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Izinhlobo zamatamatisi

Indlela yokutshala nokukhula utamatisi "Zimarevsky giant"

Cishe zonke izitshalo zihluma utamatisi esakhiweni sakhe. Uma izimo zezulu zesifunda esithile azifanelekile kulo mkhuba we-thermophilic, khona-ke ungakhula ngempumelelo ezimweni zokushisa. Enye yezinhlobonhlobo zikatamatisi ezifanele ukukhulela ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo yiGiantye e-Zimarevsky. Ake sihlolisise lezi zihlukahlukene kanye nama-agrotechnics alinywa.

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Ngohlobo lokukhula "i-giant Zimarevsky" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ezingakapheli zamatamatisi futhi ikhula ngamamitha amabili. Lokhu kuyinhlobonhlobo ephakathi kokuqala okuvumelayo, lapho kusetshenzwa khona amabhulashi anezithelo ezingu-5-6.

Izinzuzo zalo zihlanganisa:

  • ukuzinza kokuhluma kwezimo ezahlukene zezulu;
  • Izithelo ezinhle ukunambitheka;
  • ikhono lokuqoqa imbewu yokuhlwanyela okulandelayo.

Ukungahleleki kwayo kuyisidingo se-garter enhle kanye nekhwalithi yokugcina izithelo.

Kubalulekile! Ukuzikhethela kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene ukuthi kufanelekile kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nezindlu zokugcina izithombo.

Izithelo nezivuno

Ngokulima okuhle, ungavuna utamatisi walezi ezihlukahlukene ukuya ku-10-15 kg ngemitha yesikwele ngasinye. Izithelo zombala obomvu zinobuso obubushelelezi, butha kancane. Ngokwesilinganiso, utamatisi "u-Zimarevsky giant" ulinganisa amagremu angu-300-400, kodwa kungaba nobukhulu obukhulu - kufika ku-600 amagremu. Lawa utamatisi ane-pulp esiphundu esiphundu, ama saladi aphelele. Kufanelekile ukucubungula nokulondolozwa kwamanzi. Isikhathi sokuhluma kuya ekuvuthweni kwamatamatisi okuqala yizinsuku eziyi-100-103.

Ukukhethwa kwezithombo

Ngokuba izithombo kufanele zikhethe iminyaka engu-45-65, ngamahlamvu angu-5-7. Uma uthenga kufanele uqaphele okulandelayo:

  • Izitshalo kumele zibe nesitshalo esiqinile esiphezulu namaqabunga aluhlaza, izimpande ezithuthukile kahle;
  • Izithombo akufanele zixilwe kakhulu (ezingekho ngaphezu kuka-30 cm);
  • Amaqabunga ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka namagqabhagqabha ayibonakaliso yokuhlukumeza ama-nitrogen fertilizer;
  • awukwazi ukuthenga izithombo ngezimpande ezingenalutho, ngaphandle kwe-clod yomhlaba. Kungcono ukuwuthatha esitsheni ngenhlabathi, kanti utamatisi akufanele ukhule enqwabeni;
  • Izitshalo kumele zingabi nemonakalo, izinti, amaqabunga aphikisiwe noma aphelile;
  • hhayi Kunconywa ukuthenga izithombo ezilukhuni noma eziphuzi;
  • Uma uthenge izithombo kusuka esibelethweni, kungcono ukuzikhetha ngokushesha, kusazophela. Kungcono ukukhetha izitshalo zokutshala ngaphambi kokuchichima nokubunjwa kwama-ovari;
  • kufanele ubheke utamatisi izithombo ngaphansi kwamahlamvu ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi azikho izinambuzane;
  • Ungathengi izithombo ezivela kubathengisi abaningana - kulokhu, ingozi yokuletha izitshalo ezigulayo kwisayithi lakho iyanda kakhulu.
Uyazi? AmaTamatisi ayengeniswa kuleli zwekazi laseMelika phakathi nekhulu leshumi le-16 akhuliswa ngabathandi bezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa futhi babhekwa bengenakutholakali. Abokuqala baqala ukulungiselela amaPutukezi namaSpain ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVII. Embusweni WaseRussia, lesi sitshalo sakhula isikhathi eside njengesiko esiyingqayizivele, kwaze kwaba yilapho kutholakala indlela yokutshala futhi izithelo zaqala ukuvuthwa.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Utamatisi yizitshalo ezithisa ukushisa, futhi ephakathi neRussia, ukuhlukahluka okuqala okumele kukhule kufanele kukhule endaweni evulekile kuphela izithombo. Imbewu ihluma ekushiseni kwe + 14 ... +16 ° C, futhi izimo zokushisa ezingcono kakhulu zalesi sitshalo ziphakathi kuka-20 kuya ku-25 ° C. Utamatisi ufe ehlathini elincane, futhi emazingeni okushisa ngezansi +14 nangaphezulu +35 ° C ayeka ukwakha i-ovary. Khetha isikhathi sokukhanya kwamahora ngamahora angu-12-14. Isiko singamelana nesomiso, kodwa ukudala izimo ezifanele kubalulekile ukuwazisa utamatisi ngemuva kokusikwa komhlabathi. Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zamatamatisi: lapho umswakama womoya ungaphakathi kuka-45-60%, kanti umswakama womhlaba ungama-65-75%. Ukuthambisa okufanelekile utamatisi Iklabishi, ukhukhamba, imifino yezimpande (ngaphandle kwamazambane), ama-legumes nama-melon kanye nama-gourds yizimbangi ezinhle kakhulu zesitshalo. Akufanele itshalwe utamatisi ngemuva kweminye i-nightshade. Esiqhingini lapho utamatisi ekhula khona, angatshala emva kweminyaka emithathu kuphela.

Utamatisi ukhetha inhlabathi e-loamy nenhlabathi, futhi nge-asidi ye-5-6 pH. Ngama-asidi aphezulu enhlabathini, kufanele kube yi-lime njalo eminyakeni engu-3-4. Inhlabathi ebanzi yobumba kufanele iguqulwe ngesihlabathi esinamafutha (8 kg / 1 sq. M), peat (5 kg / 1 sq. M), umquba, ama-humus noma umquba (5 kg / sq. M).

Kubalulekile! Uma ukhula utamatisi, ungasebenzisa izindlela zokulima eziphilayo - ukuhlwanyela ama-peas noma ezinye izindawo ezibekwe eceleni kusukela ekwindla. Ngentwasahlobo, lezi zitshalo kufanele zihlungwe, ziqoshwe futhi zibe phansi emhlabathini, futhi emva kwamasonto amabili ungatshala izithombo zika utamatisi.

Ukulungiselela imbewu nokutshala

Izinhlobo zamatamatisi "I-giant Zimarevsky" ivame ukukhula ngezithombo. I-pre-imbewu ilungiselelwe ukutshala - igcinwe kwisisombululo semithi "Fitosporin" cishe isigamu sehora. Bese bebekwa imizuzu engama-40 kwisisombululo se-aqueous of stimulator plant growth.

Ezitolo zokuthenga zithenga umhlabathi okhethekile utamatisi noma zenze wona ngokwawo. Ukwenza lokhu ngokulinganisela okulingana nomhlabathi wezitshalo kanye nomquba. Kuyinto efiselekayo yokwenza umhlabathi ungasebenzi ngokutshala, ngenxa yale njongo igcinwe emazingeni aphansi (ngaphansi kwe-0 ° C) ebhaleni noma efakwe efrijini. Ukukhipha imishanguzo kungenziwa futhi ngokugaya inhlabathi ebhawini lokubhaka kuhhavini. Indlela elula yokukhipha amagciwane emhlabathini, ukuwaphuza ngamanzi abilayo noma isisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Ukutshala izithombo ezikhiqizwa ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ngoMashi. Ezimweni ezibandayo, ukutshala kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari, futhi ezindaweni ezifudumele, engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Mashi, kungenzeka ukutshala imbewu eningizimu ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli.

Funda mayelana nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani ikhono elifanele lezithombo.

Imbewu yokutshala ikhiqizwa kanje:

  1. Iziqukathi ezilungiselelwe zokutshala (ukuphakama 10-12 cm) zigcwele inhlabathi.
  2. Wanisela inhlabathi ngamanzi afudumele afudumele.
  3. Yakha umthamo wokujula okungaba ngu-1 cm.
  4. Imbewu itshalwe ngegag ka 1.5 cm futhi igcwele umhlaba phezulu.
  5. Iziqukathi zimbozwe ngepulasitiki noma esikhwameni bese zithuthela endaweni efudumele.
Imbewu ihluma ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-5-10. Ifilimu ivulwa njalo emoyeni. Lapho ukhula izithombo zamatamatisi "Zimantvsky giant" udinga ukugcina imodi ethile:

  • phakathi nosuku, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe phakathi kuka-18 ... +22 ° C;
  • ebusuku ubusika kufanele bufinyelele okungenani +16 ° C;
  • ukukhanyisa - okungenani amahora angu-12. Ngenxa yalokhu, izithombo ngokuvamile zifakwa efesiteleni. Uma kungekho ukukhanya okwanele kwemvelo, khona-ke i-fluorescent noma ama-phytolamps asetshenziswa, afakwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-0.3 kusuka kulesithombo.

Izimila zihlale ziphuziswa. Inhlabathi akumele ime. Lapho isithombo sikhula, i-spud yayo idala izimpande ezinamandla.

Sikukwazisa ukuba uthole ukuthi kufanele ukhule izithombo kumakhasethi.

Ngemuva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili, amahlumela asekhulile asetshenziselwa izimbiza ezihlukene noma iziqukathi. Okufanelekile izinkomishi ezikhethekile ze-peat. Izinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile noma ukushisa, izithombo ziqala ukuqina ngokudlulisela ebhaleni noma kwi-loggia. Ekuqaleni, lenziwa amahora ambalwa, futhi emva kwesikhathi esilukhuni sanda. Izitshalo kancane kancane zisetshenziselwa izimo zemvelo futhi kuzoba lula ukuba zijwayele ukutshala ngenkathi zihlwanyelwa ensimini noma e-summer cottage.

Ukutshala utamatisi "i-giant Zimarevsky" emhlabathini ovulekile noma ekushiseni okushisa okwenziwe ngoMeyi noJuni, lapho umhlaba uqhuma.

Kubalulekile! Utamatisi yizitshalo ezinothando zelanga, ngakho ukutshala kwazo kudinga ukukhetha indawo ekhanyisiwe.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, umhlabathi ukhululiwe futhi imithombo yenziwa ngokutshala nge-0.4 m. Kungcono ukubeka izimbobo kuphethini lokuhlola. Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuvimbela ukwanda okungaphezulu futhi kwenze kube lula ukunakekela izihlahla. Utamatisi adluliselwa emigodini enezinhla zomhlaba noma ingilazi ye-peat. Inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo zihlanganiswe futhi zihambelana namanzi afudumele.

Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa

Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, utamatisi omkhulu we-Zimarevsky udinga ukunakekelwa njalo. Sidinga ukuphuziswa, ukukhulelwa, ukusekela kahle isihlahla kanye nokwelapha okwesikhashana kwezilokazane nezifo ezihlukahlukene.

Okokuqala, udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthambisa okuhle kwamatamatisi, okuhlobene ngqo nesimo sezulu. Uma isimo sesimo sezulu somile futhi kukhona ukuntuleka kokuphuza, lesi sihlahla sitshalo silahleka i-ovary, kanti amaqabunga neziqu ziyafa - lesi sitshalo sifa. Umswakama owedlulele futhi uthinta kabi utamatisi futhi uholela ekubukeni kwezifo eziningi.

Ividiyo: Ukondla utamatisi Emva kokutshala izithombo ukuchelela njalo kuqala cishe ngesonto. Ngaphambi kokuvela kwe-inflorescences, isihlahla ngasinye siniselwa ngamanzi amathathu amalitha njalo kwezinsuku ezintathu, amanzi okuchelela akufanele abe amakhaza, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-tepid Phakathi nenkathi yezimbali, udinga ukuthatha amanzi amaningi - okungenani ama-5 amalitha ehlathini, kodwa ukuchelela ngokwayo kwenziwa kanye ngesonto. Uma wenza isithelo, ukuchelela kunciphise kancane ukuze utamatisi ungaqali. Ngemuva kokuphuza kudingeka ukhulule inhlabathi futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ukhula. Uma utamatisi ukhula endaweni yokushisa, kufanele kube khona ukugwema umswakama owedlulele. Amanzi izitshalo kumele zibe empandeni, ukuze amanzi awe awe amaqabunga nezimbali.

Kubalulekile! Lapho kufika ukushisa kwehlobo, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe njalo ukuze isitshalo singabe soma.
Izinhlobonhlobo zetamatisi "Zimantvsky giant" zidinga ukudla ngokulandelana okulandelayo:

  • ngaphambi kokusila;
  • ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kweBhophu;
  • ekuqaleni kokubonakala kwesithelo.
Ukuze i-slurry yokuqala yokugqoka ephezulu izokuphelela. Lo umanyolo uhlanganisa i-nitrogen, eyandisa inani lamahlumela. Ama-fertilizer ane-nitrojeni asetshenziselwa isiteji sokuqala samatamatisi akhula. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukwethula ukugqoka okungaphezulu kokuqukethwe kwe-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate ngezinga lama-10 amalitha kagesi, ama-gram angu-20 omanyolo ngamunye. Isixazululo esiphelele sithunjiswe kahle ngaphansi kwempande, sigweme ukuxhumana namaqabunga. Phakathi kwalezi zindlela zokwelapha ziyiminyaka eyizinsuku ezingu-14.

Kungenzeka kube usizo ukufunda ukuthi ungondla kanjani utamatisi ngemvubelo.

Amaminerali amaminerali angafakwa esikhundleni somlotha. Ngosuku oluthile ukuchelela ngamalitha angu-10 oketshezi lwamanzi izindebe ezintathu zomlotha. Ngolunye usuku olulandelayo, isisombululo esibangelwa yimatamatisi athululiwe. I-ash ash iyasiza ukwengeza enhlabathini ezungeze lesi sitshalo lapho ukhulula. Utamatisi "I-giant Zimarevsky" ibhekisela ezinhlotsheni ezide futhi idinga i-garter ukwesekwa okuzinzile. Ngalokhu, eduze kwazo zonke izihlahla, induku yokhuni ephahleni noma enye isakhiwo iqhutshwa emhlabathini. Bese phezulu, stem futhi, uma kudingeka, shayela utamatisi oboshwe ukwesekwa. Kulula kakhulu ukubopha isitshalo ku trellis. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izisekelo ezimbili ziqhutshwa emhlabathini futhi imigqa emithathu yocingo idonswa phakathi kwabo ngesigamu se-45 cm, lapho ihlanganisa khona isihlahla samahlathini.

Lolu hlobo lutamatisi ludinga pasynkovanie. Isihlahla sakhiwa emahlathini amabili. Amahlumela engeziwe asusiwe ngesandla njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-7.

Uyazi? Kusukela ekubukeni kwezinto eziphilayo, izithelo utamatisi - amajikijolo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile kuthiwa yizimila, ngoba zikhula emasimini ezitshalo zemifino futhi azisebenzisiwe i-dessert. Ngo-1893 e-USA isinqumo ukuthwala utamatisi emifino Kwavunyelwa enkantolo.

Izifo nokuvimbela izinambuzane

Utamatisi ezihlukahlukene "I-giant Zimarevsky" inokumelana kahle ne-fusarium wilt. Ukuvimbela izifo eziningi kanye nokubonakala kwezinambuzane, kubalulekile ukunamathela ku-agrotechnologies, ukufeza umoya we-greenhouse, nokususa amahlumela amaningi. Ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezifudumele nemvula ejwayelekile kunengozi yezifo eziningi zika utamatisi, kuhlanganise ne-phytophtoras. Ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela, ochwepheshe batusa imisebenzi elandelayo:

  • sebenzisa ukumnika okwenziwe ngamapulangwe. Ukuze ulungiselele, thatha amagremu angu-500 omlotha bese ubilisa ngomlilo othule ngo 1.5 amalitha amanzi. Bese kuhlungiwe futhi kuhlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi, enezela ama-gramu angu-50 esensipho yokuhlanza. Isixazululo esiphelele sifafazwa utamatisi;
  • sebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa "Trihopol". Ebhaketheni lamanzi, amaphilisi angu-5-6 achotshoziwe ahlanjululwa futhi ama-250 amagremu ebisi athululelwa. Bese baphathwa ngaleli sxaxa sesitshalo;
  • Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zokulimala, i-utamatisi iphathwa nge-Tattu fungicide ngokwemiyalo;
  • ukuze kuvikelwe izifo eziningi nezinambuzane, ukutshala kuphathwa nge-biopreparations ekhethekile njenge "Utamatisi Saver", okuyi-stimulator yokukhula. Ungasebenzisa futhi isixazululo se-Bordeaux liquid noma sulfate yethusi;
  • ukufafaza ukumnika igalikhi noma isixazululo sikasawoti. Ukuze ukulungiswa kwe-garlic ukumnika kuthatha izibuko ezimbili ze-garlic oqoshiwe futhi uthele amanzi ashisayo, kodwa hhayi amanzi abilayo. Bese ukhipha isisombululo senziwa amalitha ayi-10 futhi ixutshwe, bese ihlungwa;
  • ngokuba kudingekile ukusebenzisa amanzi ngezinga lokushisa elingekho ngaphansi kuka-15 ° C;
  • Qinisekisa ukukhulula utamatisi bese uyondla - lokhu kuzoqinisa utamatisi ngezifo eziningi.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezimpawu, ukuvimbela nokulawula izifo zamatamatisi.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ama-tamar cultivars "i-Zimarevsky Giant" avunwa ngoJulayi-Agasti njengoba izithelo zivuthwa futhi zigcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu. Esikhathini efrijini esitsheni semifino, utamatisi ungalala amasonto amabili. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu namanoni ahlanzekile, lokhu kuhluka akukhuthazwa ukuba kugcinwe isikhathi eside, kodwa kuphelele ukulondolozwa. Kusukela ekukhuleni okukhulu nokuvuthiwe kwenza ijusi elihle kakhulu, i-adjika, i-pasta, i-ketchup, nokuningi. Izinhlobonhlobo zika utamatisi "Izithelo ezinkulu zikaZimarevsky" ezisezingeni elihlukene, likhule kahle ensimini evikelekile nevulekile. Ikhiqiza kakhulu futhi izithelo zayo zinambitheka kakhulu futhi zinhle kakhulu kumasaladi nasemanzini utamatisi ekheniwe. Lesi sitshalo eside sidinga i-garter, ukususwa kwezinyathelo, futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bayo bezolimo buyingqayizivele yokutshala utamatisi.

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