Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngo-salvia nezinhlobonhlobo zayo, sifunde ukuphindaphinda nokunakekela isitshalo. Sifunda indlela yokuqeda izinambuzane ze-salvia kanye nezakhi zokwelapha zalesi sitshalo.
Uyazi? USalvia (uSalvia) ovela kwisiLatini uhunyushwa ngokuthi "ukukhuthaza impilo." Elinye igama le-sage ngu-salvia.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-salvia
U-Salvia ungowomndeni wase-yasnekovy, onenhlobo engaba ngu-900 emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sitshalo sitholakala ezindaweni ezifudumele. I-Salvia ikhetha izindawo ezinomhlaba ezinjengezindlovu, amasimu, ama-wastelands namahlathi alula.
Kubantu abavamile, isitshalo sezokwelapha sabizwa ngokuthi i-sage, futhi izimbali zokuhlobisa zazibizwa ngokuthi i-salvia. Izitshalo zihlukaniswe izitshalo ezithisa ukushisa nokubandayo.
Izinhlobo ezingenayo indlala zihlanganisa izimbali ezinjalo:
1. Ihlathi laseSalvia liyisitshalo sokuhlobisa esiqhakaza ngezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka se-shades ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo izinhlobo eziningi zemvelo zadalwa: Schneehugel, Rose Queen, Blauhugel. 
2. I-Salvia Dubravnaya - isitshalo esingabandeki, esiyaziwa kakhulu ngezinhlobonhlobo zezimbali ezibomvu nezibomvu, okungukuthi: uCaradonna noSchwellenburg. 
3. I-Salvia inhlanzi - izimbali ezibomvu, ezibomvu noma ezimhlophe eziqhakaza ehlobo. Ezihlukahlukene ezidume kunazo zonke yi-Haematodes. 
4. USalvia Mutovchataya - isitshalo sokuhlobisa ngombala we-lilac wezimbali. Ikhula kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ekwindla. Uhlobo oluthile oludumile yiMvula Ebomvu. 
5. I-Salvia officinalis - isitshalo se-ornamental nesimithi. 
6. I-Salvia eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - isitshalo sokuhlobisa esiqhakaza ngezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusukela ngoJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba. 
7. I-Salvia Japanese - lesi sitshalo sivela eJapane ne-blooms kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba ngezimbali eziphuzi. 
I-salm Thermophilic ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo:
1. I-Salvia marsh - isitshalo esinothando sokushisa, livela eNingizimu Melika. Ikhula kuze kufike ku-2 m ukuphakama futhi inezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izimbali ziqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo futhi zihlala kuze kube phakathi kwekwindla. 
2. I-Salvia iyakhazimula - yonyaka, i-blooms kusukela ngoJuni kuze kuqale iqhwa. Umbala wezitshalo unombala obomvu obomvu. 
3. I-Salvia ebomvu - i-biennial ye-thermophilic, evela eNingizimu Melika. Izimbali ziqala ekupheleni kwehlobo. Umbala - omhlophe, obomvu nokubomvu. Izinhlobo ezidumile kunazo zonke ziyi-Lady in Red and Forest Fire. 
4. IsiSpanishi saseSpain - isitshalo sokuhlobisa ngezimbali ezibomvu. Izimbali ngoMeyi noJuni. Ifana nokuhlakanipha futhi isetshenziselwa ukupheka. 
5. I-Powdery salvia iyisitshalo sokuhlobisa esiqhakaza kusukela ehlobo kuya ekwindla. Umbala - obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezidumile yiVictoria. 
6. I-Salvia i-myrtle - shrub, yafika evela eMexico. Izimbali ezibomvu ezikhanyayo ziboniswa phakathi kwehlobo futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kwesithwathwa sokuqala. 
7. I-Salvia slim - isitshalo eside esivela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo. Umbala - obomvu. I-Salvia isetshenziselwa i-dessert noma izithelo ze-cocktails, njengoba zinekhwalithi engavamile yezithelo. Izinhlobo eziphawulekayo yi-Scarlet Pineapple ne-Tangerine Sage. 
8. Bleached salvia yisitshalo saseMexico esinezimbali ezimnyama eziyingxenye efihliwe ekomishini yesiliva. 
9. I-Salvia nutmeg (i-clary sage) ihlala isikhathi eside, izimbali eziqhubekayo entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Umbala - ukhilimu-obomvu, obomvu noma obuluhlaza. Amakhemikhali abalulekile awenziwe kusuka ku-clary sage, asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kanye nempepho. 
10. I-Salvia yambulwa - isitshalo esinothando sokushisa eMexico esiqhakaza kusukela ehlobo kuze kube phakathi kwekwindla. Umbala - obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ziyiCambridge Blue neBlue Angel. 
11. I-Salvia intaba iyisitshalo se-Texan esiqhakaza kusukela ekupheleni kwehlobo kuze kufike ekwindla. Umbala - obomvu. Lezi zihlukahlukene aziwa ngabalimi. 
Ukulima nokukhathalela
Ukukhula kwe-salvia kuwumsebenzi olula. Lesi sitshalo sithanda izwe elihle elihle futhi elimanzi elimanzi. Kumele kukhunjulwe uma udinga ukutshala isithombo. Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela salvia sincike ezinhlobonhlobo, kodwa isikhathi esihle sokutshala ngoFebhuwari-Mashi. I-salvia yezimbali ziqala izinyanga ezingu-4-5 emva kokuhlwanyela.
Ukulungiselela inhlabathi namathangi okutshala
Ukuze uqalise ukulungiselela ibhokisi lezithombo. Okuvamile kakhulu ngokhuni. I-bottom igcwale ingxube ye-claydite nenhlabathi ukuze ihlale ingaba ngu-2 cm kuya phezulu. Emva kwalokhu, i-substrate inamanzi amaningi futhi igcwele ingilazi, ishiya ubusuku bonke.
Ukulungiselela imbewu nokuhlwanyela
Kufanele kukhunjulwe indlela yokutshala kahle imbewu ye-salvia ukuze isitshalo sikhule sibe yizihlahla ezinhle ngezimbali ezinhle. Imbewu ye-Salvia incane, futhi ukwenza lula ukuhlwanyela kuhlanganiswe nesihlabathi. Izinhlamvu zihlwanyelwa ebusweni bomhlaba. Khona-ke kufanele zihanjiswe ngamanzi afudumele avelayo bese zifafazwa ngendlala encane yomhlabathi ka-1-2 mm, emva kwalokho ziphinde ziphinde zihlanganise umhlaba futhi zimboze phezulu kwebhokisi ngeglasi. Kubalulekile ukunamathela ekushiseni okungcono - + 25 ° ะก.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Izithombo zokunakekela i-salvia zilula kakhulu. Ngemva kokuba imbewu inike amahlumela okuqala, ibhokisi livezwe elangeni. Usuku lokukhanyisa izithombo ngamahora angu-12. Izwe alinakuphelelwa isikhathi, kodwa akumele lihlale limile. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kuholela esibhedlela sase-blackleg (ukubola kwesisekelo se-stem). Uma lesi sifo sitholiwe, susa ingilazi bese ufafaza inhlabathi ngeshlabathi esomile.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-salvia kuyasiza kakhulu. Yithatha kabili ngaphambi kokufika emhlabathini ovulekile. Lapho izithombo zivela emaqabunga, kusho ukuthi zingatshalwa zibe izimbiza ezihlukene. Ngemuva kokufakelwa kabusha i-salvia, amanzi aphekwe ngamaphepha.
Ukunisela, ukugqoka nokuqoqa
Umsebenzi wakho olandelayo ukukhula izithombo ngehlelo oluhle lwempande. Lokhu kuzosiza uSalvia ukuba ahlale ngokushesha enhlabathini entsha. Ungakhohlwa ngokukhetha u-sage. Ngenxa yalokhu, izithombo zihamba kabili. Isikhathi sokuqala - ngokubonakala kwamatshana amathathu. Amahlumela ashintshelwe kwezinye amabhokisi kude no-6 cm komunye nomunye. Isikhathi sesibili kwenzeka ngemva kwamasonto amathathu emva kokukhethwa kokuqala. Amahlumela atshalwe ezimbizeni, ububanzi bawo buyi-12 cm.
Uma kuvela ama-3-4 amaqabunga amaqabunga, kufanelekile ukuqala ukufaka i-salvia. Lokhu kuzokunikeza izihlahla ezinzima. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli, amahlumela kudingeka aqale ukuqina. Ngalo lokushisa kwebusuku kuyancipha kuya ku-10 ° C.
Ukufika emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngabe usongelwa yini ama-frosts entwasahlobo, salvii etshalwe endaweni evulekile endaweni ehlala njalo. USalvias uthande izindawo ezinomhlaba kanye nomhlaba onomsoco. Phakathi kwezitshalo, ibanga kufanele libe ngu-25-30 cm. Ngaphambi kokutshala, faka isayithi lokufika nge humus. Emva kokutshala, izitshalo kufanele zisuswe ngendlela efika ngesikhathi futhi ukhula kufanele ludliwe ngamaminerali amaminerali.
Ukuphuza njalo isitshalo akufanelekile, kodwa ekushiseni kwehlobo, u-salvia angase ahlupheke ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama. Uma iqala ukubola, linda ubusuku bese uphuza amanzi. Lokhu kuzomnika ukubukeka okufanayo.
Ukutshala izihlahla
Ukudubula kugqugquzela ukukhula kwamahlumela. I-Salvia igxilile kalula, ngakho kufanele inqunywe ukuze igatsha lingathatha izimpande. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe ekwindla noma entwasahlobo. Sika isidingo amahlumela ashubile, eshiya amamitha ambalwa amaphethini nemifino emincane. Sika ekhoneni ngommese ohlanzekile. I-salvia engapheli idinga ukusika izihlahla ngonyaka. Futhi, ungakhohlwa mayelana nenqubo enjengokudonsa i-Salvia, ngoba yilokho okuzokunikeza isihlahla esikhulu se-chic.
Uyazi? Kwakuvamile ukuthi uma utshala insimu engadini yakho, kuzothatha isikhathi eside impilo yakho.
Ukukhiqiza u-salvia
Ngokuvame ukuthenga i-salvia esekhulile kakade ngezimbali eziqhakazayo. Kodwa imbewu inikeza izinhlobo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kunezikhukhula ezitsheni. Uma amafasitela akho ebheka eningizimu-mpumalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga noma eningizimu - khula ngesibindi lesi sitshalo ngezandla zakho. Lesi sitshalo singasakazwa ngezindlela ezine: imbewu, izicuttings, izakhiwo zomoya kanye nokwahlukanisa isihlahla.
Imbewu
Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kaSalvia akudingi ulwazi olukhethekile noma umzamo.
Kudingekile ukuba ungaphuthelwa umzuzwana omuhle wokuqoqa imbewu, njengoba bewa ngokushesha. Lapho nje izimbali ezisezantsi ziphenduka brown, amahlumela akhethiwe ngenzalo anqunywe futhi afakwe ebhokisini elihlukile lokuvuthwa.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa kufanele uqaphele futhi uqaphele. Kungenzeka ukuhlwanyela izithombo ngaphambi kobusika, kanti entwasahlobo izithombo sezihlezi endaweni ehlala njalo. Kodwa, ngeshwa, le ndlela ayifuni ngaso sonke isikhathi imiphumela, ngoba imbewu ayihlali ebusika ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Kungcono ukuqhuba ukubeletha entwasahlobo nasekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umhlaba uthululwa ebhokisini elincane, futhi imbewu ihlwanyelwe kuwo. Ukufakelwa kokuqala, emva kokuvela kwamashidi amakhulu, izimbiza ezincane ezifanele. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zehlobo, sekuvele kungenzeka ukuba uhlale emhlabathini. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nesihlabathi futhi ikhule.
Kubalulekile! I-Salvia iwela kalula, ngakho kufanele uhlwanyele izinhlobo ezahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Cuttings
I-salvia yokusabalalisa ngokusika ayiyona inzima kakhulu. Lokhu kudinga ukusika kunciphise ubude obungaba ngu-10-15 cm. Lokhu kuhle kakhulu kusihlwa. I-cuttings igxilile ezigulini ngamanzi, ivikeleke ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Amahlamvu aphezu kwezicucu kufanele asuswe.
Izimpande zivela emavikini amabili. Ukutshala kufanele kwenziwe ngemuva kwesonto emva kokuvela kwezimpande. Beka ngokushesha endaweni enomphela. Izinsuku zokuqala kungcono ukuthungela isitshalo kusuka elangeni, ngokuvamile umanzi futhi uchithe amaqabunga. 
Izakhiwo ze-Air
I-salvia evame ukusabalalisa ngemiklamo yomoya ilula kakhulu. Igatsha lesitshalo ligxiliwe phansi futhi livikeleke nge-bracket yensimbi. Izimpande ezintsha zihluma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, futhi igatsha linganqunywa ehlathini elikhulu. Khona-ke, kanye nesikhumba somhlaba, ngosizo lwe-scoop, ingafakwa kabusha endaweni entsha.
Uhlukanisa isihlahla
Le nqubo ilulekwa ukuba iqhubeke ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti noma ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. Lolu hlobo lokuzalanisa lungcono kakhulu ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Udinga ukumba umhlaba kahle bese uyilungisa ngomanyolo. Khumbula ukuthi uma utshala izitshalo kakhulu futhi zivaliwe, amahlumela azokhishwa ngokuphakama, futhi kuzoba nezimbali ezimbalwa kubo. Uma utshala u-salvia ngokungavamile, izihlahla zizokhula ngobubanzi. Ibanga elingcono liyi-45-50 cm emkhatsini wemigqa kanye no-20-25 cm phakathi kwehlathi.
Izindawo zokwelapha zika-salvia
Imifino eyomile yinkinga yendabuko yezifo. Kodwa izinhlobo eziningana ze-sage zinezokwelapha - izidakamizwa, izakhi, i-Ethiopiya neSpanishi. Ezinye izinhlobo nazo zinemithi yokwelapha, kodwa azifani njengalezo ezinikezwe ngenhla.
Uyazi? Ngenkathi yenkinga, u-salvia wayebhekwa njengesisombululo senombolo eyodwa yokwelapha nokubuyisela umzimba.
AmaSperia amaqabunga anezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala, izifo ezibulala amagciwane kanye nezakhiwo ze-hemostatic.
Sebenzisa isitshalo sokuhlanza ngezifo ezilandelayo:
- Isifo sokuphuza nokugoma;
- Stomatitis;
- I-brronchitis;
- Angina;
- I-Catarrh yepheshana eliphezulu lokuphefumula.
Odokotela bezinye izizwe batusa ukusebenzisa isilonda ngezilonda, izifo zesisu, izifo zesibindi kanye nezinso, ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu kanye nokwelapha amanxeba angcolile. Ukuqoqa amaqabunga kanye nezinhlasi zezitshalo zesikhumba ngesikhathi sokuhluma.
Bese bomile futhi basetshenziselwa imithi yesintu noma ekwenzeni izimonyo. I-Sage inephunga elinamandla nokunambitheka okubabayo.
Kubalulekile! Kunconywa ukuba ungathathi isifo sokufa, ukukhwehlela okuqinile nokukhulelwa. Ngamazinga aphezulu, u-sage ubangela ukucasuka kwezingqimba zamangcwaba.
Izinambuzane ezinkulu nezifo zikaSalvia
Izitshalo ze-ornamental ze-Salvia zitholakala ezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Kunezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuvikela izitshalo. Kufanele ulandele imithetho yokunakekelwa nokunisela, kanye nokwenza ukudla. Uma kungalungile ukunakekela i-salvia, khona-ke kukhona ingozi yokuthola isikhunta, ama-bacterium kanye nama-virus ahlukahlukene. Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba isikhathi eside emabhokisini kubangela ukuqoqwa kwama-parasites kuwo - ama-pathogens. Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi ekhaya, izindlela zenhlabathi zokucwiliswa kwemithi, kokubili amakhemikhali nokushisa, anikeze imiphumela emincane. Ngaphambi kokutshala kabusha izitshalo emabhokisini ukuguqula umhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala. Khona-ke nakanjani uzokhula salvia enempilo futhi enhle.
Izifo nezinambuzane zamaqabunga neziqu: izimpawu kanye nokwelapha
Ngokuvamile, amaqabunga neziqu ze-salvia zilimazwa yizimbongolo kanye nezikhwama. Ukulwa nabo kulula kakhulu. Ukuhlanza izinambuzane kwenziwa ngomshini.
Okunye futhi izinambuzane salvia ukuphanga ukubonakala kwamahlamvu kanye neziqu zesitshalo. Isibonelo, i-aphid. Lesi sinambuzane sidla ama-juice acebile ama-carbohydrate futhi adinga ama-amino acids kuwo. Kulesi simo, sinika inani elikhulu le-paddy. Iheha ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane. I-Aphid ingenye yezinambuzane ezilimazayo kakhulu. I-Aphid ibonakala kanje: 
I-Aphid ihlala emaqabunga bese icela ijusi kusuka emifino emisha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sibungu singathwala ukutheleleka kwamagciwane - ama-galls. Benza buthaka i-salvia futhi kubangele ukufa kwesitshalo.
Ukusuka ezifweni zase-salvia, isikhutha se-powdery singahlukaniswa. Ama-pathogens angamaphutha-fungi-oomycetes.
Izimpawu zesilonda zifana kakhulu nezimpawu ze-powdery isikhutha. Kodwa emaqabunga amafomu amhlophe ama-scurf engaphansi kweqabunga, futhi phezulu kuvela izindawo eziphuzi noma ezibomvu. Amahlamvu asule noma aphule.
Lesi sifo siphuthuma kaningi phezu kwezitshalo ezihluma ezindaweni ezimanzi. Ukuze unciphise lesi sifo, kufanele uchithe lesi sitshalo ngezidakamizwa zethusi.
Izifo nezinambuzane zezimbali: izimpawu kanye nokwelapha
I-Thrips yizinambuzane ezincane ezithanda ukudla isitshalo. Bangena ezindlini ngefasitela. I-thrips ibangela impova ukuba iwele futhi inciphise isikhathi sokubhakazela i-salvia.
Ukuze uhlole ukuthi isitshalo sitheleleke yini lezi zinambuzane, kwanele ukubhoboza izimbali ezimbalwa bese ugoqa iphepha elimnyama.
Ukuze ususe le nkathazo, kufanele ufeze izinyanga ezimbili noma ezintathu njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10. Ukwenza lokhu kudinga izinambuzane eziphilayo.
Izifo nezinambuzane zezimpande: izimpawu kanye nokwelapha
Ngokuvamile, izimpande zikaSarvia zibhekene nezifo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-blackleg ne-root root. Lezi zifo zibangelwa umkhuhlane wehlabathi: Fusarium, Pythium noma Phytophthora.
Ngalezi zifo, intamo impande ithinteka, futhi izicubu zayo ziyaba mnyama. Izimpande kancane kancane ziphenduka brown futhi ziyafa. U-Salvia ngokwayo angase afe ezinsukwini ezine. Izindawo ezithintekayo ezimnyama zakhiwa engxenyeni engaphansi kwesigamu somuntu omdala u-salvia. Izimila ziqala ukukhula kakhulu, kodwa azifi. Ama-patches ama-pink noma ama-brown angabonakala kumazicubu ezithintekayo. Umbala uncike kuhlobo lwe-pathogen. Umthombo oyinhloko wokutheleleka ngumhlabathi.
Ukuze ugweme le nkinga, kufanelekile ukuguqula umhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala okusha njalo futhi ukondla izithombo nge microelements.
Kukhona nemikhiqizo ephilayo esebenzayo: i-narcissus, i-zircon kanye ne-immunocytophyte. Lokhu kwandisa ukumelana kwesitshalo. Uma kubola kwenzeka, faka inhlabathi nezitshalo ngamakhemikhali: ukuphepha, i-ridomil kanye ne-topsin-M. Uma ungafuni ukulimaza izitshalo zakho ngamakhemikhali, sincoma ukunisela isitshalo nomhlabathi ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-pink of potassium permanganate.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Zokuvimbela
Ukuvimbela kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela i-salvia yakho ezifweni nasezikhungweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinhlobo ezifanele eziphikisana nezifo nezinambuzane. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ungatshala kanjani u-salvia ukuze kube lula ukuhlanza isitshalo kuma-parasites. Kumele futhi ulandele imithetho ye-sanitary, ugcine isitshalo ihlanzekile futhi ususe ukhula noma izitshalo ezigulayo ngesikhathi.
Ukuze ubhubhise izinambuzane noma izifo ensimini, ungasebenzisa ukusifiphaza umhluzi wegwayi, ukuwuxuba ne-4 g we-soap eluhlaza ku-1 litre lomhluzi.
Manje njengoba sazi konke ngo-salvia, ngokuthula kwengqondo singakwazi ukuqala ukukhula lesi sitshalo esihle ekhaya. Sibheke indlela yokutshala kahle nokunakekela uSalvia, futhi safunda ngezindawo zokuphulukisa zalesi sitshalo. Ungakhohlwa ngezinambuzane okufanele zihambisane nazo ngesikhathi.
