I-Salmonellosis ezinkukhu: izimpawu kanye nokwelapha

Amaqanda amaqanda athatha usongo olufihliwe: i-salmonellosis. Izimo ezihlobene nalesi sifo zilawulwa yizikhungo ze-epidemiological sanitary, izinsiza zezilwane, zezokwelapha nezamasiko. Cabanga ngengozi lesi sifo esithinta abantu nezilwane, kungani kubonakala, ukuthi kubukeka kanjani, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nalesi sifo.

Okuqukethwe:

• Kuyini i-salmonellosis
• Yini eyingozi kubantu?
• Izindlela zokusakaza
• Izizathu
• Izimpawu
• I-Pullorosis
• Izindlela zokwelapha
• Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
• I-Salmonellosis ezinkukhu: ukubuyekezwa

Salmonellosis

Ukunakekelwa okwedlulele kule sifo esithathelwanayo akuyona ingozi: kuthinta izinkukhu, kuhanjiswa kalula kwezinye izilwane zezolimo. Ukuhlaselwa yi-salmonella, ipulazi inokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bacterium ingadluliselwa kubantu ngokubangela ukugula nempilo esongela impilo - i-salmonellosis.

Funda ngezinye izifo zezinkukhu - isifo sikaMarek, i-aspergillosis, i-mycoplasmosis, i-coccidiosis, i-bronchitis esithathelwanayo, i-egg production syndrome, i-conjunctivitis, i-salpingitis.

Kuyini i-salmonellosis

Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi izinsizakalo zezempilo zomhlaba wonke zilawula isimo nge-salmonellosis, ngoba lokhu kuhlaselwa, okuyingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni, kubangela ukulimala empilweni nempahla, kuyilapho kuqeda ukuthi kunzima. I-pathogen yayo, i-Salmonella bacterium, inezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-2300, ezingu-700 ezikwazi ukuthelela abantu kanye nezi-230 yizinkukhu.

Amagciwane akhe amathathu awona umonakalo omkhulu ekukhuleni kwezinkukhu ezifuywayo:

• i-typhimurium;
• ukungena;
• gallinarum pullorum.

Uyazi? I-Salmonella yaqala ukutholakala ngesikhathi kuqubuka isifo sezingulube ngo-1885 ngabahlengikazi uDkt. Daniel Salmon noTheobald Smith. Ngaphandle kokuthi ososayensi bahlonza le-enterobacteria, bathola nokuthi i-pathogen efile ihlinzeka izilwane ukuba zivikeleke kahle lesi sifo, okwenza bakwazi ukulwa nalesi sifo ngokugoma.

I-bacterium anaerobic ngesimo sentimba ine-flagellum futhi iyakwazi ukuhamba.

Iqinile kakhulu futhi inamandla okuphikelela isikhathi eside:

• ezinqeni zezinyoni - izinyanga ezingu-4;
• emanzini avela emanzini - izinyanga ezimbili;
• endaweni yamanzi - izinyanga ezingu-7;
• emanzini anosawoti nokubhema - izinyanga ezingu-3;
• emhlabathini nomquba - izinyanga ezingu-12;
• egumbini uthuli - izinyanga ezingu-18.

Kubalulekile! Inyama, ubisi neminye imikhiqizo ayikwazi ukukhonza njengezintambo kuphela, ziphindaphinda ngenjabulo lapho, futhi umkhiqizo ngokwawo awushintshi ukubukeka, ukunambitha noma iphunga. Wayebhema futhi usawoti, futhi ukuqhwaba kwandisa isikhathi sezinhlamvu eziyingozi ezinyangeni ezingu-4-5. Esikhathini esifudumele, ingozi yazo zonke izifo ezitholakala emathunjini, kuhlanganise ne-salmonellosis, yanda izikhathi eziningi.

I-Salmonella inokuphikisa okuphansi:

• amakhemikhali;
• ukuphikisa;
• eside (kuze kube yimaminithi angu-15) abilayo.

Yini eyingozi kubantu?

Abantu bahlupheka kakhulu nge-salmonella, kaningi isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokuba i-wand isangene emzimbeni, kuye ngesimo sayo, izimpawu zesifo zivela emva kwamahora angu-6-72. Kungenzeka kube okugqamile futhi okuphawulekayo, futhi kungenzeka kungabonakali. Esikhathini esilandelayo, nakuba isiguli singavumi, nokho uyithwala futhi angakwazi ukuthelela abanye abantu.

Uyazi? Ibhodi lokusika ipulasitiki liphindwe kabili njengelinye lezinkuni, amathuba okuba ngumthengisi we-salmonella.

Ingena emathanjeni emathunjini, i-wand ihlala ezindongeni zamathumbu amancane futhi ihlanganisa ubuthi obunobuthi obangela ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, ukulahlekelwa kwe-tonus ngemikhumbi, nokulimaza ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu zokuqala yizibonakaliso zemitholampilo ye-catarrh ye-upper tractatory tract, kamuva isitoreji se-liquide nokuhlanza sinezelwa.

Ukubonakaliswa kwesifo kungaba:

• ukushisa okuphezulu;
• ikhanda kanye nobuthakathaka jikelele;
• isicwebezela noma ngaphandle kokuhlanza;
• isisindo esiningi ngokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamanzi okuholela ekudambiseni amanzi;
• ubuhlungu besisu;
• ukwanda kobukhulu besitebe nesibindi, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhluleka kwesibindi.

Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi esifanele sokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha, ukuxilongwa okulungile nokuphathwa kahle kubeka isiguli ngezinyawo izinsuku ezingu-10.

Ungamnaki lesi sitha esinamandla: uqala kuqala phakathi kwezifo zokudla eziholela ekufeni. Unengozi enkulu kunazo zonke ezinganeni: ezincane, zikhuni futhi zikhula isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi uma abazali bethola ukwelashwa usizo lwezokwelapha, benethemba lokubhekana nezidingo zabo. Izinsana zezingane zingase zibone i-purulent foci:

• ngokukhala;
• emathanjeni;
• ezingxenyeni zobuchopho;
• kwezinye izitho zangaphakathi.

Kubalulekile! Isifo esingahambi kahle ukuthi izinkukhu ezinesifo se-bacterium ngokuvamile ngeke zibonise noma yiziphi izimpawu, ukutheleleka amaqanda, inyama, ubisi neminye imikhiqizo enomhlanga. Kulesi simo, ubuthi obuningi bomuntu bube kungalindelekile, futhi kuvela ukuthi, ngaphezu kwemithi yabo, izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ziyadingeka ngokuphathelene nezilwane kanye nezindawo zazo zokuhlala.

Izindlela zokusakaza

Ukuba ngamathumbu noma ama-enterobacteria, i-salmonella ingena emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ngokudla namanzi. Ukutheleleka kungavela ezinyoni zasendle noma ezilwaneni, njengezimvuthwane, ezifuywayo noma ezilwaneni zasendle: iningi lezilwane ezincelisayo liyakuthinta i-salmonella futhi ingaba umthombo wokutheleleka.

Uma usebenzisa amasevisi wabathengisi abangaqinisekisiwe, ungathenga ukondla okungcolile. Isifo singabuye sithathwe ngumuntu. Kodwa-ke, izinkukhu ezinempilo, okuqukethwe kwazo ezihambisana nazo zonke izindinganiso, angeke zithole igciwane ngisho nalapho zixhumana ne-agent causative yesifo.

Inkathazo enkulu ukutheleleka kwe-incubator, eyenzeka ngamaqanda aphethwe yizinyosi ezigulayo. Uma le ntsha igcinwa endaweni esivinjelwe, ukutheleleka kungasakazeka emoyeni.

Uyazi? Ama-bacteria adlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yethu: kumuntu omdala, kuzoba nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamabhaktheriya angapheli emzimbeni osisindo esingaba ngu-2 kg.

Izizathu

Ukungena ekudleni kanye / noma emanzini, i-Salmonella ibangela ukuqhuma kwesifo phakathi kwezinkukhu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kungenzeka kwenzeke uma umzimba unempilo futhi uyakwazi ukumelana.

Izimo ezimbi ezingabangela ukutheleleka emfuyweni yilezi:

• ukushisa noma ukuncibilika ngokweqile;
• indawo ehlanziweyo kanye / noma izindlu zezinkukhu;
• ukukhukhumazeka kwezinkukhu ezinkukhu emva kokugula kwamuva;
• umkhuhlane obuthakathaka ngenxa yezimbangela zofuzo;
• inqwaba yemfuyo ekamelweni;
• amanzi anamaqabunga lapho inyoni ihlangana khona ngesikhathi sokuhamba.

Kubalulekile! Emapulazini amakhulu ezinyoni, ukuqubuka kungasuswa isikhathi eside futhi kuphele unyaka noma ngaphezulu. Izinyathelo ezithathwe kahle ngokuhambisana nokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwemfuyo kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezindawo zomnotho kuzosiza ukunqoba lesi sifo ngokushesha.

Izimpawu

I-Salmonellosis yisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, sinesikhathi eside, hhayi esingaphansi kweviki, isikhathi sokukhushulwa, futhi lapho izimpawu zayo zokuqala zivela, iningi labantu litheleleke.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkambo yalesi sifo ingenzeka nhlobo ngaphandle kwezimpawu kule nyoni, okungeke kuthiwa ngabantu abathintekayo. Kulesi simo, i-Salmonella ingatholakala ngokuthembekile kuphela nge-laboratory indlela esekelwe ekuhlolweni kwegazi, udoti namaqanda. Umuntu ofile uhlolisiswa ngokugcwele.

Amajaji angenakho ukukhunjulwa okukhulu: izinkukhu ezinamaviki amabili zivele zigula ngezifo ezinamahlombe, ngokuvamile zihambisane nezilonda zamaphaphu, kubandakanya ngenxa yokuvezwa kwazo ezifweni ezibangelwa umoya.

Thola ukuthi kungani kukhona ukukhula emilenzeni yezinkukhu, kungani izinkukhu zihamba imbala futhi yini okufanele ziphathe, kungani zikhupha isifo sohudo.

Izikhukhukazi abalimi kufanele baqaphele izimpawu ezilandelayo ezinkukhu:

• isidleke siphefumula ngobunzima, sinomlomo, umlomo wakhe u-ajar, i-mucus ikhishwa emphuleni;
• unamandla emzimbeni, uziphatha ngobuwula;
• inkukhu ilahlekelwe isifiso sayo, isisindo sakhe sinciphisa;
• ukukhula kunciphisa;
• Izimpaphe zikhula buthakathaka, noma ngisho nezindawo ezibukhali zivela;
• le nyoni izwa ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo, ixhala ngokukhathazeka ngenxa yalesi sizathu;
• amaphiko aphukile;
• ukukhubazeka kwenzeka.

Uyazi? Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithandekayo, ibhethri eyodwa yamathumbu iyakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo ngokwanele ukuyikhuphula ibe yi-pyramid kilometer ukuphakama ngamakhilomitha amabili amakhilomitha. Njengoba sicabanga ngalezi zilinganiso, singaphetha ngokuthi ukusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zokuzivikela ezivimbela le nqubo.

Abantu abadala babonisa izimpawu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, cishe ngesonto emva kokutheleleka:

• amalunga avuvukile emilenzeni nasehlombe;
• inyoni inezinkinga ezisobala ngombono, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kokuhamba;
• phezu kwekhava lezinsizi zivela izindawo eziba khona;
• i-comb kanye ne-catkins ephaphathekile, i-scallop iyawa;
• ukoma okunzima nokulahlekelwa uketshezi ngenxa yesifo sohudo, okungenzeka sibe negazi ngendlela elula;
• izinkukhu ziyeke ukuthola isisindo, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kunciphisa;
• Ukuphefumula kungase kuqhume, i-goiter ilahle ithoni;
• ukunyakaza nokuphakamisa emilenzeni kubangela ubunzima; ukukhubazeka kwamalungu kungase kuthuthuke;
• ukuzwa kungase kuhlupheke, ngalesi simo inkukhu ithatha isimo sokuthi: ukuphoqa kakhulu intamo, ilale nekhanda layo phansi.

Kubalulekile! Ungalokothi uthathe ezandleni zamajuba nezinye izinyoni, ngisho noma kubonakala sengathi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezilwane. Uma izinyoni zitholakale nge-salmonellosis, okungaphezu kwalokho, ngeke usamsiza, futhi uzothola izinkinga ngesifo eside nesifo esithathelanayo. Ungadli ngezandla zamajuba nezinye izinyoni zasemadolobheni nezinyoni zasendle, ungavumeli izingane ukuba zenze lokhu, zitshele ngengozi engenzeka.

I-Salmonella ivuza:

• ngendlela ebukhali kakhulu - Izinkukhu ezisanda kuzalwa zivame ukuhlasela, okuwukuthi, ngokusemthethweni, zifa ngokushesha;
• ngendlela elula - phakathi kwezinkukhu ezikhulile ezineminyaka engaba ngu-10 ubudala: ziba yi-lethargic, amaphiko azo aphikisiwe, zidla kakhulu, azidli, zibhekene nesifo sohudo esinamandla, ukukhubazeka kungenzeka;
• emafomu e-subacute nama-chronic - kaningi kakhulu ezinkukhu ezindala, izimpawu zibuthakathaka kakhulu: le nyoni ilahlekelwa umsebenzi kanye nesifiso, ukutheleleka kwesibili kuyajoyina, izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, umzila wesisu usaphazamiseka.

Ngakho, nge ifomu lomathumbuNgokwemvelo noma ngokungahambi kahle, isifo sohudo esinomfutho escolisa amaphiko emsila yisici.

Nge ifomu le-articular Ukuhlukunyezwa kwamajoyina akuhambisani nanoma yiziphi izifo, kepha kamuva zivuvuka futhi zivule. Inyoni ihamba ngobunzima, imilenze iyathuthumela, isithombe sifana nezimpawu zokukhubazeka. Ezimweni eziphambili, imisipha yezinyawo ezitholakala ku-atrophy.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhona ukuhlukumezeka ifomu ephazamisayo i-salmonellosis, ibonakala ngokukhubazeka. Uma ifomu lezinzwa lisola, inyoni ekhubazekile iyodwa noma ibulawe, ngoba ukwelashwa ngokuvamile akusebenzi, kanti lesi sifo sibuhlungu futhi singapheli isonto elilodwa.

Uyazi? Ukuze ususe ingozi, isilwane se-salmonella esinegciwane lengu-400 g kufanele siphekwe amahora amathathu nesigamu.

I-Pullorosis

I-pullorosis, nakuba kuyihlobo le-salmonellosis, lifanelwe ukucubungulwa okuhlukile. I-pathology ibangelwa yi-bacterium Salmonella pullorum futhi inehlukile. Uma kungeniswa ngaphakathi kwe-incubator, i-pullorosis ithinta intsha ezinsukwini (kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-5) futhi ibangele izinga eliphezulu lokufa ngaphandle kokuphathwa ngendlela efanele.

Kunesizathu sokusola ukuthi i-pullorosis uma:

• igqunywe ngendwangu kanye ne-cloaca evuthayo;
• inkukhu iyabazela, ihlala endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside futhi amehlo ayo ivaliwe;
• i-peritonitis yesisu esisitholakala kuzingqimba;
• udoti luba mhlophe noma luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka oluhlaza, luba luketshezi, lubunjwa ngokungafani;
• isikhumba se-blue and membranes;
• inyoni iphefumula ngobunzima;
• umsebenzi othukuthelayo uqala.

Isifo ngaphandle kokwelashwa "singasula" yonke inkukhu yenkukhu esikhathini esifushane kakhulu, kodwa, sinikeza kahle ukwelapha okwanele, ngenxa yalokho ukutholakala okuphelele kwemfuyo kwenzeka. Inyoni ephulukile kamuva izuza isisindo kahle, inyama yayo ayiyona ingozi kubantu.

Uyazi? Ososayensi basebenza ukudala izitifiketi ezikhethekile zokuthi "ukudla", okuzoshintsha umbala kuye ngokuthi kudlule umkhawulo wokuvunyelwa okuvunyelwe emkhiqizweni wezilwane ezingafuneki, kuhlanganise ne-Salmonella nezinye izifo ezifakwe emathunjini emathunjini.

Hlola izincomo zokwelashwa kwezifo ezinyaweni, izifo zamehlo ezinkukhu.

Izindlela zokwelapha

Udinga ukuqala ukulwa ne-salmonellosis ngokushesha nje uma wazi ngalokhu:

1. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zomuntu ngamunye, kuzomele uzihlukanise ngokushesha nabantu bonke bese uhlukanisa isikhathi okungenani izinsuku ezingu-10, okufanele zihlolwe ngazo. Isinyathelo esengeziwe kufanele sibe nesinqumo esinqunyiwe, ukubambezeleka kungaba yingozi futhi kubiza. Inyoni yonke kufanele ilashwe i-prophylactically, futhi umuntu ongasodwa angabuyiselwa emhlambini ngemva kokuphindwa.
2. Ekulweni ne-salmonellosis, ama-antibiotic anqunywe, afakwe ekudleni noma emanzini, noma, uma kufanelekile, alawulwa ngendlela yokujola, okhethwe ngabanye ngabanye, kuye ngokuthi ubudala, isisindo, njll.
3. Indlu yenyoni lapho kutholakala khona i-salmonella kufanele igcinwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwe-sanitary okwenziwe ngcono ukuze isifo singasakazeki kwezinye imfuyo, ngoba isengozini yokungenwa yi-bacterium eyingozi.
4. Izinambuzane namaqanda kuzo ziphathwa ngamalungiselelo akhethekile, isibonelo, i-Vircon, i-Demzol noma i-Metacid.
5. Abondla nabaphuzayo, kanye nendawo yonke kumele bahlwithwe.
6. Izinkukhu ezisanda kuzalwa ekudleni kokuqala kufanele zinikezwe ama-probiotics.

Kubalulekile! Imithi ye-antibiotic ayiphumeli ekulwa nesalmollosis njengoba singathanda: iba yinkinga, futhi lesi sifo singabuya. Abantu abaqashiwe baphuthuka kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni.

Kunengqondo ukuphatha kuphela esiteji sokuqala, lapho isikhathi sokufakelwa kwesikhashana sisasebenza. Abantu abanezimpawu eziphawulekayo eziqhamukayo baqedwa, imfuyo enempilo enempilo iphathwa ngokucophelela ngokuxuba i-antibiotic ekudleni nasekuphuzeni.

Lapho i-salmonellosis ivame ukushiwo izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:

• "Levomitsetin": intengo engabizi futhi iphakethe elihle;
• "Baytril" ("Enrofloxacin"): izindleko eziphawulekayo, ukupakisha ilitha;
• i-gentamicin sulfate 4%: intengo enhle nomphumela omuhle;
• Izidakamizwa zeTetracycline: zinezici eziningi, zishiwo ukwesaba ukuthola i-salmonellosis esikhundleni sesinye isifo.

Ukuze silondoloze ipheshana lezinyosi lezinyoni ngenkathi ekwelashwa, unikezwa ama-probiotics emthamo owenziwe udokotela wezilwane.

Uyazi? Naphezu kokuqina kwayo, i-salmonella ifa masinyane emvelweni we-acidic. Kuyamangaza ukuthi uju, ngokuba isilondolozi esingokwemvelo esidumile, unesilinganiso se-pH se-pH 3-4.5, lapho zonke izinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nalesi sibhedlela, ziyeka ukuthuthukisa.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela

Njengoba i-salmonellosis inzima, iyalulama ngokuhlupheka, ngokuvamile ayibonakali izimpawu futhi ishiya i-pathogen kubantu abagulayo, kubalulekile ukubhekana nayo ngezinyathelo zokuzivikela.

1. Isilinganiso esinokwethenjelwa kakhulu sokuvimbela yi-CCRNA (ukusabela okungaqondakali kwe-hemagglutination blood-drop reaction). Ikithi yokuxilonga ithengwa ku-vetmagazin noma emtholampilo, ngosizo lwayo, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa njalo. Uma izinkomo ezifika ku-10% zitheleleke, abantu "abasolisayo" bahlukaniswa noma bachithekile, imishini ayinqunyelwe i-disinfected, izinkukhu zezinkukhu nezinkukhu ziyaphathwa, izinyoni zigonywe. Uma inani legciwane lesandulela ngculaza lingaphezu kwezingu-10%, akusho ukuthi kunengqondo ukufeza izinyathelo zokwelapha: imfuyo kumele ibhujiswe, inkukhu yezinkukhu kanye ne-inventory - ukungcola ngokuphelele.
2. Kungasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela lesi sifo esibukhoma esivela ku-Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4. Kunconywa ukuthi siyisebenzise kubakwa-broilers, umhlambi womzali kanye nezinkukhu zezimboni.
3. Umgomo wokugonywa wePaccacron uqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili zamabhaktheriya: i-typhimurium ne-enteritis.
4. Ngosizo lomuthi wokugoma "Avivac-Salmovac" akugcini nje ukuthi i-salmonellosis ivinjelwe, kodwa nezifo ezifana ne-pasteurellosis ne-colibacillosis ziyavinjelwa.
5. Kukhona nomuthi wokugoma "SalmAbik" (ukukhiqizwa - uIsrayeli).
6. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, ama-bacteriophages akhethekile ahlongozwa emagumbini, lapho, ngaphandle kwe-airway, le nyoni ithola ngamanzi zingakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu emva kokuqothula.
7. Kubalulekile ukuqapha nokulawula ngokucophelela ikhwalithi yokudla kanye namanzi, ukugwema ukuba khona kwesikhunta, ukulimala, ukunquma, njll.
8. Kufanele ihlanzwe ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ihlanzeke kahle enkukhu yezinkukhu, kanye nasezidlekeni nasezikhungweni ze-incubator.
9. Ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda ku-incubator, ayenziwe nge-disinfected.
10. Помимо специфических мер, хороший птицевод регулярно осматривает представителей стаи, а также обращает внимание на помёт.
11. При подселении в курятник новых особей, их необходимо предварительно поместить в карантин.

Узнайте, чем могут болеть несушки зимой.

Indlela edidiyelwe yokuvimbela izokunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokugula, futhi iyoba ishibhile kakhulu kunezokwelapha, okuyinto engasebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuvimbela ngokuphindaphindiwe kunciphisa ubungozi bokuthi i-salmonellosis izokhipha yonke inkukhu yenkukhu, ngokulimaza impilo yakho nenhlalakahle yabanikazi bayo.

Ividiyo: Amathiphu Okuthola Ukugula Izikhumba

I-Salmonellosis ezinkukhu: ukubuyekezwa