Izincoma lapho uzoncelisa umhlaba ngamazambane

Ngokungafani namanye amasiko amaningi, amazambane angenangqondo yokudla ngesikhathi sokukhula - ngoba ngalesi sikhathi, izinto eziwusizo ngeke zisanelisekile ngokwanele. Into esemqoka - ukukhetha umanyolo ofanele kahle empande lapho utshala.

Amazambane - enye yemifino evame kakhulu futhi eyintandokazi ezweni lethu. Nakuba ebonakala emasimini aseRashiya asanda kutholakala (ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-7) futhi akazange afanelwe ukuthanda abalimi, manje kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi akekho. Ukuze isivuno semifino esihlwabusayo sibe sempilo futhi sicebile, kubalulekile ukutshala ngezikhathi ezahlukene zamazinga amazambane okukhula. Lesi sihloko sichaza ngokuningiliziwe indlela yokutshala kahle amazambane ngokuvunwa okuhle.

Kungani inhlabathi idliwe?

Lesi sitshalo se-tuberiferous esingapheli somndeni waseSolanaceae siqeda ngamandla kakhulu izakhi ezisuka emhlabathini, ngoba izimpande zawo azithuthuki kakhulu, futhi izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhula ezinkulu.

Ngesikhathi futhi nini ukutshala nokuthi hlobo luni lomanyolo?

Yondla isiko ngezikhathi ezahlukene, ukuphishekela imigomo ethile ngomanyolo ngamunye.

Ngaphambi kokufika

Izitshalo ezenziwe ekulungiseni imibhede yamazambane zithuthukisa ukuhluma kwezilimo eziyizigaxa, ukusiza ukuthuthukisa uhlelo oluqinile lwezimpande, nokusheshisa ukukhula kwezitshalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunomsoco womuthi we-tuber womzali.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamazambane kuyadingeka ngobuningi obungaphezu kwesitshalo, ngoba akuzona zonke izakhi ezifinyelela ehlathini: ezinye ukhula ziqoqa ezinye umquba, ezinye zichitheka emhlabathini.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwamazambane ukuletha ekwindla nasentwasahlobo:

• Ekwindla - imitha ngayinye yesikwele sesayithi 6 amabhakede omquba omusha noma ama-humus, 30-35 g we-superphosphate, 15-20 g we-potassium sulfate. I-pereperet emifino entsha ebusika, i-superphosphate inikeza izakhi kancane kancane futhi izoba nesikhathi sokugaya emhlabathini.
• Entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukususa umswakama owedlule kusukela kwisayithi ngaphansi kwamazambane (ukwakha imigwaqo noma ukumba emigodini yokugeleza kwamanzi ngasemngceleni wayo) futhi unikeze nge nitrogen (equkethe inani elikhulu emquba).

Izinhlobonhlobo zokugqoka okwenziwa entwasahlobo:

• ibhakede lomquba, 20-30 g we-ammonium nitrate, i-potassium sulfate ne-nitrophoska;
• ibhakede lomquba, 50-60 g nitrophoska kanye nengilazi yomlotha;
• 10 kg we-manure, 20 g we-potassium sulfate kanye ne-ammonium nitrate, 30 g we-superphosphate ne-dolomite ufulawa ngokwemiyalo (kuye ngokuthi i-acidity yenhlabathi).

Ngakho-ke, umanyolo we-Organic ungenwa yizilokazane, ngakho-ke, ukufaka umquba kungenziwa kuphela ngamaminerali: ekwindla, ingxenye eyodwa ye-superphosphate kabili nezingxenye ezimbili ze-potassium sulphate, entwasahlobo - 3 kg we-NPK ngamakhulu.

Lapho ufika

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha umanyolo ofanele uma utshala, ngoba isivuno sincike ngobuningi babo kanye nekhwalithi. Yenza kube yimfuneko emithonjeni, kodwa hhayi kulo lonke isayithi, izitshalo zizothola inani eliphakeme lezakhi.

Amanyolo ayadingeka (inani ngalinye kahle):

• umquba obolile - 200-250 g, ungasetshenziswa nge-dresseral mining;
• Isixazululo somquba wezinkukhu (esilungiselwe ngesilinganiso esingu-1:15, 1 l senezelwa emthonjeni);
• imfucumfucu yemifino - isigamu sebheyi ngalunye kahle, ibeke ngaphansi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa futhi phezu kwazo, ungenza nge-dresseral mining;
• umlotha okhuni 150-200 g, awukwazi ukuxubana namanye amafomu;
• izimila ezimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi - amazambane e-Kemira (15-20 g isitshalo ngasinye), i-nitrophoska (20 g ngomthombo ngamunye).

Ukufaka umquba emgodini: imiyalelo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Ungatshala amazambane ngesandla noma usebenzise umlimi we-tiller / okhethekile. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zokutshala ngaphambilini zahluma.

1. Hlanganisa phansi ngemfoloko noma u-Ploskorez Fokin, uphakamisa izingqimba zenhlabathi, kodwa ungawaphenduli. Kunamanzi amaningi.
2. Ukukhulula inhlabathi nge-rally kuya ku-5-7 cm, ukulinganisa ubuso nokuqhekeka.
3. Maka indawo encambo, ugcine ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa ka-70 cm.
4. Yenza imithombo ibe yi-10 cm ekujuleni kwe-20-30 cm.
5. Faka umanyolo obalulekile emgodini, uchithe umhlaba.
6. Faka emgodini ngamunye kwi-tuber ehluma.
7. Izimbobo zimbozwe umhlaba futhi ubuso buncike.

Ngemuva kokuhluma

Ngemuva kokuhluma nokufinyelela ukuphakama kwama-20-30 cm, amazambane avuliwe. Ukuze wenze inqubo ewusizo kakhulu, udinga ukondla isitshalo phambi kwayo.

Ungasebenzisa umquba wezinkukhu:

1. Thela ingxenye eyodwa yelitha ngezinxenye ezingu-15 zamanzi.
2. Vumela ukuphuza amahora angu-24.
3. Yondla inani elingu-1 l ehlathini emva kokuchelela okuningi.

Umanyolo ofanelekayo nowamaminerali:

1. Dissolve 20 g we-urea ibhakede lamanzi.
2. Thela amazambane ngaphansi komsuka (1 l isitshalo ngasinye).

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani amazambane ngesikhathi nangemva kokutshala emgodini, funda lapha, futhi kulesi sihloko uzothola izincomo ezengeziwe mayelana nesicelo somanyolo kulezi zikhathi.

Ngaphambi kwezimbali

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kukusheshisa ukukhula kwamahlamvu, kunezela izakhi emhlabathini ngokubuyisela izitshalo esivele zidliwe, kwandisa ukumelana namazambane okulimazayo okwesikhashana, isikhumba kanye nezinye izifo.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, akufanele wenze umanyolo we-nitrogen, ngaphandle kwalokho ungathola iziqongo ezinamandla nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezincane.

I-potassium ne-phosphorus kuyadingeka ukuze isitshalo singakafiki.:

• 20 g we-potassium sulfate, i-60 g yomlotha ebhakede lamanzi;
• 60 g we-superphosphate ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi.

Inani elidingekayo lomanyolo lisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwempande.

Umsuka nezindlela ze-foliar

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwempande ne-foliar (kumaqabunga) ukondla amazambane, ngoba banezinhloso ezahlukene kanye nemigomo yesicelo ehlukile.

Umanyolo emmpandeni waxoxwa ngokwanele ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, ngakho-ke, sizohlala ngokuningiliziwe mayelana nokubunjwa kanye nezici zokugqoka okuwusizo. Umanyolo wenziwa ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlamvu kanye nezimbali..

Foliar

Kubalulekile ukuhlela ukufaka umanyolo wesitshalo nge-fertilizer elandelayo:

• isipuni se-ammonium nitrate ne-potassium chloride;
• isipuni se-superphosphate;
• ingxenye yesine ye-isipuni sulfal sulfate ekuvimbeleni izifo ze-fungal.

Faka isicelo semanyolo elungele kanje:

1. Zonke izingxenye zichitheka emanzini afudumele ngenani lamalitha ayi-10, ukuphikelela amahora amathathu.
2. Yengeza elinye ilitha lamanzi alithulule bese uyidlulisela ebhodleleni le-spray.
3. Sula amazambane phezu kwamaqabunga.

Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwezilimo eziyizigaxa bafaka amazambane:

• i-manganese (ithuthukisa ukunambitheka kwamazambane);
• boron (kwandisa ubukhulu bezilimo eziyizigaxa).

Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile we-granulated "Mag-Bor":

1. Ebhakede lamanzi qeda isipuni se-granules.
2. Hlanganisa kahle.
3. Hlanganisa isihlahla samazambane ngemuva kokwakheka okuphelele kwamaqabunga ngesilinganiso sama-10 amalitha esisombululo ngamamitha amathathu² ukuthutha.

Uma wenza umquba we-foliar kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho ethile:

• Kungenzeka ukuthi uphefute ngesimo sezulu esinesibhakabhaka ukuze ugweme ukushiswa kwamaqabunga amanzi;
• ukucubungula izitshalo ezikhulile kuphela, ngoba indawo yamaqabunga amaqabunga anokwengeziwe, futhi ubukhulu beshidi - buncane;
• ukondla izinhlobo zakuqala kaningi, njengoba zisabela ngokunamandla ekutheni ukudla okunomsoco.

Ngemuva kokuvuna

I-Potato yisitshalo esithatha izakhi eziningi emhlabathini.. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintshaniswa kwezitshalo ngokuphathelene naye ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka, ngakho-ke emva kokuvuna kuyadingeka ukubuyisela ukukhiqiza kwensimu ngokutshalwa kwekusasa. Ngoba lezi zitshalo zitshalo zitshalwe.

I-mustard yayizoba umquba ohlaza okwakhiwa kulokhu kwezitshalo. Ukwandisa isisindo semifino emasontweni amathathu nje. Lapho ama-frosts efika, amahlumela emasinta azowa phansi, kanti entwasahlobo angabekwa emhlabathini njengomanyolo.

Isiphetho

Amazambane akhule ezweni lonke lethu. Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi nesimo sezulu sokutshala amazambane ezindaweni ezahlukene kuhlukile. Akukhona yonke indawo izimo ezikhululekile kumasiko.. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwama-fertilizer, kokubili amaminerali kanye nama-organic, kuzovumela ukuthola isivuno esikhulu kuzo zonke izifunda lapho le mifino enomsoco ikhule khona.