Indlela yokukhulisa ama-orchid kusuka enzalweni ekhaya?

Akungabazeki ukuthi kuyoba khona okungenani oyedwa okhulisa imifino ongeke aphuze ukuba ne-orchid kwesinye sezitshalo ezinhle kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele ensimini yakhe yembali yasekhaya. Kodwa-ke, abanye bayesaba ukuhlakanipha kwayo. Abanye besaba ubunzima ekuzalweni kwawo. Lesi sihloko silabo abanesithakazelo embuzweni ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukusabalalisa i-orchid ngendlela yenzalo.

Okuqukethwe:

• Imigomo nemibandela efanele yokufika ekhaya
• Ilungiselela ukufika
• Indlela yokutshala nokukhula imbewu
• Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo
• Aftercare
• Indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane nezifo

Izici zezimbali

I-Orchid ibhalwa njengomndeni we-Orchid. Lesi yisitshalo esiqhakazayo, esimelwa namuhla yizinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo, ezihlukile ekuphakameni kwezinga, ubukhulu, ukuma nombala wezimbali. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-25. Ngenxa yemizamo yabalimi, amafomu ama-hybrid ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100 avele.

Uhlelo lwempande yalesi siko lusethuthukile kakhulu. Yakha izimpande ezinhlangothini nezomoya.

Ukuphakama kwe-stem kungaba okuhlukile. Kunezinhlobo ze-compact, ezifinyelela ubude obungama-30 cm, futhi ubude, lapho isitshalo sikhula khona ku-1 m.

Ama-inflorescences akhiwa ngendlela yokushayela emlenzeni noma e-spike. Ubukhulu obukhulu bezimbali ezibekwa ku-inflorescence ngu-25 cm. Amagalelo amhlophe, amnyama, aphuzi, a-lilac, aphuzi, amnyama, anesibalo se-inclusions ngesimo sokushaya, amachashazi. Izimbali zinephunga elimnandi.

Ekamelweni lamakamelo lakhulile 2 izinhlobo zama-orchid:

1. I-monopodial - Isiqu siphakeme.
2. Ukungafani - Isiqu sikhula ngokugcwele.

Uyazi? Emvelweni, kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-orchid ezingenakuzimela ngokuzenzekelayo izithombeynthesis. Bahola indlela yokuphila e-epiphytic - bahlale kwezinye izitshalo, bejule ezingxenyeni zabo ze-mycelium, ezisezimpandeni, ngaleyo ndlela bathole izakhi.

Imigomo nemibandela efanele yokufika ekhaya

I-orchid ingasakazwa ngezindlela ezingu-5:

• peduncle peduncle;
• ukudubula i-peduncle emanzini;
• izakhiwo zomoya;
• igatsha lezingane;
• imbewu.

Indlela yokugcina yesikhathi esiningi sokudla nokude. Kufanelekile kulabo bantu abathanda kakhulu ukulimala ekhaya, bangabeka eceleni isikhathi salolu hlelo futhi babe nesineke esinomthelela. Imifino ezitshalweni ezikhuliswe yindlela yembewu kwenzeka eminyakeni engama-4-5 emva kokutshala.

Kumele kuthiwa abalimi abazange bakwazi ukusabalalisa i-orchid isikhathi eside endleleni yembewu. Isizathu siwukuthi imbewu yale mbali incane kakhulu, kunzima ukuyiqoqa nokutshala, ngaphandle kokuba ibe namaphesenti aphansi kakhulu okuhluma. Ngo-1903, i-mycologist yaseFrance uNoel Bernard wafinyelela esiphelweni sokuthi imbewu ye-orchid ayihlwanyeli, ngoba ayinayo izakhi. Kwakungenzeka ukuba zihlume kuphela ngokutheleleka ngesikhunta esincane. Ngenxa yalokhu, usosayensi wakwazi ukuthola izithombo ze-orchid zokuqala.

Namuhla, ukuze zihlume imbewu, zitshalwe engxenyeni yezakhi. Ukufika kuyenzeka entwasahlobo. Ekamelweni lapho ukuhluma kuzokwenziwa khona, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa + 25 ... + 28 ° С, umswakama 70% nosuku olukhanyayo amahora angu-14. Izimo ezinjalo zingatholakala ngokuhlela i-mini-greenhouse noma i-greenhouse.

Ilungiselela ukufika

Ukukhiqizwa ngendlela yenzalo, kuyotholakala ukuthenga:

• imbewu;
• izithako ze-substrate ezondla;
• umthamo wokuhluma nokukhethwa.

Imbewu ingathengwa ku-intanethi. Umhlinzeki oyinhloko wezinhlamvu zembewu yiChina. Izindleko zaso azishibhile. Isibonelo, ama-40 ama-PC. Imbewu ye-Phalaenopsis (enye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zama-orchid) ingathengwa ngama-3.50 euro. Ngokuvamile imbewu inikezwa kanye nemiyalelo yokutshala. Umkhiqizi ukhombisa ukuthi imbewu yokuhluma i-80%.

Imbewu ingatholakala futhi esitshalweni esivele sikhona, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu, impova yokufakelwa kufanele iyenze.

Funda nokuthi ungathola kanjani i-orchid ukuze iqhume.

Ukuhlwanyelwa kwembewu akukwenziwe emabhokisini, kodwa kumabhodlela eglasi noma izimbiza ezinamabhodlela. Ama-flasks angathengwa esitolo esikhethekile.

I-substrate yokuhluma nayo ingavamile - kufanele ibe i-agar-agar, isikhala somsoco sika Lewis Knudson noma i-moss-sphagnum. Ukukhula ngohlobo lokugcina lwe-substrate-sphagnum - kungabangela inkinga ngoba kunzima ukuyenza ibe yinyumba futhi ngezinga elithile le-acidity.

Ukuhluma kuyinto engaphelele.

Ngalokhu udinga:

1. Faka izinkinobho noma izimbiza ezinamabhodlela, njengokulondolozwa - ukuveza ukubilisa, ukugcoba, ukugcoba kuhhavini noma i-microwave. Ubude benkambiso yenqubo yokuzalisa inzalo ngamaminithi angu-30-40. Ku-microwave ngamandla agcwele - imizuzu engu-3-5.
2. E-agar-agar (10-15 g) uthele amanzi ukuze avuke.
3. Letha emathunjini amanzi ahlanzekile (200 ml).
4. Faka i-agar-agar evuthayo, i-glucose (10 g), i-fructose (10 g) emanzini abilayo. With ezivusayo njalo, qeda zonke izithako.
5. Ukuze ufinyelele i-asidi oyifunayo ye-4.8-5.2 pH, faka i-drop 1 ye-potassium carbonate noma i-potash isisombululo, i-orthophosphoric acid. I-pH kufanele ihlolwe ngephepha le-litmus, okumele lithengwe kusengaphambili esitolo esithile esikhethekile.
6. Thela ikhambi elishisayo emaflaskini noma izimbiza.
7. Vala iziqukathi ezinamabhodlela.
8. Beka epanini lamanzi ngamaminithi angu-30.
9. Hlola ubumpofu ngokuvala izitsha ngekotini bese ubashiya kule ndawo izinsuku ezingu-5.
10. Imizuzu engu-10 ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu kule substrate enezakhi, kumele ifakwe kwisisombululo se-chlorine (10 g CaCl² / 100 ml amanzi).

Kubalulekile! Imbewu yembewu kufanele itshalwe kuphela e-substrate eye yadlula ukuhlolwa kwezintambo. Uma emva kwezinsuku ezingu-5 isikhunta sikhiwe kuwo, akufanelekile ukutshala. Kudinga ukulungiswa kwe-substrate entsha.

Indlela yokutshala nokukhula imbewu

Ukuhlwanyela kuyadingeka ukwakha izimo eziyinyumba.

Lokhu kwenziwa kanje:

1. Ama-flasks noma izimbiza afakwa esiteleni, esabekwa ngaphezu kwe-steam evela emanzini abilayo.
2. Ama-tweezers anenzalo.
3. Imbewu ithathwa ngokugqwala futhi ifakwe ebhodini, elizanyazanyiswa njalo ukuze imbewu isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo kwi-substrate.
4. Amandla afakwe izembozo.
5. Kufakwa efubeni lokushisa, ukushisa okuncane noma igumbi elinemikhiqizo ephakanyisiwe.

Isikhathi sokuvela kwamahlumela siyoxhomekeka ezinhlotsheni ezikhulile. Ezinye zihluma ngemva kwenyanga, ukubukeka kwabanye kubalulekile ukulinda cishe unyaka. Amahlumela ekuqaleni afana namabhola amancane. Bese bevela amashidi, bese kuphela izimpande.

Unyaka ozayo, amahlumela azodinga ukudonsa, okungukuthi, ahlezi eziqukathi ezihlukene, enhlabathini engakaze ibe yinyumba. Ngalesi sizathu, izibuko ezivamile zenziwe nge-plastic transparent. Zigcwele ama-sphagnum moss, ahlanganiswe nezimpande ze-fern ne-pine ngokulinganisela okulinganayo nokuchotshozwa kwamalahle asetshenzisiwe (amaphilisi ayishumi / 1 l ye-substrate). Isikhathi sehora ngaphambi kokuba amahlumela afakwe emhlabathini onjalo, athululelwa ngamanzi abilayo.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhethwa kanje:

1. Amahlumela ahoxisiwe emaflask usebenzisa i-forceps ekuhambeni okuyisigidi. Uma lokhu kuyinkinga, i-substrate igcwele ngamanzi afudumele futhi ulindele ukuba abe yi-liquid.
2. Ihlumela ngalinye elikhishwe lifakwa ekomelweni elihlukile.
3. Amandla afakwa ezimweni ezifudumele.
4. Esikhathini esizayo, amahlumela azodinga ukuba njalo, uma kudingeka, ahlongozwe esitokisini se-spray ngamanzi afudumele afilled.

Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde indlela yokusebenzisa i-cytokinin unamathela wokuzalanisa ama-orchid.

Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo

Izitshalo zitshalo enhlabathini evamile kanye nokumbiza okungapheli kungaba izinyanga ezingu-6 emva kokukhetha. Ukuze utshale uthole isitsha se-ceramic noma eplastiki ngokuhambisana nobukhulu be-rhizome.

Inhlabathi ingabuye ithengwe esitolo. Kudingeka ukhethe izansi lapho ukupakisha khona kuchazwa "Nge-orchids". Kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ilula, ikhululekile, inomswakama omuhle kanye nokuqhuba umoya. Kungenziwa futhi ngesandla.

Kunezinketho eziningi zokulungiselela ukuxubana, kuye ngokuthi izinhlobo ezikhulile:

1. Amalahle (ingxenye engu-1) + i-pine bark (izingxenye ezingu-5).
2. I-pine bark (izingxenye ezingu-5) + i-moss sphagnum (izingxenye ezimbili) + amalahle (ingxenye engu-1).
3. I-Humus (izingxenye ezintathu) + i-peat (ingxenye engu-1) + amalahle (ingxenye engu-1) + i-conifer bark (ingxenye engu-1).

Uma inhlabathi ithengwa esitolo, awudingi ukuyibulala nge-disinfection. Abakhiqizi banakekele lokhu. Hlanganisa, uphekwe ngezandla zakhe, ukuze uphethwe i-disinfected. Ungayigcina isigamu sehora phezu kwe-steam, ubilise, ushise kuhhavini noma i-microwave, uthele i-1% yekhambi le-manganese noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, amanzi abilayo. Ngaphambi kokutshala amahlumela enhlabathini enqabile, kufanele igcinwe izinsuku ezingu-3-4 ukuze zome.

Ukuze uhlume kahle amahlumela e-orchid ebhodweni elihlala njalo, kumele:

1. Thela ungqimba oluphezulu lwamanzi phansi kwebhodlela ukuze kuthathe i-1/4 yethangi. Njengoba impahla yokudonsa isetshenziswe ngobumba, isitini ephukile, itshe elichotshoziwe.
2. Thela ungqimba lomhlabathi emanzini.
3. Uhlumela ukubeka phakathi kwebhodlela.
4. Spread out uhlelo lwempande.
5. Gcwalisa lo mhlaba ngomhlaba, ushiye i-1.5-2 cm emaphethelweni ebhodweni.
6. Yenza izintende zezandla ezilula.
7. Hlanganisa

Funda nokuthi ungayinisela kanjani i-orchid ekhaya.

Aftercare

Ukuze uhlakulele ama-orchid ngokuphumelelayo udinga ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo nokuhlala njalo, ukuchelela okujwayelekile okuphezulu, ukuphuza umoya okuvamile.

Ukukhanyisa kufanele kube okukhanyayo, kepha kwahlukana. Ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuqondile kwembali kuyaphikisana. Usuku lokukhanya kufanele luhlale kusuka emahoreni angu-12 kuya kwangu-14. Ebusika, isitshalo sangaphakathi kufanele sikhule ngokukhanya okubonakalayo kusuka izibani ze-fluorescent.

Ukukhanyisa okunenzuzo kungatholakala uma ukhula i-orchid e-window esempumalanga nesentshonalanga. Ehlangothini oluseningizimu, ukukhanya kudingeke kuhlukaniswe, futhi isitshalo sibe nomthunzi. Ezinye izinhlobo zingakhula ngasenyakatho, kodwa iningi lale ndawo ngeke likwazi ukukhula - noma lilahlekelwe umphumela walo wokuhlobisa noma liyabuna.

Ehlobo nasehlobo, i-orchid izwa ikhululekile ekushiseni kwe-20 ... + 25 ° С. Ngamazinga aphakeme, izinhlobo eziningi zenqaba ukuqhakaza. Ebusika, imbali idinga isikhathi esibi kakhulu sinciphise izinga lokushisa kuya ku-16 ... + 18 ° C. Umswakama unyaka wonke kufanele ugcinwe ku-60-70%. Imingcele enjalo ingafinyelelwa ngokupompa okuvamile, isebenze i-humidifier, ibeka ibhodlela epanethi ngamagatsha anamanzi. Uma uphefa kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi amaconsi awawa phezu kwezitho zesitshalo, njengoba lokhu kuholela ekubukeni kwamabala.

Ukunisela imbali kwenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho isisindo sezinyosi - ngokuvamile izikhathi 2-3 ngesonto. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, kuyoba nesikhathi esanele 1 emavikini angu-1-1,5.

Kubalulekile! Ekusetshenzisweni kokunisela kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-orchid ivame ukubekezelela ukomiso okwesikhashana, okungahambisani nomswakama oqhubekayo. Ngisho nezikebhe ezincane ziholela ekufeni kwesitshalo.

Hlanganisa imbali egumbini ngamanzi okumpompi adlule ngokusebenzisa isihlungi esisusa i-chlorine kanye nokungcola okulimazayo, noma ukulungiswa izinsuku ezingu-1-2.

Kulo mbali ujabule izimbali ezijwayelekile futhi eside, kufanele zondliwe ngezikhathi ezithile. Izitshalo zisetshenziswa ngenkathi ekhulayo - kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla zakuqala, 1 isikhathi emavikini amabili. Basebenzisa umquba womhlaba wonke: i-Agricola, i-Kemiru Universal, i-Doctor FOLI, i-Mister Color-Wagon, noma ama-formulations okwakhiwe ngokukhethekile kule ndawo yekamelo, isibonelo, uMister Color Orchid, uDokotela FOLI Orchid.

Umanyolo usetshenziswa kuphela emva kokunisela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kukhona ingozi yokuvutha izimpande. Izitshalo ezigulayo azitholakali, ngesikhathi sokuphumula kanye nalabo abafakwe ngaphansi kwezinyanga ezingedlule.

I-orchid ibekezelela ukufakelwa kabi. Ngakho-ke, likhiqizwa kuphela njengesenzo sokugcina ngendlela yokuguqula. Ukuze ungaphazanyisi ubuhle obungenakuqhathaniswa futhi, kungcono ukumane uvuselele isihloko sezinyawo minyaka yonke.

Indlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane nezifo

Uma imingcele ye-microclimate enconyiwe iphulwa noma izinyathelo zokunakekelwa zinganakwa, imbali ilahlekelwa umphumela wayo wokuhlobisa, iqala ukuphumula noma ifakwe izinambuzane eziyingozi.

Kulezi zifo, i-orchid ngokuvamile isongela impande yokubola. Ithinta isitshalo, uma ivame ukuthululwa futhi igcinwe ezimweni ezibandayo kakhulu. Imbali ibuna, amaqabunga akhe awela. Ukuze umlondoloze, ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka. Lesi sitshalo sisuswa ebhodweni, sinqunywe izimpande ezigulayo, futhi siphathwa ngempilo ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma nanoma iyiphi i-fungicide yohlelo. Izindawo ngemuva kokucubungula izimpande zenziwe ngamapulangwe ngamakhaza asebenzayo noma amalahle. Ngakho-ke isitshalo esiphathwe ngayo sitshaliswa singene emhlabathini omusha nasembizeni.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokuvimbela nokuphatha ama-orchid ngezifo.

Kulezi zinambuzane ze-orchid ziyingozi kakhulu:

1. Isibungu se-spider. Lesi yisinambuzane esincane esiphuza esingu-0.1-0.2 cm usayizi, esihlala ezitshalweni ezikhulayo emazingeni aphezulu okushisa kanye nomswakama ophansi. Kungaba omnyama noma obomvu. Inqubo yokuphila ishiya amahlamvu kuwebhu. Lesi sitshalo siphenduka phambi kwayo ngokuhlunga nokusabalalisa amahlamvu, ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama emaqabunga. Ukuze uphulukise imbali, idinga ukufuthwa nge-garlic ekhishwa, ephathwa nge-Apollo, i-Flumaite, i-Sunmite acaricides.

2. I-Mealybug. Uma inambuzane encane enesayizi ka-0.2-0.5 cm, umzimba wayo ombozwe ngezimhlophe ezimhlophe nezinwele, kuphawulwa embali, khona-ke lokhu kuyisimo se-mealybug. Esikhathini sokuphila kwakhe okulimazayo, ushiya emhlabathini bese esitshala izimpawu zombala omhlophe obukeka njengezingcezu zoboya bekotini. Uma ihlala phezu kwembali, iyancipha noma igweme ukukhula. Ukwelapha isiko langaphakathi kungaphathwa ngegalikhi, ukumnika ugwayi, kusho ukubulala izinambuzane kusho "Intavir", "Fufanon", "Decis".

3. Shchitovka. Lezi zinambuzane zingabonwa ngegobolondo kanzima ngemuva. Ushiya amanzi enamathela emgqonyeni. Balwa nalo ngesandla - bayaliqeda ngebhayisikili. Futhi ukhiqize ukwelashwa ngesisombululo se-acetic acid, u-garlic akhiphe. Uma ukutheleleka kukhulu, khona-ke ukwelashwa kufanele kuxhunywe ne "Fitoverm", "Aktellik", "Metafos".

4. Aphid. Leli bhubhane elincane lokuncelisa ngomzimba wombala oluhlaza noma omnyama. Mhlawumbe ngamaphiko noma ngaphandle kwabo. I-Aphid iphuza ijusi kusuka embali, ngenxa yokuthi idlula, amaqabunga ayo aphuzi futhi amile. Insect ibhujiswe yi-soph rubbing, i-spraying insecticides.

5. I-fly fly. Kuyinto butterfly encane ngamaphiko amhlophe. Izibungu zalo zidla amaqabunga. Kudingeka ukwelapha isitshalo esithintekile ngokukhipha ugwayi, amakhemikhali "Actellic", "Inta-Vir", "Fitoverm", "Aktara".

Ngamaphutha ekunakekeleni nasekugcinweni kwekamelo lamakamelo kungenzeka ushintsho lwezici ngokubukeka:

1. Amashidi amnyama. Lesi sibonakaliso sibonisa ukuthi imbali ikhula ngokukhanya okuphansi. Ibhodlela kufanele lithuthelwe endaweni ekhanyayo noma ukukhanya okungeziwe kufanele kuhlelwe.
2. Amashidi aphuzi, avele amabala asundu. Lesi isibonakaliso semiphumela eyingozi yemisebe yelanga. Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuguqula noma ukuthuthela endaweni enezibani eziningi.
3. Kube nomngcele omnyama emaphethelweni wamashidi. Lolu shintsho lubonisa umswakama ophansi. Kubalulekile ukwandisa lesi sibalo, njalo uhlanza imbali.
4. Ama-Buds awela phansi, angaveli. Ukunakekelwa kumele kuhoxiswe kumvamisa kanye nomthamo wokunisela, njengoba lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sobumswakama obuningi.
5. Lesi sitshalo asiyikukhulula ama-flower stalks. Izizathu zokuntuleka kwezimbali ziningi. Ngokuvamile, le nkinga ivela lapho imbali ibumnyama kakhulu.
6. Amashidi aphansi. Lokhu kuziphatha kuyisici sesitshalo esikhukhulayo noma esithatheleleke nge-fungal infection. Kuzodingeka ukuthi umise umhlabathi futhi uphathe inhlabathi nganoma iyiphi i-fungicide systemic.

Uyazi? Imbali ebiza kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ibhekwa njengenhlobo yama-orchid e-Shenzhen Nongke. Abalimi baseChina bachitha iminyaka engu-8 ekukhethweni kwayo. Ngo-2005, lesi sitshalo sathengiswa endalini ngamadola ayizinkulungwane ezingama-202.

Ngakho-ke, ukukhulisa i-orchid kusuka enzalweni ekhaya akulula, kepha kuyiqiniso. Kubalulekile ukunamathela ezinconyweni zokutshala, ukulungisa zonke izithako ezidingekayo namadivaysi, bese uzokwazi ukukhulisa izitshalo zakho, okuzokuthokozisa ngobuhle obuhle kakhulu.