo futhi kufanele sikhathazeke nini ngokungabikho kwazo?

Njengomthetho, amahlumela okuqala amaqathi avela ezinsukwini ezingu-10-30 emva kokutshala. Ukuhluka okukhulu ngaleyo sikhathi kubangelwa izici eziningi, okungukuthi:

• Ukutshala isikhathi izaqathe - isibonelo, izaqathe, ezitshalwe ngaphambi kobusika, ziyovuka ngokushesha kunezo ezitshalwe entwasahlobo. Lapho intwasahlobo ihlwanyela, kunezimpikiswano - ukuthi isanqante, esatshalwe ngoMeyi, iyoba ngokushesha kunanqanqana ka-April. Uma umboza imibhede isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokutshala, lokhu kuzothuthukisa umhlabathi futhi ukwandise amathuba okuhluma okusheshayo kwembewu.
• Uhlobo lomhlabathi - Umhlabathi okhanyayo, ovundile, ongenayo kanye nenhlabathi enesihlabathi unomthelela ekuhlumeni okusheshayo kwamaqathe.
• Umswakama ophansi - Inhlabathi eyaneleyo enomhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhle futhi okusheshayo isanqante amahlumela.
• Ingabe imbewu ilungisiwe? (ukuhamba, ukwelashwa ukukhula okukhuthazayo).
• Indawo yesimo sezulu - ezindaweni eziseningizimu, amahlumela okuqala ezinqotshwa angabonwa ezinsukwini ezingu-5-10, ezindaweni ezipholile, isikhathi sokuhluma singama-15-30.

Izimbangela zokungabikho noma amahlumela angavamile

1. Umhlabathi omuhle wekhwalithi - Ngokuvamile imbangela yokuhluma embi imbewu.
   • Okokuqala, mhlawumbe uhlobo lomhlabathi ngokwawo alufanelekile kakhulu ukuba izaqathe zikhule.
   • Okwesibili, inhlabathi ingahle ingalungiselelwe ngokwanele ukutshala.
   Ukulungiswa komhlaba kanye nokukhulelwa kufanele kwenziwe ekwindla, besebenzisa ikakhulukazi umquba eziphilayo. I-humus noma i-compost ebolile kahle, umquba omusha we-izaqathe akufanele neze.

   Ngaphezu kwalokho, isanqante iyayithanda inhlabathi ngobuningi be-acidity (izinga le-pH lika 5.5-7) - ngakho-ke, uma inhlabathi isicacile kakhulu, isikhombe singasetshenziselwa ukuyikhipha. Uma inhlabathi isindayo kakhulu, kufanele ixubane ne-peat, sawdust noma isihlabathi somfula.

   Ama-karoti ayithandi ukutshala endaweni efanayo iminyaka emithathu ngokulandelana. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukuba ushintshe ngezikhathi ezithile le ndawo, kuyilapho uhlonipha imithetho ethile - iklabishi, utamatisi, ukhukhamba, anyanisi, namazambane kuzoba yiziqhamuka ezinhle kakhulu zezaqathe. Lezo zindawo lapho izinyosi, i-dill, i-parsley, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, ama-parsnip, ne-cumin akufanelekile izaqathe azifanelekile izaqathe.

2. Imbewu engenamandla - ngeshwa, isizathu sokuntuleka kokuhluma kungaba sembewu ephansi. Kufanelekile ukuthenga imbewu ezindaweni ezikhethekile, ezisekelwe kahle. Njengomthetho, imbewu enjalo isilungele ukuhlwanyela, iphathwe izifo nezinambuzane.

   Uma imbewu ithengwa emakethe, ethathwe kubangani noma ikhulile ngokuzimela, kubalulekile ukufeza ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela (isibonelo, gwilisa imbewu enkombeni yamakhamronutrients, fakela isisombululo ngokhuni noma usetshenziselwe ukukhula). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isitoreji esingalungile sembewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela singabalimaza.

3. Ukungena ngokweqile noma okunganele ngokwanele - Uma imbewu itshalwe kakhulu, ingabangela ukuhluleka. Uma inhlabathi ingavamile, ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi kufanele iphuze, bese uhlwanyela imbewu ngokujula okungaphezu kuka-1 cm, ufafaza ama-humus noma isihlabathi phezulu. Ukuze ugweme ukwakheka kwe-crust ebusweni, umbhede ungahlanganiswa nefilimu. Uma imbewu itshalwa eduze kakhulu nomhlabathi, imvula yasentwasahlobo noma ehlobo ingasusa imbewu.
4. Izinambuzane - Entwasahlobo, hhayi izitshalo kuphela eziphapheme, kodwa futhi nezinambuzane ezidla ngokudla imbewu kanye namahlumela amancane, isibonelo, izintuthwane ezivamile.
5. Ukuntuleka kokuchelela - izaqathe njengenhlabathi enomanzi, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela kunconywa ukuthi uthele ngokwanele umbhede wensimu esizayo. Futhi, ukuze ulondoloze umswakama, ungasebenzisa ifilimu, ukumboza insimu ngemuva kokutshala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu iqukethe amafutha abalulekile avimbela amanzi ukungena kumagciwane. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kunconywa ukuba ulungiselele imbewu imbewu ngaphambi, noma uthenge imbewu esekucutshungulwe kakade.

Imfundo yesinyathelo-by-step: yini okufanele uyenze uma kungekho amahlumela?

Yini okufanele uyenze uma amahlumela engabonakali ngesikhathi esifanele futhi izaqathe azizange zikhule?

1. Ukugqoka okukhethekile - ngoba izaqathe kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungisa inhlabathi. Lokhu kungenziwa ekwindla ngokufaka imifino ephilayo emhlabathini bese uyiqamba ngokucophelela.

   Uma ukulungiswa kwekwindla kwakungenakwenziwa, noma akunakwenzeka ukufaka umquba womanyolo, umquba wamaminerali ungasetshenziswa - lokhu, 50 g we-nitrogen, 50 g we-potashi kanye no-40 g we-fosphate umquba kufanele uxutshwe ngemitha engu-1 engadini. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili emva kokutshala, ungaphinde ukondle ngokwengeziwe - lokhu kufanele usebenzise ingxube ye-potassium sulfate (1 tbsp.) Ne-azofoski (1 tbsp.), Okumele ichithe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.

2. Izimo zokunakekela okukhethekile - emva kokutshala, kubalulekile ukugwema ukuphuza ngesonto lokuqala, ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama, isanqante ivame ukuphuma. Yingakho ukuchelela imibhede kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, hhayi ngemuva.
3. Isembozo sokufika - emva kokutshala, ikakhulukazi uma kungenjalo mayelana nezindawo eziseningizimu, kutuswa ukusebenzisa ifilimu ukuzofihla imibhede - ngenxa yefilimu, imbewu izovikelwa kusuka efrijini, futhi umswakama uzohlala emhlabathini isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganisa impahla kuzosiza ukunciphisa ukukhula kokhula.

   Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukuthi akaphuzi futhi adubule izaqathe - ngakho kufanelekile ukuhlola isimo sombhede nsuku zonke ngemuva kokutshala, futhi ngokushesha nje lapho amahlumela okuqala evela, susa ifilimu.

4. Ukuphuza i-ammonia (i-folk remedy) - i-ammonia iyimanyolo e-nitrogenous, evame ukusetshenziswa njengomgqugquzeli wokukhula wezinqathe ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, kanye nendlela yokulawula izinambuzane. Isixazululo sokwelashwa kwemibhede silungiswa ngenani elilandelayo - 2 tbsp. l Amaminia angu-10 ammonia agxila ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi.

Uma ngempela akudingeki ukulinda amahlumela?

Uma emva kwezinsuku ezingu-30 amahlumela okuqala engabonakali, kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela futhi, ngenkathi uzama ukuqeda amaphutha, ukuze ungahlangabezane nenkinga efanayo futhi.

Ukuvimbela ukuphindaphindiwe

Uma kungakafiki ngoJuni 10-15, khona-ke ungaba nesikhathi sokutshala kabusha izaqathe, emva kokumba umbhede. Uma uhlela ukutshala izinhlobo zokuvuthwa ngasekupheleni, kuvunyelwe ukwenza ukutshala kokugcina ngoJuni 20-21.

Usuku lokuhlwanyela kamuva luzokhulisa amathuba okuhluma okuhle ngenxa yezici ezifana nomhlabathi ofudumayo, ukushisa okufudumala phakathi nosuku, ukwehla kwesanqante umsebenzi wokusebenza (uma ukutshala kabusha kwenzeka ngoJuni), okubangela ukulimala okubi kakhulu esivunweni esizayo.

Kufanelekile ukuqhuba imisebenzi ethile yokulungiselela, ikakhulukazi:

1. Nokhula imbewu engafanele - lokhu kudingeka bagcwalise ngamanzi afudumele bese ushiya amahora angu-10. Imbewu embi izohamba, futhi okuhle kuyohlala phansi.
2. Ukwengeza, ungakwazi ukulungisa imbewu - cwilisa amahora amaningana ngesisombululo nge-microfertilizers noma nesisombululo nge-ash ash. Ngemuva kokuthumba imbewu yomile futhi itshalwe. Futhi emini yokuhlwanyela, ungakwazi ukumane ugijime imbewu usuku olulodwa ngendwangu emanzi.
3. Ngaphambi kokutshala kufanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi iyanamanzi ngokwanele. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke kudingeka udinga ukuphuza, futhi emva kwalokho ukutshala imbewu.
4. Ngesikhathi sokufika kubalulekile ukukhumbula ngokujula okukhulu kokufika - 1 cm.
5. Uma isimo sezulu esishisayo singakaqali, ungafaka imibhede ngefilimu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo hlola isimo semibhede nsuku zonke ukuze ungaphuthelwa isikhathi lapho ifilimu kufanele isuswe.

Uma isanqante ithukuthele ukungabi khona kwamahlumela okuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda izizathu nokulungisa amaphutha okwenziwe ngesikhathi sokutshala kabusha. Ukunamathela ngokufanele kulezi zincomo kuzokwandisa amathuba okuphumelela futhi ujabulele ukuvuna izaqathe ekupheleni kwenkathi.