Izici kanye nemithetho yokuzalanisa izihlahla zebhasamu ekhaya

Ibhalsamu - isitshalo esithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalandeli be-floriculture yasendlini, naphakathi kwezakhamuzi zasehlobo, njengoba kungenakuzithoba futhi kukwazi ukujabulisa ngezimbali zayo isikhathi eside. Akudingi amakhono akhethekile kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza le mbali: kukwanele ukuphula ihlumela lezinhlobonhlobo oyithandayo bese ulimpande. Ngakho kanjani ukwandisa ibhalsamu ngalendlela? Uma kudingeke kwenziwe, yimiphi umsebenzi wokulungiselela okufanele wenziwe, indlela yokutshala futhi uthathe ukusika emhlabathini nasemanzini, futhi yikuphi ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe okudingekayo? Futhi ekugcineni, yini engasongela ukufakelwa kokufakelwa kuphela? Impendulo ikhona kulesi sihloko.

Izici, izinzuzo nezingozi zendlela

Ukusika - indlela yokukhiqiza isitshalo, okuwukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwayo yizingxenye ezihlukene - izicucu. Le ndlela yokuzalisa inezinzuzo eziningana:

• I-cuttings yenza sikwazi ukugcina ngokugcwele izici ezihlukahlukene zembali, ezingenakwenzeka uma zisakazwa yizimbewu.
• Ubuchwepheshe bokusakazwa nge-cuttings kulula: ngisho nomlimi oqalayo angayiphatha.
• Imiphumela yokuhlanganiswa ingabonakala maduzane. Uma ukusika ibhalsamu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (Mashi), ehlobo isitshalo esivele sakhiwe siyobe sesilungele ukusabalalisa.
• Le ndlela yokuzalanisa iyasebenza: kuphela ekucutheni okungajwayelekile. Isizathu esiyinhloko sezinto ezinjalo yizimo ezingalungile zokuqothula noma ukungahambisani nazo zonke izidingo zalolu hlelo.

Kodwa akuzona zonke izinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo zebhasamu ezizohlanganiswa: le ndlela yokuzalanisa imifino yezinhlobo zemibala okungapheli (isibonelo, i-New Guinean hybrid noma ibhalsamu le-Waller), kodwa izinyanga zizala kuphela imbewu (indlela yokutshala ibhalsamu ephuma kumbewu ngokwakho, ungathola lapha) .

Indlela yokusika ekhaya?

Isikhathi

Ukusika ngokuvamile kuqhutshwa entwasahlobo. Lesi sikhathi sonyaka sinomthelela ekwenzeni ukusheshiswa kwazo zonke izinqubo zokuqubuzana ezivela esitshalweni. Kusemthonjeni wamaseli esitshalo aqala ukuhlukanisa, aqoke amasha, ngakho-ke izimpande zivele kalula kwi-cuttings. Yebo, isimo sezulu sezulu sezulu sithandwa kuphela, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwebhasamu elisha elisha.

Usizo! Ungakwazi ukugxila nokusika, usike ehlobo nasekwindla. Ukusika okunjalo kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo zebhasamu eziye zaqhakaza zonke ihlobo ensimini evulekile; Ngale ndlela bazoqhubeka ngenkathi yasebusika.

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela

• Cuttings. Kukhethwa isitshalo esinempilo, esiqeda iziqongo zamahlumela amancane nama-interstices angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 ubude obuyi-8-10 cm. Ukudubula kufanele kube ngaphandle kwezimbali, futhi uma kusekhona, kumele kususwe. Amaqabunga, atholakala ngaphansi kwe-cut, asusiwe, okungaphezulu kufanele kushiywe. Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuqoqa inhlanzi, ungakwazi ukucwilisa amathiphu ama-stalks kwisisombululo se-phytoharmon.

  Ukugxila kancane kancane, isitshalo somama, esizosikwa ngaso, sinconywa ngesonto ngaphambi kokuba inqubo yondle imifino eyinkimbinkimbi.

• Umhlaba. Inhlabathi ehlanjululwayo noma ingxube ye-peat, i-vermiculite ne-perlite ku-1: 1: 2 izoba efanelekile ukuqhuma inhlabathi. I-peat izondla i-sprout, futhi i-perlite ne-vermiculite izonikeza inhlabathi enhle, ukuphefumula, kuvimbele ukushisa nokuphuza ngokweqile uhlelo lokususa impande.

  Uma inhlumela ehlutshiwe ihlwanyelwe endaweni engapheli, inhlabathi ekhethekile ethengwe esitolo noma ingxube elungiselelwe ngezandla zakho kufanele ithathwe (inhlabathi yensimu nesihlabathi zixubene ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo; iqabunga lomhlaba, i-peat kanye nesihlabathi somfula lixubene nobubanzi be-2: 1: 1 ). Isimo esiyinhloko: inhlabathi kufanele ibe ukudla okunomsoco futhi inzalo.

• Pot. Ukuze uthole imifino ye-rooting emhlabathini, ungasebenzisa izinkomishi zepulasitiki ezivamile, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukwenza izimbobo zamanzi. Ipulasitiki ephazamisayo izonikeza ithuba lokugcina isimo sokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande ye-balsam seedling. Ibhodlela lapho ukusika kuzokwenziwa khona emva kokuqothula kungenziwa nge-plastic, ceramics, nobumba.

  Isimo esiphezulu se-container ukutholakala okuphoqelekile kwezimbobo ezansi ebhodweni nomthamo omncane, ububanzi bomkhumbi. Ibhalsamu iqhakaza ngokugcwele lapho ibhodlela lincane. Uma umthamo uvolumu kakhulu, khona-ke wonke amandla esitshalo azohloswa ekwandiseni izimpande neziqabunga zamagqabi, futhi ungakhohlwa mayelana nezimbali. Njengendlela yokukhetha: izinsimbi eziningana ezigxotshiwe zingatshalwa ngesikhathi esifanayo esitsheni esikhulu, khona-ke isihlahla samahlathi ebhalsamu siyoba lushisa.

Ukufika

1. Lungiselela konke okudingayo ngokutshala ibhalsamu:
   • cuttings ezigxiliwe;
   • ibhodlela;
   • i-substrate;
   • ukugeleza;
   • i-scapula.
2. Ingaphansi ebhodweni le-2 - 3 cm igcwele amanzi, lonke isikhala sigcwele i-substrate.
3. Esigabeni esincane sinesandla sokwenza ukucindezeleka okuncane, okulingana nomthamo wevolumu yesistimu encane yokusika.
4. Nciphisa isithombo esikhaleni, uqondise kahle izimpande. Uma ukusika kuye kwagxila enhlabathini, kufanele ukuthi utshalwe kabusha ngokuyithutha: susa ihlumela ebhodweni elidala futhi, ngaphandle kokubhubhisa igumbi lobumba, ulibeke ebhodweni elisha.
5. Ukuze ugcwalise ukuphunyuka okugxilwe futhi kungabi nalutho nge-substrate, ukuwuchoboza kalula ngezandla zokulungisa phansi.

Ukuqothula

Ibhalsamu ingagxila emanzini nase-substrate.

Emanzini

Ukusika ama-cuttings agonywa emanzini ekamelweni lokushisa, okuthululwa kwisitsha esenziwe ngilazi emnyama noma eplastiki. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuhokhwe ekutheni kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaqabunga aphansi okusika awela emanzini., njengoba zingabangela inqubo yokubola.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi akufanele agcwalise itanki ngokuphelele: kufanele kube khona indawo yomoya kuwo, okuhambisana namanzi okuzosiza ekwenzeni izimpande. Umkhumbi nge-petiole ufakwa endaweni ekhanyayo nefudumele (engekho ngaphansi kuka-17C). Ukuqothula emanzini kwenzeka ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-7 kuya kwezingu-14.

Sikumema ukuba ubuke ividiyo mayelana nokuqothulwa kwezicuthe emanzini:

Ku-substrate

1. Ibhodlela elincane ligcwele amanzi, bese kuthiwa ngehlabathi elimanzi noma ingxube ye-peat, i-vermiculite ne-perlite.
2. Ngosizo lwepensela, kwenziwa i-groove encane (1.5 - 2 cm), lapho ukusika kunqunywa futhi kusetshenziswe "iKornyovin".
3. Inhlabathi ezungeze ukusika ilula kancane.
4. Ibhodlela lifakwe efudumele (hhayi ngaphansi kwe + 17C) nendawo ekhanyayo. Uhlelo lwempande emhlabathini lwakhiwa ngemva kwamasonto angu-1 kuya kwangu-3.

Ngakho-ke, qiniseka ukuthi ufake isitsha ngesibambo endaweni yokushisa encane. Njengesibamba sokushisa, ungasebenzisa isikhwama seplastiki, isitsha sokudla epulasitiki esinesibopho esifanele, noma ibhodlela lepulasitiki elisikiwe. Ngokufika kwezimpande zokuqala zokushisa kungasuswa. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukushisa okunjalo kumele kuvuleke nsuku zonke ukuze kube nokuphuza umoya, kungenjalo ukuphunyuka kungase kuvele kubola.

Landela

Ngemuva kokusika okugxilile kusetshenziswe ebhodweni, kufanele kuphuziswa ngamanzi afudumele ngokufaka i-potassium permanganate. Ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ebhodini ibhalsamu ihlale imanzi.. Kodwa ukuqhuma komswakama awukwazi ukuvunyelwa ezimpandeni akuboli.

Ukuze uthole ukufinyelela okungcono kwe-oksijeni ezimpandeni, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ngezinye izikhathi ukukhipha ungqimba ophezulu we-substrate ukuya ku-1 cm obujule. Amandla nesitshalo kufanele afakwe emafasiteleni amafasitela abheke empumalanga noma empumalanga-mpumalanga. I-balsamine ikhetha i-penumbra, kuyadingeka ukuthi amaqabunga ayo angawa ilanga eliqondile.

Ukushisa kwamanzi emini nasemini kungabhubhisa isitshalo, kubalulekile ukuthi i-thermometer ayiwi phansi ngezansi + 16C. Uma isitshalo sishintsha ebhodweni bese siqala ukukhula, kufanele ukondle kanye nezinsuku eziyishumi: ungasebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile esitolo, noma ungamane umane uhlanganise nitrogen ne-phosphate fertilizer.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zemvelo ezibhekwa njengendlela ekahle ebhalsamu, kanye nemithetho yokunakekela imbali, funda izinto zethu.

Uma kukhona okungahambanga kahle

• Ukunciphisa izithombo ezincane ezinezifo (ngokwesibonelo, isikhunta esimnyama) (mayelana nokuthi kukhona izifo ze-balsam, ukwelashwa nokuvinjelwa kwabo, sitshele lapha). Lesi yisifo esibangela ukufa kwama-balsamu. Futhi izinhlamvu zalokhu ukutheleleka kwe-fungal kungenzeka zibekwe enhlabathini, esetshenziselwa ukutshala ukusika okweqile kakade. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-substrate ethengwe noma ukuphatha ingxube elungiselelwe ngesandla nge-fungicides noma nge-thermally.
• Ukushintshanisa ama-cuttings. Lokhu kungenzeka uma siyikhohlwa ngokuhlelekile mayelana nokuphumula kwansuku zonke "kwezithombo zokugcina" lapho kutholakala khona ukukhula kwezitshalo.
• Isiqu emanzini sithela. Kungenzeka ukuthi uhlangothi lumile. Kwanele ukuthola i-petiole emanzini futhi ubuyekeze ukusika. Futhi qinisekisa ukuthi ukuphunyuka akuzange kungene ilanga eliqondile. Ukusika kuyinto enhle kakhulu yokuzala ibhalsamu, engadingi amakhono akhethekile nokudla isikhathi. Ngale ndlela, ungakwazi njalo ukwandisa impilo yezinhlobonhlobo oyithandayo, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi lezimbali zimila unyaka wonke.