Abaqoqi beCacti bafana ne-astrophytum encane, enezinkanyezi. Lona i-cactus egcwele i-ribbed spherical.
Ukuzinakekela akusuke kunzima kunezinye izinhlobo. Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-astrophytum, futhi wengeze lesi siboniso esithakazelisayo kuqoqo lakho.
Incazelo ye-Botanical yezitshalo zasendlini
Amagama ngokuvamile ayimpawu ezichazayo kakhulu zezitshalo. Igama lesiLatini elithi Astrophytum asteria (astrophytum asterias) - lichaza i-cactus yenkanyezi futhi ichaza isimo. Futhi kunegama le-cactus ye-sandy - ngokusho kwendawo yokusabalalisa, i-sea urchin - ngenxa yesimo kanye nezinsiza ezincane, i-Peyotl cactus (i-Williams lofophore) - ngokufana nokuma.
I-genus iqukethe izinhlobo ezingu-10. I-astrophytum ifuna ukukhula emithambekeni enamahlumela ezintabeni, ama-limestones kanye namatshe amakhulu. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwemvelo: eNingizimu Melika, eTexas, eMexico. Ukuze kube nokukhiqizwa, izinhlobo zezitshalo zokuvotela zisetshenzisiwe kunalesi sifo futhi zithandekayo kubalimi. Kusukela kuhlobo olulodwa, ungakwazi ukukhula kalula ngama-hybrid amaningi. 
Isakhiwo saso sinebukhulu buka 5-15 cm ububanzi futhi sinezigaba ezingu-8. Izinhlangothi ze-cactus ziyifomu elithambile-ribbed. Inombolo yezigaba noma izinhlangothi zezinhlobo ezahlukene zihlukile - kusuka ezicucini ezingu-5 ukuya kwezi-8. Umbala - kusuka eluhlaza kuze kube nsundu. Amachashazi amancane amhlophe emaphethelweni amathanga amancane ezinwele ezingamunca umswakama emoyeni. Ezinye zezinkanyezi ze-astrophytum zinamapiksi abukhali, kanti ezinye zinama-spikes athambile noma akekho nhlobo.
Uma lesi sitshalo sikhula ezimweni ezinhle, singakwazi ukuqhakaza entwasahlobo kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi, kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Iphuzi elimhlophe noma elimhlophe lifinyelela ku-7-8 cm ububanzi. Izimbali zikhona phezulu kwesitshalo. Isithelo yi-drupe, ngezinye izikhathi igrey, pink noma ebomvu.
Kubalulekile! I-astrophitum yabantu abadala ilukhuni kakhulu ukunakekela. Izimila zingafa ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho ekuqukethwe kwayo.
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zaleli cactus:
- Astrophytum asterias (inkanyezi) - I-cactus edume kakhulu yale genus. Lesi sitshalo siyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi esinama-8 ohlangothini lwesimo esimweni senkanyezi. Liyindawo ehlala ematheni asehlane laseMexico naseTexas. Ububanzi besitshalo ngu-15 cm. Ububanzi buyi-8 cm. Ubuso bumbozwe amachashazi amhlophe, izinwele, izimpande azikho. Umbala - obumnyama obumnyama. Izimbali ziphuzi. Isikhathi sokumbali - entwasahlobo;
- I-astrophytum capricorne (i-Capricornus) - i-cactus ekhulayo. Ukuziqhenya kwe-astrophytum capricorn ukuthi iqala ukuthuthukisa njengebhola, bese ikhishwa futhi iba yinkimbinkimbi. Indawo yokuhlala - ihlane enyakatho yeMexico. Ububanzi besitshalo ngu-10 cm. Ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-25 cm. Kuyi-cactus eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enezinamba ezingu-7-9 eziveziwe, ameva omude kakhulu anameva kanye nezimbali eziphuzi ezineziko elibomvu. Isikhathi sokumbali sihlobo. Umdwebo wameva awo wawuyisisekelo segama ngenxa yokufana kwawo nophondo lwezimbuzi;
- I-Astrophytum caput-medusae (ikhanda le-jellyfish) - Lokhu kuyi-cactus engavamile. I-stem yayo ephansi futhi eyancipha kakhulu ifana neminwe. Ukuma kuyi-cylindrical, elongated, ijika. UBush akavamile, kepha kunezibonelo ezinjalo ezifana ne-coral. Ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-19 cm. Isiqu sigcwele ama-tubercles amancane. Ebusheni babo, ama-tubercles anesimo se-cylindrical noma ngezinye izikhathi esiyingqayizivele, esifana nesimo samagqabi. Ihlanganiswe ngama-crystals. Umbala unama-grayish. Izimbali zincane, aziqedi 0.5 cm ububanzi, ziphuzi. Ijazi lesithelo ligcwele izikali nesikhumba "esimhlophe" esimhlophe. Ukuma kwesithelo kuyindilinga. Umbala - oluhlaza;
- I-Astrophytum coahuilense (Coahul) - ukuma okumnandi okuyizinhlangothi ezinezimbambo ezinhlanu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ingadonselwa ku-cylinder. Izimbambo, ezinesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi esemncane, ziba ngaphezulu uma zikhula. Ikhula eMexico. Ifinyelela ku-50 cm ukuphakama no-20 cm ngobubanzi. Izimbali ziphuzi ezinezimpawu ezibomvu zomzimba, nakuba zingabonakala zibomvu noma ziphuzi eziphuzi kakhulu. Umbala wezithelo - kusuka ebomvu kuya komnqumo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-basalt;
- I-Astrophytum myriostígma (i-multifilament) ikhula ezindaweni eziphakeme ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga nephakathi kweMexico. Phakathi kwabathelisi kubalwa njenge-cactus yangempela ngaphandle kwamameva. Kungaba khona kusukela emaphethelweni amathathu kuya kwangu-7 abizwa (kaningi kaningi - amahlanu). Izimbambo ezintsha zingabonakala zineminyaka yobudala. Ingqimba yesitshalo ihlanganiswe nezinwele ezincane ezimhlophe, ezinika umbala omhlophe. Lapho usemusha, i-cactus inesimo esiyindilinga esinebubanzi obuyi-4-6 cm. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ithola isakhiwo se-cylindrical. Imbali imhlophe ngesikhungo esiphuzi. Izithelo zakhiwa zibomvu, zishaya;
- I-Astrophytum ornatum (ehlotshisiwe) ikhula eMexico. Ikhula ngokuyinhloko emakhaleni asendle nasemadwaleni omlilo. Iphinde iboniswe ngesimo sezinkanyezi. Isici esiyinhloko salesi sitshalo yizingxenyana ezimhlophe zezingubo zoboya emaceleni ohlangothini. Lezi zinhlobo zibhekwa njengezikhulu kunazo zonke emndenini we-astrophytum. Igcina isimo esiphezulu, sifinyelele ububanzi obungama-20 cm (ku-floriculture yangaphakathi). Ehlane kukhona ama-specimens amakhulu. Umbala wemibala kusuka kohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya eluhlaza obumnyama. Kungaba ama-8 emaphethelweni wefomu eliqondile, kodwa kukhona nemiphetho egijima ekujuleni. Izimbali ze-apical, ezinkulu, i-lemon ephuzi, ububanzi obuyi-7-12 cm. Izingxenye zangaphakathi ze-perianth ziyi-oblong ngokubanzi, ene-pepe ebanzi, engaphezulu noma encane.
Uyazi? I-cactus "ikhanda le-jellyfish" yavulwa kuphela ngo-2002 futhi yayiqale yahlukaniswa ibe yizinhlobo ezihlukile, ngoba ayibukeka sengathi ikhona enye i-cactus emhlabeni.
Izimo zokuhlakulela ekhaya ngokuphumelelayo
Kuzo zonke izitshalo, ngaphandle kokunye, uma zikhula, zicabangisisa ngezinga elidingekayo lokukhanyisa, imvamisa kanye nemibandela yokunisela, umswakama womoya nokushisa kwayo. Kulezi zinhlanzi, lezi zimingcele zinemiqondo ehlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka. Ngakho, phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo, i-astrophytum iyathuthuka. Le nkathi iqala ngoMashi futhi iphethwe ngoSepthemba. Ebusika, isitshalo singakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi ngokulinganisela sidle amanzi.
Indawo
Nikeza isitshalo ngokukhanya okukhanyayo okukhanyayo. Ngelanga eliqondile, ukushisa kungenzeka emkhathini. Amanye ama-astrophitum angakwazi ukumelana nokukhanya kwelanga, kodwa kuphakanyiswa ukusebenzisa amawindi asempumalanga nasempumalanga ekubekeni kwawo. Ehlobo kunconywa ukubeka izimbiza emgwaqweni ebusuku ukuze zivikeleke emvuleni ongazelelwe. 
Ehlobo, kuyinto efiselekayo ku-pritenyat cactus ntambama, ikakhulu uma ifakwe efasiteleni lesentshonalanga. Ebusika, amahora okukhanya kwemini, ngokuphambene nalokho, adinga ukwandiswa ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo egumbini kuze kube amahora angu-8-10.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuntuleka kokukhanyisa, i-astrophytum izoqala ukweluleka ubude kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sokwemvelo futhi sizoqala ukulahlekelwa umbala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ngeke ukwazi ukuqhakaza.
Izimo zokushisa
I-Astrophytum ikhula kahle ezimweni ezishisayo. Ehlobo, i-metabolism iyenzeka kakhulu kulokhu, ngakho-ke ukushisa okunethezeka ekhaya kungu-22 ... + 28 ° ะก. Esikhathini kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya entwasahlobo, ama-succulents aphumula. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lingancipha kancane kancane + kufika ku-10 ... +14 ° C. Amanye ama-astrophitum amelana namazinga okushisa kuze kufike ku + 4 ° C.
Umswakama womoya
Umswakama kufanele ube okulinganiselwe, hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-60%. Itholakala efulethini, ejabule kakhulu neCacti ngaphandle kokulungiswa. Uma uzobabeka emgwaqweni, khona-ke lapho kunomswakama ophezulu (isimo sezulu sezulu) badinga ukuhlanzwa futhi ungakhohlwa ukucubungula ama-fungicide kusuka kubhaktheriya nokubola. 
Ukunakekelwa ekhaya
Abalimi be-Novice bathanda i-cacti ukuze bakwazi ukunakekelwa. Abaningi babo bathuthuka kahle, ngisho noma ungenzi lutho. Kunconywa abalimi be-Novice ukuthi bakhule i-Astrophytum ornatum noma i-Astrophytum myriostigma, engavumi kakhulu ezimweni. Izitshalo zidinga umhlabathi omsulwa ogcwele kahle. Bayodinga futhi indawo efanelekile yokukhula nokuphuza masonto onke ehlobo. Engeza umanyolo omncane, futhi izilwane ezifuywayo zizokujabulela, nakuba ukukhula kancane.
Uyazi? I-US National Park Service ifaka ama-microchips ku-cacti ekhula emapaki futhi iyingxenye yezilwane ezivikelwe ukuze kuvikelwe ukweba kwabo. Amasela akha ama-cacti, ehlela ukudayiswa okungemthetho emitholampilo nabaninikhaya. Ama-chips asiza ithrekhi futhi abone i-cacti ngemva kokuthengisa.
Izici zokunisela
Ukuchelela okufanelekayo kwe-astrophytum kuyinto evelele. Ungadluli ngamanzi. I-succulents iqoqa umswakama, ngakho-ke isikhathi esithile singenza ngaphandle kokuchelela nhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye balaba bantu abahlala ezindaweni zasemgwaqeni bangase bahlehle futhi baqale kabusha intuthuko emva kwesikhathi semvula ngenxa yezimpande ezigcinwe. 
Ukuphuza i-astrophytum ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi ezimbili nezimo ezikhethekile:
- Ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukuchelela kwenziwa cishe masonto onke. Nisela amanzi isitshalo ukuze kugcwale kakhulu umswakama. Vumela inhlabathi ukuthi yomile kahle. Phakathi nosuku, lesi sitshalo asikhuli futhi siqala ukutshala umswakama kanye nezakhi emva kokushona kwelanga, ngakho-ke u-amanzi emva kwe-18: 00.
- Ukuze ugweme ukuhambisana kwenhlabathi, abanye abalimi benza amanzi okuphuza okuphansi. Thela amanzi ekamelweni lokushisa epanini bese ushiya imizuzu engu-20 ukuvumela i-substrate ukuthi ithathe inani elidingekayo liketshezi, bese usula amanzi asele. Ungashiyi amanzi isikhathi eside, ukuze ungadala izimo ezihle zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo eziphilayo.
- Kusukela ekwindla kuze kufike entwasahlobo, ukuchelela kumiswa, kodwa bayakwenza kancane kancane. Izinga lokunisela lilinganiselwa emaconsi (angabi ngaphezu kwama-30 g) isitshalo ngasinye futhi angenziwa okungaphezu kwe-1 isikhathi ngenyanga. Okungavamile isimo uma uhlaka lwe-succulent lubukhali, futhi ubona ukuthi ukulondoloza isimo ofuna ukuwuthululela. Lapho izinga lokushisa liwela ngezansi + 10 ° C, ukuchelela kumile ngokuphelele.
Ukuphuza kaningi ngamanzi afudumele. Ukuthambisa kwamanzi kusiqala lapho isitshalo sibonisa izimpawu zokukhula kwezikhukhula ezintsha kanye nesikhumba esincane.
Uyazi? Amacembe e-Cactus empeleni ashintshiwe amaqabunga anganikeza izakhi ezisuka emoyeni. I-photosynthesis ye-cacti ithwala isiqu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Lesi sitshalo sikholwa kanye ngenyanga ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. Lokhu kungaba umanyolo ofana nawo wonke ama-cacti, kodwa ngokuhlushwa okubuthakathaka. Kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla, bavame ukusebenzisa umanyolo olinganiselayo, okuyingxenye elinganayo aqukethe i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium - 20:20:20, noma usebenzise umanyolo ngenani elincishisiwe le-nitrogen. Kusukela ukuwa kwe-astrophytum ukuyeka ukudla. Uma kungenjalo, ukugxila okuphezulu kwamaminerali omquba enhlabathini kungalimaza isimo sesitshalo ebusika.
Ukufakelwa
Ukufakelwa kwe-astrophytum kwenziwa kuphela uma kunesidingo. Izimpande ezinogwadule zilukhuni ukululama futhi zithole izimpande, futhi izitshalo zingase zife. Ukungafani yizimo lapho izimpande zidlulela khona isikhala sembiza.
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-cactus ngaphansi kwebhodlela, ungqimba lwendwanguzo, izitini eziqhekekile noma obunwetshiwe kubhekwe ukususa umswakama ongaphezu kwezimpande. Amatshe okuhlobisa kufanele abekwe phezu komhlaba emva kokufakelwa kabusha. Uma kungenjalo, intamo yesitshalo sangaphambi kwempondo iqala ukubola. 
Ukutshala izihlahla kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho lesi sitshalo sukuma bese siqala ukukhula. Lokhu kubonakala embala wangaphandle we-astrophytum. Ubuso bayo buqala ukukhanya. Ukuze ukuguqulwa sebenzisa ibhodlela 3-4 cm elikhulu kunomkhawulo odlule.
Imifudlana ihamba ngokucophelela kwenye ibhodlela kanye nomhlabathi. Isitshalo ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha akusiwo amanzi amaningi izinsuku eziningi. Futhi ishintshwe kusukela omile kuze kube ngaphansi kwe-substrate. Isikhathi sokuqala sokuchelela senziwa ngesonto emva kokufakelwa kabusha.
Kubalulekile! I-cacti yabantu abadala ayincoma ukuphindaphinda okungaphezu kwesisodwa njalo eminyakeni emihlanu.
Ukuzala
I-Astrophytum ikhiqiza imbewu kuphela. Ukuhluma kwembewu kuvame ukuphakama. Hlanganisa imbewu yokuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo. Ukuze uhlwanyele imbewu ye-astrophytum, kuyadingeka:
- Lungisa i-substrate yehlabathi leqabunga, umfula ogcweleyo noma isanti lesitolo kanye nemali yomlilo. Zonke izingxenye zithathwa ngokulinganisela okulinganayo.
- Izingxenye ezilungiselelwe zixutshwe futhi zimanziwe.
- Imbewu ayinqanyuliwe ngamanzi afudumele (+ 30 ... + 35 ° C) nesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-20. Khona-ke wabekwa ephepheni ukuze kumile kancane.
- Faka inhlabathi ebhodweni noma esitsheni.
- Hlwanyela imbewu bese uwafafaza phezulu ngendwangu yomhlabathi engekho ngaphezu kwe-1 cm.
- Vala ingilazi noma iplastiki ukuze udale i-mini-greenhouse enezinga lokushisa lomoya elingaba ngu-20 ° C.
- Susa ingilazi noma ifilimu njalo ukuze uvuselele futhi uhambise inhlabathi. Ukuphuza ngokwemvelo emva kokumiswa okuphelele kwenhlabathi. Umswakama ongaphezulu awuvumelekile.
- Ngeviki, amahlumela okuqala azovela. Lapho nje izithombo ziqina, kufanele zifakwe ezimbizeni ezihlukene.
Imbewu yokutshala yenziwa kusukela ngoMashi kuya ku-Agasti, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokukhula.
Izinkinga ekukhuleni
Ukunakekelwa okungcono kwe-astrophytum kungabangela izifo noma izinambuzane. Inkinga enkulu ivela ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okungalungile kwezinhlanganisela zenhlabathi. Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi yesitolo cishe kuqukethe i-peat, equkethe ama-microorganisms amaningi, lapho i-astrophytum engahlali khona futhi ingafa.
Uyazi? Umthunzi okhanyayo wezinhlanzi ze-cactus ubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga, ngaleyo ndlela kusiza isitshalo ukuba sipholile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izihlahla zivikela lesi sitshalo ezinyoni noma ezilwaneni ezingayisebenzisa njengomthombo wamanzi.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko zibhekene nezimbali zabalimi:
- Amabala aphansi ama-soft and isikhunta ngaphansi kwesitshalo. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuchelela okuningi, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Noma ukuphakama okukhulu kwenhlabathi, okungenakukwazi ukudlulisa ngokweqile umswakama. Shintsha ingxube yenhlabathi ukuze ikhulule, ngenhla ephezulu yeshlabathi noma i-perlite.
- Amabala aluhlaza emabhodweni - umphumela wokushisa kwelanga. Shada ifasitela noma uthuthele isitshalo endaweni ephakeme kakhulu.
- Izindawo ezikhanyisiwe zomonakalo - ukulimala yizinambuzane noma ukuphuza okunampofu ngezinga eliphakeme lekhasi, ukungabi namanzi okushisa nokushisa okuphansi ngesikhathi sokukhula. Hlola imibandela yakho ngokubhekisela futhi wenze izinguquko.
- Ukwehlisa isiqu kuyisibonakaliso sokukhanya okunganele noma ukushisa okuphezulu egumbini.
Izinambuzane
I-insects eyinhloko yezinambuzane ze-astrophytum yi-scythe. Lesi yisinambuzane esincane esivela emndenini we-coleoptera. Ibukeka njengendawo encane ejikelezayo ebusweni be-cactus.
Funda indlela yokubhekana nesihlangu ezitshalweni zasendlini.
Umzimba wezinambuzane uhlanganisa isihlangu esinamandla esingenakuvimbela izibulala-zinambuzane, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukususa inkathazo ngesandla ngenduku encane noma i-toothbrush efakwe kwisisombululo sensipho ye-insecticidal. 
Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, ungakwazi ukumboza inhlabathi ebhodweni ngephepha noma ifilimu ukwenza kube lula ukuqoqa izinambuzane eziwile. Izindawo ezilimazwa yizinambuzane zingelashwa ngamalahle ukuze kugweme ukutheleleka nge-phytopathogens.
Funda mayelana nezitshalo ezithandekayo kakhulu zokulima ekhaya.
Izifo
Izifo eziyinhloko ze-astrophytum, kanye nezinye i-cacti, zihlotshaniswa nokubola kwe-fungal kanye ne-bacterial. Isitshalo esinempilo esitshaliwe sikwazi ukubhekana nenkinga encane eyedwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ihlaselwa yizinambuzane, i-phytopathogens ingena endaweni ewonakele yezicubu zezitshalo. Bangakwazi futhi ukungena ezimpandeni ezibolayo ngokuswakama okunamandla nokuphuza okuncane.
Uma inkinga itholakele, uzodinga
- Lungiselela ummese oyinyumba (uphathwe ngamanzi nge-bleach noma utshwala).
- Susa isitshalo ebhodweni.
- Hlola izimpande bese uthola zonke izindawo ezichaziwe, nezindawo zombala obomvu noma obomvu.
- Sika yonke indawo ethintekile.
- Fafaza ubuso obunqunyiwe ngamalahle.
Ungasebenzisa futhi ama-fungicides ukucubungula, kepha angase aphumelele ngokumelene nezifungi ezihlukahlukene ezidala ukubola. Ukwelashwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwezitshalo nge-fungicide esekelwe ngethusi nakho kuyasetshenziswa.
Uyazi? I-Strange, kodwa ngisho ne-cacti encane ibe nezimpande ezinkulu. Zingase zilale phansi, kodwa zande endaweni ephakeme kakhulu, zihlanganisa indawo engaba ngu-2 m ububanzi obuzungeza lesi sitshalo, izitsha ezibanzi kangaka zithandwa ukutshala i-cacti kunokuba izimbiza.Iqembu lezifo ezilandelayo lingabangelwa ukungabi namaminerali emhlabathini. Ngenxa yalokho, yaba i-alkaline kakhulu. Yilokho okwenzekayo uma ukuchelela kukhiqizwa emanzini kampompi ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chlorine. Iqoqa enhlabathini futhi ishintsha izinga le-acidity. Zama ukusebenzisa i-potassium dihydrophosphate emhlabathini, ngokulandela imiyalelo ephaketheni ekulungiseleleni. Ukunisela ngamanzi ahlukanisiwe noma emvula nakho kuxazulula le nkinga.
Izifo zingase zihlotshaniswe nokuningi ngokweqile kwama-phytopathogens enhlabathini ngesisekelo se-peat. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo sibukeka siphelile, ukukhula kumile. Ukutshala i-astrophytum enhlabathini efanelekayo.Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokunakekelwa kwezitshalo kuyokusiza ukuba ugweme iningi lezinkinga futhi uyojabula ngezimbali.Kodwa kufanele futhi ucabange ukuthi i-cactus ayilona isimo sezulu esishisayo, futhi singase sife ngenxa yemiphumela yezinto ezikhona zemvelo. Futhi lokhu akunjalo ngenxa yamaphutha omlimi.
