Isipinashi - isitshalo semifino esinamavithamini amaningi kalula, ama-acid, ama-acids, ama-micro kanye nama-macro adingekayo ekudleni okunempilo. Le mifino iyasiza futhi iyadingeka kuwo wonke amathebula. Ukusetshenziswa kwesipinashi njalo kuyisimo esihle kakhulu sokuvimbela izifo zesifo sokugaya umzimba, izinzwa, izinhliziyo, ukuphazamiseka kwemithi, ukukhuthaza kakhulu ukuzivikela.
Uyazi? Amaqabunga esipinashi aqukethe amavithamini K, E, PP, C, P, A, B2, B6, manganese, i-silicon, insimbi, i-cobalt, isikhumba, i-boron, i-chromium, i-iodine, i-calcium, i-rubidium, i-zinc, i-vanadium. Kanye ne-serotonin, i-phytosterols, i-polysaccharides, i-omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty, i-ascorbic ne-oxalic acid.
Uma uhlwanyela isipinashi
I-sipinashi ekhulayo ensimini ingaqala kusukela ekuqaleni noma phakathi no-Ephreli, igxile esimweni esiphezulu sezulu. Isipinashi - ukumelana okubandayo, ukushisa kwemoya ka-4-5 ° С kuyafaneleka ngempela ukuhluma imbewu, futhi amahlumela ayo angamelana namaqhwa phansi -5-6 ° С.
Indlela yokuthola isivuno sesipinashi sokuqala
Ukutshala isipinashi sesitshalo kunika isivuno esilandelayo - maphakathi noJuni, hhayi ngaphambili. Ingabe kungenzeka futhi uma itshalwe ukufaka isipinashi endaweni evulekile yokuvuna kwangaphambili? Ungakwazi. Yenza ezindaweni ezinobusika obumnene noma uhlwanyele izitshalo zasebusika ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba.
Ukutshala isipinashi ngaphambi kobusika, thola imifino yokuqala ngo-Ephreli. Kule ndlela, ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela kuya emahlumela okuqala, ezinsukwini ezingu-14-16 isipinashi sithatha izimpande futhi sibaleka kahle. Futhi ngokufudumala ngoMashi, kukhula ngokushesha.
Kubalulekile! Emva kokuqoqa isivuno sokuqala ezinsukwini ezingu-45-50, ungaphinda uqoqe imifino ezihlahleni okwesibili, kanti izitshalo zisuswe ngokuphelele.
Izidingo zeSipinashi Zomhlabathi
Ukungathathi hlangothi, loamy kanye nesihlabathi, okucebile enhlabathini ephilayo kungcono kakhulu ukukhula isipinashi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlabathi yepinashiki akufanele ibe yocansi - i-pH ayikho ngaphezu kwezingu-7.
Izithuthukisi ezinhle zalesi sitshalo yizambatho, ukhukhamba, izithelo, iklabishi, utamatisi.
Uyazi? Ukupinwa kokudla kwesipinishi - ukupheka, ukucheka, ukuhamba, ukugaya, ukukhanda - ukushintsha kancane ukwakheka kwayo, kugcina izakhi zayo eziwusizo eziphilayo.
Ukulungiselela umhlaba wokutshala
Umhlabathi wepinashiki ulungiswa ekuwa - bayondla bese bemba. Ukumba ukujula - 25 cm. Umanyolo wesipinashi kunconywa ukuba kwenziwe amalungiselelo e-potash-phosphate, humus, umquba. Inani elilinganiselwe lezingxenye ngehora elilodwa. m - 5 g we-phosphorus, 8 g we-nitrogen, 10 g we-potassium, 5.5-6 kg we-humus.
Kubalulekile! I-nitrogen isetshenziselwa umanyolo kuphela ekwindla, hhayi entwasahlobo. Isipinashi sisheshe siqoqe ngokweqile, okulimaza empilweni yabantu.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yesipinashi emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukukhula imbewu yokupinashiki ngqo emhlabathini ngaphandle kokuhluma izithombo ezisetshenziswa kaningi. Ukwenza lokhu, ngaphambi kokuba imbewu yokuhlwanyela ifakwe emahoreni angu-20-24. Lapho uhamba, i-pericarp (igobolondo) yenzalo iyisiqondiso: uma ithambekele emanzini, imbewu ilungele ukutshala.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu imiswe kancane - ibekwe ithawula elomile ukuze umswakama obuningi uphelelwe futhi akukho mbewu ehlanganiswayo. Imbewu yomquba (i-potassium permanganate) ingafakwa emanzini wokunisela, ukuze kutholakale isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-disinfectant. Ukujula kwe-seeding ku-2-2.5 cm, ukude phakathi kwemibhede, uma kunjalo, kufana no-20-25 cm.
Kubalulekile! Isipinashi siyaphambene nezifo ze-duodenum, izinso, isibindi, gallbladder. Ngokunakekelwa kutholakala ekudleni kwezingane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwe-oxalic acid emifino.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo zesipinishi
Isipinashi sinama-photophilous, kodwa futhi sikhula kahle emthunzini okhethekile, okungukuthi, singatshala njengengxenye ehlukile kwezinye izitshalo, futhi sisebenzise njengendlela yokwehlukanisa phakathi kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene zensimu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isipinashi asizithobeki, futhi ukunakekela kuqukethe ukuchelela okufika ngesikhathi, ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukunciphisa, ukuhluma.
Phuza ngamanzi kuze kube yilapho amahlumela ehluma - kusukela ekutheni amanzi aphuza lapho eqala izimpande - ukuchelela kwanele, kodwa kulinganise. Izithombo zimbalwa lapho zibonakala ngeqabunga lesibili, zishiya ibanga eliphakathi kuka-15-20 cm. Ukukhululeka kwenziwa njalo lapho inhlabathi imile. Indlela yokuphuza isipinashi ehlobo elomile?
Amanzi ngokuphindaphindiwe nokuningi, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi amanzi apheli futhi kukhona ukuhleleka okuhle. Umswakama owedlulele uyoholela ekwakheni i-powdery isikhutha nezinye izifo zesipinashi. Phakathi nesimo sezulu esilula isikhathi eside, kungcono ukwelula ifilimu ezikhoneni ezingaphezu kwemibhede ukugwema umswakama owedlulele. Njengomthetho, inhlabathi ye-sipinashi ihlwanyelwa ngaphambi kokutshala - ekwindla futhi, uma kunesidingo, entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ngakho-ke, esigabeni sezitshalo, umanyolo wesipinashi awukwenziwa.
Ukuvuna
Ukuvuna isipinashi kungaqaliswa lapho isitshalo sinamaqabunga ayisithupha, ikakhulukazi kwenziwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwamaqabunga angu-8-10. Sika isiqu ngaphansi kweqabunga lokuqala. Izimpande zesipinashi isitshalo sokutshala. Ungakwazi ngokushesha ukukhipha yonke isitshalo esikhundleni sokusika. Ukuqinisa ukuqoqwa kwemifino akunakwenzeka - amaqabunga angaphandle, abe amaqabunga, alahlekelwe ukunambitheka. Ungavuni emva kokunisela noma imvula. Isikhathi esihle sokuvuna kusasa ekuseni, amaqabunga azoba ahlanzekile futhi angabancibilika.
Uyazi? Esipinini esitshalwe entwasahlobo nasehlobo, amaqabunga amancane futhi alula, kanti labo abatshalwe ekwindla banamaqabunga amakhulu futhi amnyama.
Izifo nezinambuzane zesipinashi, indlela yokubhekana nazo
Bonke abalimi kudingeka bazi ukuthi bakhulisa isipinashi ezweni noma engadini bese bagwema ukulimala yizinambuzane. Kungcono ukuvimbela isifo kusengaphambili, ukunamathela kumasu okusebenza nge-agrotechnical: landela imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo nokunisela, ukuqeda ukhula, ukutshala izinhlobo ezingahambisani nezinambuzane. Izinambuzane eziyinhloko zesipinashi yizimpungushe zabavukuzi kanye nezimpukane ze-beet, ezithoba izimbobo emahlamvu, ama-slugs, ama-aphid, ama-babuha beetles, izifo ezibolile zamaqabunga kanye nezimpande, isikhukhula esibi, ama-popu-gama nezigubhu ezihambayo.
Zonke izifo ziqala ngenxa yokwephulwa kwemithetho yobunjiniyela bezolimo. Akunconywa ukuba aphathe futhi achithe amakhemikhali nge isipinashi. Uma izilonda zisendaweni elula, ungasebenzisa i-pepper, utamatisi, izixazululo zikagwayi zokupuniza. Uma ungakwazi ukubhekana nezinambuzane, izitshalo ezithintekile zibhujiswa.
