IFreesia isitshalo esinezimbali eziqhakaza kakhulu kusuka emndenini ka-Iris. Iqhamuka eNingizimu Afrika. Ngenxa yobuhle bayo obumnandi nobumnandi obuthakathaka, i-freesia yaba intandokazi yabalimi eminyakeni eminingana edlule. Iphunga elinamanothi omnduze wesigodi waba nomthelela ekuveleni kwegama lesibili - iCape lily yesigodi. Isitshalo esitshaliwe engadini futhi sikhule ekhaya, sakha inhlanganisela yezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezinemibala ehlukahlukene nobukhulu bama-inflorescence. Akunzima ukunakekela i-freesia, futhi nokubuka amanye amaqhinga, ungathola izihlahla eziqhakaza ubusika ngisho nasebusika.
Incazelo yezitshalo
I-Freesia isitshalo esingapheli. Ama-corms anombala obude noma omise okwama-lyre. Zimbozwe amafilimu amhlophe nokukhanya ansundu. Njalo emva kweminyaka engama-2 ngemuva kokuqhakaza, i-corm iyafa bese kuvela izinsana endaweni yayo. Ingxenye yesitshalo imelelwa ngamaqabunga amancanyana aqondile akhula ngokuqondile emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesiqu. Ubude beplate yeqabunga bungama-15- 20 cm, kanti ububanzi abudluli ku-1 cm. Emagqabini aluhlaza amnyama, umthambo ophakathi ubonakala kahle.
Isiqu esincanyana esine-freesia sikhula ngo-20-70 cm, izinhlobo ezi-hybrid zingadlula imitha eli-1 ukuphakama. Ingxenye engenhla yehlumela ihlwanyelwe kakhulu. Ezinyangeni ezi-3-4 ngemuva kokuvuswa kwezinhlamvu, igatsha ngalinye lambozwa nge-inflorescence enomhlambo owodwa. Siqukethe ama-buds ama-3-6. Izimbali ezinamakha ngendlela yeshubhu emincane eneshubhu ende emikhawulweni ihlukaniswe izigaba eziyisithupha. Ubude be-corolla buyi-3-5 cm, futhi ubukhulu bufika ku-6 cm. Amapulangwe ngokwawo angama-oval, ngokuphela okuphawuliwe. Maphakathi ne-tube kukhona ama-stamens ama-3 awotile kanye ne-ovary. Ama-petals athola imibala ehlukahlukene. Amhlophe, ukhilimu, i-lilac, i-pink, ebomvu, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye nsomi. Kwesinye isikhathi i-pharynx ifakwa imibala ethunzini elihlukile noma emithanjeni emnyama ibikhona enkabeni yezinsimbi.
Ngemuva kokuvota, amabhokisi embewu kankulunkulu avuthwa. Zincane kakhulu futhi ziqukethe imbewu emnyama engile. Ukuhluma kwembewu kugcinwa unyaka wonke.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zokuhlobisa
Ngokusemthethweni, izinhlobo zezitshalo eziyi-16 zibhalisiwe kuhlobo lwe-freesia. Iningi lazo likhula endle kuphela. Izinhlobo ze-Hybrid zisetshenziswa esikweni, ezingamelana kakhulu hhayi nesimo sezulu esifudumele kuphela, kepha futhi nasezintabeni ezisenyakatho ezingaphezulu.
I-freesia ephukile (imhlophe). Isitshalo esihlangene esi-herbaceous esinokuphakama okungabi ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-40. Igatsha elincanyana kakhulu sigaxa futhi liqeda ama-inflorescence e-milky white hue. Phansi kwesisekelo samahlamvu wokudubula anombala oluhlaza okhanyayo ukhula. Izinhlobo:
- I-Alba - izimbali ezinkulu ezinamacembe amhlophe qhwa ambozwe ngentambo embozwe onsomi ngaphakathi kojondolo;
- Okufafaza - emaphondweni aphansi wombala onsundu kukhona indawo egqamile ephuzi, iphunga lily lelesigodi liqinile.
Freesia Armstrong. Isitshalo esingaba ngu-70 cm ubude sisabalalisa izimbali ezimise okokuqina okungamasentimitha angama-4-5 cm.Zikhipha iphunga elintekenteke losawolintshi. Ama-petals anombala opinki, onsomi noma onsomi. Ikhadinali ehlukahlukene iyisitshalo esinezimbali ezibomvu ezilula eziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence amaningi aminyene. Phansi kwephalishi kukhona indawo ephuzi, kanti ama-anthers nepestle kupendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma onsomi.
Terry freesia. Iqembu elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali ezi-lush. Ama-petals ayindilinga futhi abanzi. Zihlelwe ngemigqa eminingana, yingakho izitshalo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "freesia rose". Umbala we-petals yi-monophonic noma enemibala emibili. Obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, ukhilimu noma umbala we-violet.
UFreesia yi-hybrid. Ama-Intraspecific freesia nzalo afinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama ngeziqu ezihlotshiswe kakhulu. Imvamisa kusuka ku-corm eyodwa ikhula ngokushesha ibe amahlumela amathathu. Amabhulashi aze afike ku-8-10 cm ubude aqukethe izimbali ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obungu-cm cm 5. Izinhlobo:
- IBallina - amakhethini aminyene we-wax atholakala emgqeni 1, ezisekelweni zakhiwe ngopende futhi apendwe ngombala omhlophe ophuzi;
- I-Caramel - ihlumela ama-75-80 cm amade ethwala izimbali ezingafika kwezi-8 kuma-inflorescences abukeka njengama-spike, ama-buds amakhulu alula abhalwe ngopende obomvu;
- I-Pimperina - isitshalo esinamakhompiyutha afinyelela ku-20 cm izimbali eziphakeme ezibolile, amacembe awo abomvu anomngcele we-burgundy abe nendawo ephuzi ezansi;
- I-Royal Blue - amacembe abanzi okweqanda anombala we-violet onemithambo emnyama nomngcele nendawo ebomvana ezansi.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Fenceia
IFreeia isatshalaliswa yimbewu nendodakazi yama-corms. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kuthathwa njengokubanzi kakhulu futhi akuvamile ukusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, lapho kuzalaniswa izinhlobo ezintsha noma isidingo senani elikhulu lezitshalo. Sebenzisa imbewu emisha. Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu ifakwa imizuzu engu-10-15 kusisombululo se-manganese, bese kuthi ngolunye usuku emanzini abilayo afudumele. Emva kwalokho, bahlwanyelwa esihlabathini nasenhlabathini yenhlabathi kuya ekujuleni kuka-6-10 mm. Izimbiza zimbozwe ngefilimu futhi zigcinwa endaweni ekhanyayo ekushiseni kwe + 18 ° C.
Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamaviki angama-2-3. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa. Izithombo esezikhulile zidluliselwa ezitsheni ezinobude obungamasentimitha ayi-5. Izithombo zigcinwa ekushiseni okungu-20 ... + 22 ° C kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Izitshalo zenza kabi kunoma yikuphi ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama. Kancane kancane, amazinga okushisa ancishiswe abe ngu- + 12 ... + 14 ° C. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, izithombo zitshalwa ngokucophelela zingene emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuqhubeka nokunakekelwa kwenziwa ngokuya ngohlelo olujwayelekile.
I-corm enkulu ngenkathi ethile ingakhiqiza izingane eziningana. Izitshalo eziqoqwe ekwindla zigcinwa ngendlela ejwayelekile kuze kube sentwasahlobo, kuthi entwasahlobo zitshalwe emhlabathini. I-bulb encane, isondele kakhulu ebusweni.
Ukulima kwangaphandle
Engadini ye-freesia, kukhethwe indawo enomthunzi omncane. Izimila ezintekenteke azilithandi ilanga elishisayo, kanti ama bulbu adla umhlaba oshisa ngokweqile. Kuyadingeka futhi nokunakekela ukuvikelwa kokungakapheli. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yikhululekile futhi ivundile, ine-acidity ephansi. Uma kungekho inhlabathi efanelekile, khona-ke ingxube yepeat, isihlabathi, i-humus nenhlabathi enamaqabunga ithululelwa ungqimba olungaba ngu-15 cm.
I-Freesia itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile lapho kwentwasahlobo ifrigi idlula. Kuya ngesifunda, lokhu kungaba yishumi lokuqala likaMeyi noma ukuphela kwawo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi iyambiwa bese ibanjiswa. I-Freesia itshalwe ngemigqa ukuze intamo ye-isibani ingaphezulu. Ibanga phakathi kwama-bulbs emgqeni yi-5-6 cm, naphakathi kwemigqa - cm 15. Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi inyathelwa kancane futhi yafakwa izinaliti ezi-peat noma ezisikiwe.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, lapho kuvela izithombo, zenza ukondla kokuqala nge-ammonium nitrate. Kamuva, kabili ngenyanga, i-freesia ivundiswa ngamakhompiyutha amaminerali nge-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Izitshalo kufanele ziniselwe njalo. Ngenkathi yokukhula, ukunisela akukhona njalo futhi bayaqiniseka ukuthi amanzi ashiya ngokuphelele inhlabathi, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-bulbs angabola. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo, umhlaba akumele uvunyelwe ukuthi wome kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ukuchelela kwenziwa kaningi futhi kubenze babe baningi. Izimbali uqobo zihlala amasonto angama-3-6. Lapho usuqedile, i-freesia iniselwa kaningi, kancane kancane iyeka ukunisela.
Noma endaweni evulekile, isitshalo sidinga umoya omanzi, ngakho-ke imibhede ifafazwa njalo. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kusihlwa, ukuze ukushiswa kungabi ngenxa yamazolo amazolo. Kuyadingeka futhi ukukhulula inhlabathi futhi ususe ukhula. Iziqu ezinde ziboshwe ngendlela yesikhathi ukuze zingaphuki. Izimbali ezinonile ziyanqunywa ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho bazothatha amandla kusuka isibani.
UFreesia akavamile ukuba nezifo zezitshalo. Kuphela kumhlabathi omanzi kakhulu futhi obandayo noma esimweni sezulu esina imvula kuvame ukuthuthukisa iFusarium, ukubola noma uqweqwe. Amahlumela namaqabunga ahlasela ama-aphid, izimbuzane zesicabucabu nokujikijela. Kuzo, izimbali ziphathwa nge-insecticide noma isisombululo sensipho.
Kuze kube maphakathi nekwindla, ama-freesia bulbs asele emhlabathini. Lapho imifino yasemhlabeni iqala ukuphenduka futhi yomile, iyanqunywa. Ngokushesha ama-rhizomes ngokwawo ayembiwa. Ama-corms ahlanzwa ngokuphelele umhlaba, izimpande ezindala nezikali. Zifakwa emanganese noma isikhunta isigamu sehora, bese zomiswa ekhishini lokushisa izinsuku eziningana.
Ngemuva kwayo yonke inqubo, ama-corms kufanele ahlolwe ngokucophelela ngomonakalo, ahlungwe ngosayizi bese efakwa kuma-grids amancane. Kufanele zigcinwe egumbini elimnyama lokushisa lomoya + 20 ... + 25 ° C kanye nomswakama kuze kufike ku-80%. Izikhathi eziningi phakathi nobusika, ama-corms ahlola bese ehlukanisa abonakele.
Uma i-freesia ikhule ezifundeni eziseningizimu, lapho ebusika kungekho khona iqhwa. Kungashiywa ubusika emhlabathini ovulekile. Umhlaba ufakwa ngamagatsha ama-spruce kanye namahlamvu owomile owomile.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
UFreesia ukhula ngokulingene engadini nasembizeni, njengesitshalo. Endabeni yokugcina, unganquma ngokuzimela isikhathi sezimbali. Ukuze izimbali zivele uNyaka oMusha, ziqala ukutshala ama-bulbs ngoSepthemba. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokuphumula, inyanga ngaphambi kokutshala ebhodweni, ama-freesia bulbs adluliselwa endaweni epholile (+ 10 ... + 15 ° C) ngokukhanyisa okuhle. Njengomphumela wokuqina, aqala ukukhula ngokushesha ngemuva kokutshala. Ama-corms atshalwe enhlabathini aze afike ku-3-6 cm, izingcezu ezimbalwa ebhodweni.
Iziqukathi ziqukethe at lokushisa lika + 20 ... + 22 ° C futhi lunisela njalo. Ubunzima bokutshala kwekwindla bukhanya bude bemini, kepha i-freesia idinga okungenani amahora angama-12 wokukhanya okukhanya okukhanyayo. Ukunciphisela ukungahambi kahle, sebenzisa isibani sangemuva. Iziqu ezinde kune-10 cm ziboshwe, ngaphandle kwalokho zizophuka ngaphansi kwesisindo sezimbali ezinkulu.
Ukugcina umswakama ophezulu, izitshalo zivame ukufafazwa futhi zibekwe eduze kwazo nepani lamanzi. Kubalulekile ukwahlukanisa i-freesia kusuka kubashisi.
Ngenkathi yokukhula nezimbali, ukugqoka okuphezulu kulethwa emhlabathini kabili ngenyanga. Sebenzisa amakhompiyutha amaminerali. Okokuqala, kusetshenziswa umanyolo onokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-potassium, bese kamuva kukhethwa i-phosphorus.
Lapho wonke amahlamvu ephela futhi amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi, ingxenye yomhlabathi iyanqunywa. Amabhuleki ayaqhubeka nokuniselwa enye izinyanga eziyi-1-1,5. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwakhiwa kwezingane. Ekupheleni kwenqubo, wonke ama-anyanisi abiwa, agezwe futhi athunyelwe ukugcinwa.
Usebenzisa freesia
Ukuze uthole amahlumela abuthakathaka nezimbali ezinamakha akhanyayo we-freesia, kubalulekile ukunikezela indawo esizeni noma efasiteleni. Lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa engadini yezimbali ehlanganisiwe eduze kwama roses, peonies, hydrangeas, clematis kanye lisianthus.
Iziqu ezincanyana ezinama-inflorescence aluhlaza zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusika. Izimbali ezinhle kakhulu zenziwe ngabo. Izimbali ezinombala omhlophe noma we-pastel shades zengezwe esixekweni somakoti. Ama-inflorescence avuleke ngokuphelele kuphela kufanele asikwe. Kwivasi, ihlumela ngeke liqhakaze.
Ngaphezu kobuhle obumangalisayo, iphunga elimnandi lidlala indima ebaluleke ngokulinganayo. Iphunga le-freesia elinobuqili bezimpawu zasolwandle lizothandaza noma ngubani. Amafutha abalulekile ezimbali asetshenziswa ku-aromatherapy ukulwa noxinzelelo, ubunzima bezinzwa nokukhathazeka.
