Kunezinhlobo zezifo ezibizwa kakhulu kumahhashi kuphela. Futhi esinye sezifo ezimbi kakhulu yi-trypanosomiasis, noma icala lokugula. Kuyinto engavamile emvelo futhi inamandla okubhubhisa umhlambi wezilwane ngesikhathi esifushane. Lesi sihloko sizobheka ulwazi mayelana nezimpawu zalesi sifo, izifo ezincane kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa.
Iyini lesi sifo
Izifo eziyingozi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-trypanosomiasis, noma i-durina, isifo esifana nesiguli esinamandla esibangelwa yizigaxa zegazi ezilula kakhulu, ama-trypanosomes, ezithinta izinambuzane zamangqamuzana ezitho zangasese, ama-lymph nodes, izitsha nama-capillaries egazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sifo singathinta isimiso sezinzwa zesilwane.
Uyazi? Isikhathi sokuqala esibhekene nalesi sifo eGrisi lasendulo. Ngolwazi oluthe xaxa lesi sifo sachazwa ososayensi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII. Engxenyeni yamazwe ase-post-Soviet, i-durin yavela ngo-1863, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka engu-60 kuphela kwakungenzeka ukuba ihlukanise igciwane futhi ifunde. Ngesikhathi samanje, izigameko zezifo ziyinto engavamile kakhulu futhi zivele kuphela ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphansi lentuthuko ye-veterinary sphere.
I-Pathogen, imithombo nemigwaqo yokutheleleka
I-agent ye-causative yalesi sifo i-protozoan - trypanosome (i-Trypanosoma eguiperdum), enefomu elihlanganisiwe le-buravoobraznogo elinamaphesenti angu-22-28h1,4-2,6. Igobolondo, elitholakala ngaphandle kwegciwane, linikezwa ngodonga oluqinile - i-pellicle, eliyivikela emiphumeleni eyingozi yezici ezihlukahlukene. I-pellicle iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu, ngenxa yokuthi okulula kwenza ukuthintana nezwe langaphandle. I-trypanosome ihamba nge-flagella, izitho ezikhethekile eziqukethe ama-molecule asebenzayo okuthiwa ama-fibrils.
I-agent causative ye-trypanosomiasis ibhekisela kuma-parasites enuzi, lapho i-nucleus ikhona phakathi kweseli elizungezwe i-membrane elinezigaba ezimbili. Phakathi nokujikeleza kwabo, ama-trypanosomes enza ukuhlukana okulula, ngenxa yokuthi bayanda kangakanani.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde konke ngesakhiwo kanye nezifo zamagatsha kumahhashi.
Ama-causative agents of the disease aphethwe yizifo eziphuthumayo ezingakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle komzimba wesibindi futhi endaweni evulekile isikhathi eside. Njengomthetho, izilwane zinegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngesikhathi sokulala ngokocansi noma ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa okufakelwayo nge-sperm.
Futhi, amacala okudluliselwa kwama-trypanosomes kuya ezimpilweni ngezinyosi zikamama awafakiwe, ngokungajwayelekile ngezixhobo eziphathekayo, izinto zasendlini kanye nezinsimbi zokwelapha, isibonelo, isibuko se-vaginal speculum, i-catheter ye-urinary, njll.
Kubalulekile! Lesi sifo singathinta isilwane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.Ezimweni zemvelo, ukulingana kuphela, ikakhulukazi, amahhashi, izimbongolo, nama-mules asetheleleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulezi zinsuku ezimbili zokugcina, lesi sifo sivame ukuqhutshwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka owodwa esimweni esifushane noma esingapheli, kuyilapho kumahhashi kunesimo esingapheli noma esiyingozi.
Isikhathi sokuvuselela kanye nezimpawu
Inkathi yokufakelwa izifo zalesi sifo ivela ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kwezintathu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimpawu zomtholampilo zivela ngokulandelana okuqondile, okungahlukaniswa ngezikhathi ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- Izilonda zesisu. Ekuqaleni, ngemuva kokutheleleka, kuphela izitho zangasese zesilwane ezithintekayo. Ziba nokuvuvukala, kukhona ukubomvu kwamagqabunga emangcwabeni nokuphuma kwe-mucus kusuka kubo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ama-nodules amancane nezilonda zifomula emzimbeni, okudlula ngokushesha. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungabona ukuzingelwa kwamanga kwama-mares, ama-erections ajwayelekile kuma-stallions. Isikhathi sokuqala sihlala cishe inyanga eyodwa futhi sibonakala ngesimo esanelisayo somzimba wamahhashi.
- Izilonda zesikhumba. Esigabeni esilandelayo sokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, izinkinga zesikhumba zengezwa kuzo zonke izimpawu ezibalwe ngaphambilini: ukuqhuma kubonakala emzimbeni, endaweni yesisu, ukuvuvukala ngendlela yamasongo kubonakala ezinhlangothini, futhi ukwanda kwesikhumba kwanda. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kukhona ukuwohloka kwesifiso sezilwane, ukwanda kokushisa komzimba, abesilisa badonsa isisindo ngokushesha, futhi abesifazane bayaphonsa.
- Ukukhubazeka kanye ne-paresis yezinzwa zemoto. Zibonakaliswa ngesimo sokuvinjelwa kwezindebe, izindlebe zokugcoba, ukukhubazeka kwepenisi. Ungase futhi uqaphele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-conjunctivitis, ukunqotshwa kwengemuva engezansi, lapho izilwane ziqala ukuqhuma lapho zihamba. Ukukhubazeka okuqhubekayo kwezingxenye kubonakala futhi ukufa kwenzeka. Umjikelezo ogcwele wesifo ungahlala ngaphezu konyaka owodwa.
Kubalulekile! Inkambo ebuhlungu yalesi sifo kwenzeka kaningi emahhashi ezinhlanga eziphakeme. Njengomthetho, abantu abangama-30-50% abantu abalelekile bafa.
Ukuhlonza
Njengoba lesi sifo singapheli, kungenzeka ukuthi sibone izimpawu zayo nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kungenzeka ukuxilonga ukugula ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene okusheshayo, kanye nokuhlolwa kwelabhoratri.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuthola i-durina yizi:
- ukuhlaziywa okuncane kakhulu;
- ukuhlolwa kwamakhambi;
- ukuxilongwa kwe-serological (RSK).
Izibonakaliso zangaphandle, ezifana nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esimangalisayo kwesilwane, i-edema, i-asymmetry ngokuzumayo yezindebe noma amacici, ukugcoba kwamajwabu noma izindlebe, ubuthakathaka ngemuva, kungabonisa ukuthi kwenzeke isifo esinjalo. Uma kukhona izimpawu ezinjalo kufanele ngokushesha uthole usizo lwezokwelapha.
Uyazi? I-Trypanosomes inekhono eliyingqayizivele lokuvikela ngokumelene nesistimu yomzimba yesisulu. Uma isilwane singena emzimbeni wesilwane, amasosha omzimba ayowabona i-parasite, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi, lokhu kuhlanganisa izakhi zofuzo ezibhekene nokuhlanganiswa kwama-glycoprotein. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlanganisa, ama-glycoprotein athathwe abanye ukuthi amasosha omzimba awakwazi ukuwabona. Lokhu kunikeza i-trypanosome isikhathi esengeziwe sokuzala.
Izinguquko zesifo
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinguquko ze-pathological zalesi sifo azivamile, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuhlolisisa lesi sifo ngendlela efanele ngokusho kwemiphumela ye-autopsy yesilwane. Noma kunjalo, izidumbu zibonisa ukuwohloka komzimba jikelele, izinguquko ezishintshashintshayo ezinhlungwini zenhliziyo, isibindi, i-lymph nodes engamakhulu, ukuvuvukala kwezitho zangasese, izikhumba nezilonda ezinamaqabunga kanye nama-nodules, ukuwohloka kwemisipha engemuva nangemuva.
Ngokuqondene nesimiso sezinzwa ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo, ngokweqile, kuye kwafundiswa kancane kakhulu.
Funda konke mayelana ne-anemia esithathelwanayo kumahhashi.
Ukwelapha
Ngeshwa, ukwelashwa kwe-trypanosomiasis akusebenzi futhi ezimweni eziningi akukwenziwa. Ukwelapha kunokwenzeka ezingeni lokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo, kodwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlala njalo, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyibona ekuqaleni. Abantu abasesigabeni seziguli noma abasolwa ukuthi banesifo bancike ekwelapheni.
Okokuqala, yenza isisindo sesilwane ukuthola isisindo somzimba. Kulezi ziminganiso kuzoxhomeka kumthamo wemithi edingekayo yokwelapha. Amahhashi ajojowe ngaphakathi "Naganin", at 10% dilution in solution sodium chloride. Isilinganiso - 0.01-0.015 mg kilogram ngayinye yesisindo somzimba. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-30-40 izijovo ziphindaphindiwe.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ugweme ukucindezeleka ngenkathi ukwelashwa ngendlela yokuvuvukala kwezindebe, ubuhlungu emahlathini, usuku ngaphambi kokuba luqale futhi kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-7-10 emva kwalokho, isilwane siqhutshwa ekujuleni kaningana ngosuku.Kubaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kungabi ukunciphisa umthamo wesidakamizwa, ngoba umthamo onganele awunayo nje umphumela omuhle, kodwa futhi udale ukumelana "no-Naganin" ku-pathogen. Uma kwenzeka ukuphindaphindiwe, kunokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa "kwe-Naganin" ne-"Novarsenol" esilinganisweni esingu-0.005 mg ngesisindo ngasinye somzimba.
Izilwane ezaphathwa kufanele zibe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezilwane zezilwane cishe unyaka owodwa. Amahhashi anjalo azobhekwa enempilo kuphela emva kokuhlolwa okuphindwe kathathu ngazo zonke izindlela ezithandwayo ezinyangeni ezingu-10-12 ngemuva kokwelapha.
Ukuvimbela
Kuze kube manje, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo ukulwa nalesi sifo akuzange kwenziwe, ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela lesi sifo kubhekwa njengendlela enokwethenjelwa kakhulu, efaka izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- ukulawulwa kwezilwane njalo kwama-mares kanye nama-stallions ngaphambi kwenqubo yokuxuba. Lokhu kuhlolwa kusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kokuhlolwa kwe-serological kwegazi. Kulesi simo, ama-stallion enza olunye ucwaningo kathathu ngonyaka;
- ukuhlonza njalo abantu abanegciwane kanye nokwelashwa kwabo;
- ukugoma - ama-stallions agonywe nge "Naganin" ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ama-mares aqoqa umuthi anikezwa imithi ye-prophylaxis njalo ngenyanga;
- ukuxoshwa kwamakoloni angakulungele ukungena;
- ukugcina ama-stallions asebekhulile kunonyaka owodwa, kanye nabantu abaxoshiwe abahluke kuma-mares;
- ukufakwa endaweni yokuhlukanisa izinsuku ezingu-30 kuzo zonke izilwane ezintsha, ngokuxilongwa kwesimo senhlalo ngesikhathi esisodwa;
- Ukubulawa kwabantu bonke kuhlolo lwe-trypanosomosis esolisayo kuhhashi elilodwa kusuka eqenjini.
Isifo esingenasifo samahhashi, esingenakubalwa ezweni lethu, singakwazi ukukhula ngokushesha emafesimini ahluphekile. Kubangela ukulimala okukhulu ekuzaliseni amapulazi futhi kungabangela ukubulawa kwabantu bonke. Okubaluleke kakhulu ekuqedeni lesi sifo ukuhlonza isikhathi esifanele kwe-pathogen kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifanele futhi eziphumelelayo.
