Izinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi "Tolstoy F1" zithandwa ngabantu abalimi bemifino ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo nokuvunwa okuphezulu. Izithelo zawo zikhanyayo, zinkulu futhi zinambitha kakhulu.
Esihlokweni sethu sizohlala phezu kwencazelo kanye nezici zalezi zihlukahlukene, futhi sikutshele indlela yokutshala ngendlela efanele ukuze kuvune isivuno esicebile.
Ukubukeka kanye nencazelo yezinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala
Utamatisi ezihlukahlukene "Tolstoy F1" - isizukulwane sokuqala sesi-hybrid. Ikhulile ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasensimini, ivumela isivuno esihle kuzo zombili izimo.
Uyazi? Umsuka wegama elithi "utamatisi" uvela e-"pomo d'oro" yase-Italy ("i-apple yegolide"). Ama-Aztec ayibiza ngokuthi "utamatisi", eFulentshi owaguqulwa waba "utamatisi" (utamatisi).
Utamatisi "Tolstoy" ubude ngokwanele, izihlahla zalo zikhula kuze kube ngu-130 cm, zakha inani elivamile lemvelo. Inkathi kusukela ekubukeni kwamahlumela okuqala ekuvuthweni kwemifino kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-110-115. I-inflorescence ngayinye yesitshalo inikeza amabhulashi amabili. Ngesinye isihlahla 12-13 amabhulashi akhiwa, okuyinto ekhula kusuka 6 kuya 12 izithelo.
Utamatisi we-Tolstoy unikeza izithelo ezinomsoco ezinemibala ebomvu enomfutho obomvu nomfaniswano omuhle kakhulu, isisindo saso sihlukahluka kusuka ku-80 kuya kwezingu-120 g. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, akusiqhekeki, kanti utamatisi ongavuthiwe osuswe egatsheni angagcinwa isikhathi eside. Isihlahla esisodwa singakwazi ukukhiqiza u-3 kg utamatisi.
Ungathola ukuthi utamatisi "Tolstoy F1" ubonakala kanjani ngokubuka isithombe esihlahleni salesi sitshalo, kanye nokufunda ividiyo ewusizo:
I-Agrotechnology
"I-Tolstoy F1" ikhulile isebenzisa izithombo. Ukuhlwanyela kwembewu kwenzeka ngo-Mashi - ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, futhi ukufakelwa kwezihlahla zibe yi-greenhouse noma umhlabathi kwenzeka kusukela maphakathi no-May kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Juni.
Izithombo zokuhlwanyela nokukhula
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhetha inhlabathi engxenyeni ye-peat kanye nenhlabathi yezitshalo ngokufaka umhlabathi wesihlabathi noma i-vermiculite. Imbewu kumele inqunywe ngesixazululo se-peroxide noma i-potassium permanganate.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, kunconywa imbewu ukuhlola ukuhluma. Ukwenza lokhu, kumele kufakwe esitsheni ngamanzi usawoti. Ukuhlola ukudlula lezo zimbewu ezigoba phansi emva kwemizuzu engu-1-2.Imbewu elungiselelwe futhi eyomile ihlwanyelwa ezimbizeni ezihlukene ngamanzi amabili. Ngakho-ke kudingeka ufefaze amanzi amaningi afudumele futhi umboze nge-foil. Ukushisa okungcono kokuhluma kungu -25 ° C. Ngemuva kokuhluma, izithombo kufanele zithuthelwe endaweni ekhanyayo: efasiteleni lewindi elibhekene nefasitela eliseningizimu, ukukhanya kwelanga, noma izibani zamandla kagesi ezinamandla. Ukuze ukuthuthukiswa okufanako kwezitshalo zommbila nezithombo zidingeke ziphenduke njalo.
Ukunisela okulinganiselwe Kunconywa izitshalo ezincane, futhi inhlabathi idinga ukukhululwa ngokucophelela.Ukufika emhlabathini
Uma utshala utamatisi endaweni evulekile yokutshala, udinga ukuthatha indawo enelanga ngehlabathi loamy. Ukwengeza, ungakwazi ukwengeza umanyolo ophilayo.
Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, izitshalo zidinga ukuba zinzima. Emasontweni amabili, izithombo zivezwa emoyeni ovulekile, kancane kancane zandisa isikhathi esichitha emgwaqweni.
Utamatisi "Tolstoy" watshala, ugcine ibanga elingama-30-40 cm emkhatsini wehlathi bese ushiya ama-wide aisles. Ukuze uvikele izilokazane futhi ugcine izinga elidingekayo lomswakama, kunconywa ukuthi ungeze i-peat enhlabathini.
Ezinsukwini ezingu-4-5 zokuqala emva kokufakelwa, izithombo kufanele zimbozwe nge-plastic plastic. Izihlahla zidinga ukuphuza okwesikhashana ngaphandle kokuswakama okunamandla emhlabathini. Ukuze uthuthukise ukungcoliswa, amaqabunga aphansi kufanele asuswe emahlathini.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Utamatisi "Leo Tolstoy" akathinteki ngezifo ngezifo, kodwa ezinye izifo ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile zensimbi azikwazi ukukhishwa ngokuphelele: i-fusarium, ukulimala okuphuzile, ukubola kwempunga. Ukuze kuvikelwe, inhlabathi ingasetshenziswa nge-disinfected ngekhambi le-potassium permanganate noma i-sulphate yethusi.
Ukuze uvimbele ukulimala okuphelile kanye nemilenze emnyama, emhlabathini phakathi kwemigqa ihlanganiswe ne-peat noma utshani. Ngezifo ze-fungal, fundiza amahlumela ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Uma isitshalo esinesifo sitholakele, kufanele sichithwe ngokushesha ukuze sigweme ukutheleleka kokunye. Ukwelashwa kokuqala kunciphisa ingozi yesifo se-utamatisi okungenani.
Utamatisi weTolstoy ungonakaliswa izinambuzane ezinambuzane: i-aphid, i-whitefly, i-thrips, izibungu zesicabucabu. Emhlabathini ovulekile, izitshalo zisongelwa yizimbali zaseColorado kanye nebhere.
Lahla ama-thrips nama-aphid azosiza decoction of umhlonyane noma ikhasi le-anyanisi. Ngokubonakala kwe-slugs kanye nezibungu zamabhungane, isixazululo esinomsoco se-ammonia siyasiza. Isibungu se-spider sichithwa nama-insecticide. 
Kubalulekile! Uma ukwelapha amalungiselelo enobuthi, akufanele avunyelwe ukushaya ubuso bomhlabathi, izimbali nezithelo.
Ukunakekela utamatisi we-hybrid endaweni yokushisa
Izithombo ezikhulayo nazo zingenzeka ezimweni zokushisa. Ngoba lokhu kuphuma endaweni ekhanyisiwe. Inzuzo eyengeziwe izoba ukuthambisa okuzenzekelayo, okuyinto ngokuphelele moisturizes inhlabathi. Lesi sitshalo sitshalwe endaweni engunaphakade emva kokuba sibe nama-2-3 amaqabunga amaqabunga kanye ne-first brush flower.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Kwezinye izindawo, ukutshalwa kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo utamatisi kuvunyelwe kuphela ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Okokuqala udinga ukulungisa umhlabathi. Akunconywa ukutshala isitshalo emhlabathini owawusetshenziselwa upelepele, isitshalo seqanda noma amazambane. Kulesi simo, kukhona amathuba amakhulu okutheleleka kwenhlabathi.
I-predestessor of utamatisi "oqinile F1" yimifino, imifino impande kanye iklabishi. I-greenhouse igcwele umhlabathi wobumba ngokufakwa kwe-peat noma i-sawdust, ngesilinganiso samabhakede amathathu ngehora elilodwa lesikwele. m. Ngemuva kokuthi kufanele wengezwe umanyolo wamaminerali. 
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Utamatisi "Tolstoy" ingahlwanyelwa emigqeni noma iphethini lokuhlola, ugcine ibanga eliphakathi kwehlasi lika-50-60 cm. Ukwakhiwa kwehlathi kuyenziwe ngeziqu ezingu-1-2. Amasonto amabili okuqala adinga ukuchelela okuningi, khona-ke kumele kuncishiswe ukuba ibe ngumthelela. Amanzi utamatisi kufanele abe empande, ungavumeli umswakama esitshalweni. Ukushisa ku-greenhouse akumele kudlule imingcele ye-18 ... +30 ° ะก.
Uyazi? Utamatisi kuqala wafika eYurophu maphakathi nekhulu le-XVI futhi azibonakaliswa njengezidliwayo isikhathi eside. Abalimi bezitshalo babezisebenzisa njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa ezingavamile.
Izimo ze-fructification esiphezulu
Ukuze utamatisi "Tolstoy" ulethe isivuno esiphezulu, udinga ukwazi eminye imininingwane yokulima kwawo:
- Lezi zihlukahlukene zihlukaniswa ukuthi iqeda ngokushesha zonke izakhi ezisuka emhlabathini, ngakho-ke, kanye ngesonto noma ezimbili, utamatisi kufanele udliwe usebenzisa ama-fertilizer anamanzi.
- Ukuze kukhishwe ukushisa kwelanga kusitshalo, ukuchelela nokufaka umquba kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni.
- Endabeni yokutshala utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa, kufanele kuqhutshwe njalo ukuze kuqedwe umswakama owedlulele.
- Ngaphansi kwama-racemes avuthiwe, kuyadingeka ukukhipha amaqabunga, kodwa kungabi ngaphezu kwamaphepha amathathu ngesonto kusuka kwesitshalo esisodwa.
- Ukuze ungalokothi ulahlekelwe isitshalo, kunconywa ukuthi ususe izingane zokutholwa ezihlahleni.
Ukukhiqiza Okuphezulu: Amathiphu Okucubungula Izithelo
Ngokuvuthwa okuhle, izithelo zisuswa zonke izinsuku ezingu-4-5. Utamatisi omncane angagcinwa kahle isikhathi eside, futhi utamatisi ovuthiwe awunqamuki futhi ulondoloze ukubukeka okuvuthiwe, okukhangayo. Ukuhlunga utamatisi okukhiqizwa yizinga lokuvuthwa. Isitoreji senziwa ezindaweni ezivaliwe.
Utamatisi "I-Tolstoy F1" ihlukaniswa ukuthutha okuhle kakhulu, okuvumela, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ikhwalithi yezithelo, ukuyihambisa emabangeni amade.
Izimfanelo zokunambitheka kakhulu zenza kube lula ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlobonhlobo ukuze zisetshenziswe kalula, u-salting, ukugaya, ukulungiselela ama-juice kanye nama-tomato kanye nokuthengiswa okwengeziwe. Inani elikhulu le-beta-carotene equkethwe utamatisi, okwenza kube kuhle kumntwana kanye nokudla.
Utamatisi "U-Tolstoy F1" udumile udumo phakathi kwabalimi bezinhlobonhlobo ezingenakuqhathaniswa nokukhiqiza. Ukusebenzisa ulwazi kanye namathiphu ekukhuleni nasekunakekeleni isitshalo, ngeke kube nzima ukwenza ukukhiqiza kwawo kube khona, futhi inqubo yokukhula iyakujabulela.
