Iklabishi ingenye yezitshalo ezidumile kakhulu zemifino, engatholakala cishe engadini yonke, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu olawula izitshalo ezicebile nezinga eliphezulu. Kulesi sihloko sizokwazi ukulimala kahle iklabishi omhlophe, nemithetho yokutshala nokuyibeka emhlabathini ovulekile.
Incazelo emfushane nezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu
Iklabishi imifino eneminyaka emibili yemindeni yesitshalo esiphambanayo. Amaqabunga awo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anamathele eduze komunye nomunye bese enza inhloko eyindilinga. Iklabishi elimhlophe liqukethe amaminerali amaningi nama-vithamini.
Kuze kube manje, izwe lethu likhulile inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zemifino, kodwa ngithanda ukuphawula izinhlobo ezilandelayo: Avak F1, Dita, Olympus, Sonya F1, Delta, Meridor F1, "I-Snow White", "I-Kitano Line". 
Uyazi? Iklabishi idliwe eminyakeni engama-4 000 edlule eGibhithe lasendulo.
Imbewu yokutshala izithombo
Ukuze uthole izithombo ezinamandla futhi ezinempilo udinga ukwazi ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani imbewu enhle nokuthi ungahlwanyela kanjani ngendlela efanele.
Ukukhethwa kwembewu nokulungiswa kwe-substrate
Ukukhetha kwakho imbewu kuyonquma ukuthi yisiphi isitshalo otholayo. Lapho ukhetha imbewu yezithombo, kudingeka uthathe isinqumo sokuthi yini oyidinga iklabishi emhlophe - ngaphambi kokuqala kanye namanzi ama saladi amasha ehlobo noma ukugcina isikhathi eside sokugcina isitoreji sasebusika: lokhu kuyisinqumo esiyinhloko sokukhethwa.
Uyazi? Inhloko enkulu kunazo zonke iklabishi omhlophe yayinesisindo esingama-57.6 kg.Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kubalulekile ukulungiselela isisekelo esifanele sezithombo ezizayo. Ungathenga i-substrate yonke indawo esitolo noma uzenzele yona: ngoba lokhu udinga ukuxuba izingxenye ezilinganayo zenhlabathi ye-turf ne-humus, bese ufaka indebe eyodwa yomlotha nge-10 kg yenhlanganisela yenhlabathi. I-ash isebenza njengomthombo wezinto ezidingekayo futhi njenge-agent ye-prophylactic yomlenze omnyama.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ulungiselela i-substrate, akudingeki ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukuthi kusetshenziswe umhlaba kusukela esakhiweni lapho iklabishi noma ezinye izitshalo ezisemthonjeni zikhule khona.
Ukuhlwanyela
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu kufanele ukufutheka ukwandisa ukuphikiswa kwesifo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu iqala ukufutheka imizuzu engu-15 emanzini afudumele afike ku-55 ° C, bese igxila emanzini abandayo imizuzu engu-4.
Ngemuva kokuqina, imbewu kumele ibhapathizwe amahora ambalwa ekuvuseleleni ukukhula - kungaba "ukuthobeka" noma okunye okunye. Ezinye izinhlobo azikwazi ukuncibilikiswa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi ufunda imiyalo emaphaketheni.
Lapho imbewu ilungile, kudingeka ibekwe emhlabathini kuya ku-1-1.5 cm ngokujulile kanye namanzi kanye - ukuchelela okulandelayo kuyenzeka ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela. Ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama, inhlabathi kufanele ihlanganiswe nefilimu. Ukugcina imbewu kuze kufike ukuhluma kufanele kube ekushiseni kwe-18 ° C kuya ku-22 ° C.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Imbewu yehlumela iqala ngokujwayelekile ezinsukwini ezingu-5. Ngemuva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukususa i-film ye-coating bese unciphisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-5-10 ° C. Ngemuva kokuthi ishidi eligcwele eliphelele livele, izinga lokushisa kufanele liphakanyiswe ku-15-18 ° С ngesikhathi sosuku futhi + 5-10 ° С - ebusuku. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izithombo zidinga ekuthumeni, kodwa kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ayikho imidwebo ephazamisa isitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithombo zidinga ukukhanya okungaphezulu kwamahora angu-12. Ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye, umhlabathi kufanele ukhululeke kancane ukuze ugweme ukuma noma ukususa.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7 emva kokuhluma, izithombo kufanele zithelwe ngekhambi le-manganese ku-3 g we-potassium permanganate kuya ku-10 amalitha amanzi.
Ukutshala iklabishi omhlophe emhlabathini ovulekile
Lapho izithombo sezikhulile kakade, sekuyisikhathi sokuzifakisela embhede wensimu. Kodwa-ke, lo mbuzo uphumela ngokushesha ukuthi ungatshala kanjani iklabishi endaweni evulekile, ukuze uqinisekise izinga lokusinda okuphezulu kanye nokukhula okusheshayo. 
Njengomthetho, izithombo zemifino zitshalwe endaweni engapheli lapho ama-frosts asevele abuyela emuva. Kunconywa ukuba ukhethe usuku olumnyama ukuze ukushisa kungathinti amaqabunga omuthi wesitshalo. Umbhede lapho izitshalo zizokhula khona kufanele uhlukaniswe ngemigqa ngemigodi 50x50 cm.
Umhlabathi kufanele ube semhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala, bese wenza umgodi ongashintshi bese ubeka izithombo ngokucophelela, uzijulise ekhiqiza langempela. Ngemuva kwalokho, kubalulekile ukucubungula inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu kanye nezimpande. Uma kunesidingo, shake insimu ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini bese kuthuthukisa ukusinda.
Kubalulekile! Uma unquma ukutshala izithombo ezihlukahlukene zokuvuthwa, kungcono ukutshala iklabishi kuqala. Ezinsukwini ezingu-14 kuphela emva kwalokhu, qalisa ukufika kwe-mid-season. Kodwa izithombo zezitshalo zeklabishi eledlule zibeke eceleni - kufanele zitshalwe izinsuku ezingu-30 kuphela emva kokutshala ekuqaleni.
Ukulima
Ngemuva kokuba izitshalo sezifakelwe kabusha, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukunakekela iklabishi endle. Kubalulekile ukunamathela embusweni wokunisela, ukondla, ukondla izinambuzane nezifo.
Indlela yokuphuza
Udinga ukuphuza izithombo kusihlwa: uma isimo sesimo sezulu sinamafu, ukuphuza kuyakwenziwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyisihlanu; uma ukushisa kugcina isikhathi eside, khona-ke kudingeka udle amanzi ezinsukwini ezimbili. Ngemuva kokuphuza, qiniseka ukuthi ukhulula phansi bese uhlunga izithombo.
Abalimi abaningi batusa ukunciphisa, okusiza ukugcina umswakama. Uhlobo luhle kumathamini, izinkuni zezinkuni, kahle, okukhethwa kukho okungahle kube yi-peat - akugcini nje ukugcina umswakama, kodwa futhi kuyondla isitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Ubuningi bokuthungatha umbhede akumele kube ngaphansi kwe-5 cm ubukhulu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Emasontweni owodwa nesigamu emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo emhlabathini ovulekile, izitshalo zeklabishi omhlophe kufanele zikhule. Kulokhu, ingxube ye-2 g ye-fertilizer-based based fertilizer, i-3 g ye-superphosphates, i-3 g ye-nitrate ifanelekile - konke lokhu kungaqedwa ku-litre lamanzi: le mali inganele izithombo ezingu-50. Ukudla kwesibili kwenziwa ezinsukwini ezingu-12-14. Izithako zomanyolo zifana, kodwa kuphela umthamo wazo uphindwe kabili.
Uma ungenalo ithuba lokuzilungiselela uqobo, ungavele uthenge umanyolo weklabishi esitolo sezolimo. Lapho amaqabunga eqala ukukhula ngenkuthalo, kunconywa ukuthi ugeze isitshalo ngokulungiselela u-10 g we-saltpeter ibhakede lamanzi ngalunye: ukuchelela nalesi siphundu kulandela ukubalwa kwamalitha angu-2 nge-sapling ngayinye.
Ukugqoka okulandelayo kuyenzeka uma ubeka ikhanda - lokhu kuzodinga:
- urea - 5 g;
- superphosphate kabili - 6 g;
- i-potassium sulfate - 9 g
- Faka konke lokhu ku-15 amalitha amanzi (amanzi anezibalo ezifanayo njengokugqoka kwangaphambili).
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala kokushisa iklabishi, umanyolo wenziwa ngokushesha emva kokuchelela.
Izindlela zokuzivikela ezifweni nasezinambuzane
Iklabishi elimhlophe, njengeminye imifino eminingi, ijwayele izifo futhi ihlaselwe yizifo eziphuzayo. Ukuze ungaphathi imifino ngezinyosi eziyingozi, kungcono ukufeza ukuvimbela.
Iqukethe ekunakekeleni okufanele kanye nokucubungula ngesikhathi esifanele kwemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo. Ukuze uvikele imifino ekukhunjweni kwezimpande nemilenze emnyama, izithombo ziphathwa ngosizo lwe "Trikhodermin" noma "Rizoplanoma": kufanele zilethwe, ngokulandela imiyalelo. Ukwelashwa ngalezi zidakamizwa kudala ukuvikelwa emzimbeni ngokumelene nama-bacteria abangela izifo.
Ukuze uvikele emelene ne-cruciferous flea ne-slugs, kunconywa ukuba ufafaze izithombo ngenhlanganisela yomlotha kanye nogwayi ogqamile. Ungaphinde uphathe isitshalo "Intavir".
Inkathazo ejwayelekile kakhulu bugiferous bug. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukubhubhisa ukhula olunjengendoda endala, isikhwama somalusi, isikhwama somhlabathi, insimu yasensimini, inzalo ye-borage.
Ngaphambi kokwenza iklabishi, kubalulekile ukuphatha "Aktellik" noma "Phosbecid".
Kubalulekile! Kungenzeka ukwelapha iklabishi ngezinambuzane ngaphambi kokubonakala kwenhloko iklabishi.
Ukuvuna
Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokuvuna kufanele ayeke ukuchelela - lokhu kunomthelela ekuqongeni kwe-fiber, okuzokwenza ngcono ukugcinwa kwemifino. Kubalulekile ukuhlanza iklabishi kanye ne-rhizome, ngakho kufanele ihlungwe - ama-cabbages abonakaliswe yizidumbu nezifo kungcono ukudliwa noma kuvunywe.
Imifino efanelekile yokugcina kufanele yomiswe izinsuku eziningana. Ngemuva kwaloko, impande iyakunqunywa, ishiya isiqu ngezinhlamvu ezimbalwa, bese ibeka isitoreji esiqandisini noma phansi.
Iklabishi iyitshalo eguquguqukayo futhi ewusizo kakhulu, phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi - eBrussels, eBeijing, e-broccoli, e-kale, pak choi, embala, obomvu, eSavoy, e-kohlrabi - wonke umuntu uzothola imifino ekunambeni kwakhe.Ezingeni lezimboni nasemasimini amateur, umuntu angathola izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zeklabishi. Iklabishi elimhlophe yilona ethandwa kakhulu: ukukhula nokulinakekela endle kuyinkqubo enzima, kodwa ngenxa yalokho uzothola isivuno esicebile nesiphakeme.
