Isici esibalulekile ekukhulisweni kwezilwane yizimo zezenhlalakahle zezilwane. Okokuqala, i-microclimate yekamelo igqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane ezifuywayo, izinga lokuthola isisindo ezinhlotsheni zenyama kanye nesilinganiso sokusinda sabasha. Mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele uzinake ngazo, futhi kuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.
Iyini isimo sezulu esingaphakathi
Ngaphansi kwe-microclimate kusho inhlanganisela yezici ezibonisa isimo semvelo esihlaziyekile (kufaka phakathi izinga lokuvikeleka ukuhlala isikhathi eside lapho). 
Umqondo uhlanganisa izinga lokushisa elincane, umswakama, umoya we-velocity, dustiness, okuqukethwe kwegesi ehlukahlukene, izinga lokukhanya nomsindo. Njengoba ungabona, lo mqondo oyinkimbinkimbi ongashintsha izinga lakhe kuye ngokuthi uhlobo luni, izimo zezulu, uhlobo lwezilwane eziqukethwe epeni, kanye nenombolo yabo.
Ayikho inamba ecacile yenombolo yezinga le-microclimate. Kunezincomo kuphela zokubeka izici ezithile zemvelo, ngesisekelo lapho kuhlolwa khona lo mqondo obalulekile.
Kubalulekile! Imiphakamiso ye-microclimate ekwakhiweni kwemfuyo ithonywa yizimo zezulu esifundeni lapho kutholakala khona, izici zesakhiwo, ubuningi bezilwane, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokuphuza umoya nezokuthuthwa kwamanzi.
Yimiphi imingcele ekhombisa i-microclimate yezakhiwo zezilwane
Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, umqondo oyinkimbinkimbi uhlanganisa inani elikhulu kakhulu lezici.
Esihlokweni esizicabangela kuphela okubaluleke kakhulu kubo: izinga lokushisa, umswakama, umoya we-velocity, ukukhanya, izinga lomsindo, okuqukethwe komhlabathi kanye nokuqukethwe kwamagesi akingozi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwemingcele kuzokwenziwa ngokuphathelene namapulazi aqukethe izinkomo, amathole, izimvu, izingulube, onogwaja kanye nezinkukhu.
Ukushisa kwemoya
Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke se-microclimate yisimo sokushisa okumangalisayo. Kukhona amaphuzu angu-3 kuwo.: izinga lokushisa lokududuza, imingcele ephezulu kanye ephansi.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukwazi ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani kahle: izinkomo (ngendlela ephathekayo neyodwa); izinkukhu, amahansi, ama-turkeys, kanye no-onogwaja (emasimini nase-aviaries).
Ukushisa okunethezeka kusho ukuthi lapho ukukhiqizwa kwe-metabolism nokukhiqiza ukushisa kusezingeni eliphansi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo nezinye izinhlelo zomzimba azigxilile.
Ezimweni ezishisayo kakhulu, ukudlulisa ukufudumala kuvinjelwa, ukudla kwezilwane kuyancipha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqiza kunciphisa. Kungenzeka ukuthi izilwane ezifuywayo zizothola isifo sokushisa, okungabangela ukufa. 
Ukushisa okubaluleke kakhulu kudluliselwa ngomswakama ophezulu nokungena ngokwanele. Ezimweni lapho izinga lokushisa liseduze nomkhawulo ongaphezulu, kunconywa ukwandisa ukushintshanisa umoya egumbini, ukuxosha izilwane ngamanzi noma ukugeza kuzosiza. Izilwane ezifuywayo kufanele zihlale zimanzi.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungayinisela kanjani inkomo kanye nonogwaja.
Uma ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokulondolozwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa lezozinto ezinokufudumala okushisa, uzidayise ezimhlophe. Ukutshala izihlahla ezinemiqhele emikhulu ezungeze umkhawulo wezakhiwo nakho kunomphumela omuhle. Uma udla emoyeni omusha, kungcono kakhulu ukubeka izinkomo emthunzini.
Ukushisa okuncane kakhulu kwenza umzimba wesilwane usebenze zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo ze-thermoregulation. Ukusebenza kahle kunciphisa futhi ukusetshenziswa kwondlo kwanda, ngenxa yokuthi ukusinda kuba umsebenzi oyinhloko. Ngomphumela wesikhathi eside wokushisa, kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi kubanda.
Kodwa-ke, izilwane zihlushwa amachiza okushisa kakhulu, okungaholela ekuguleni noma ngisho nasekufeni, njengoba lokhu kungukucindezeleka okukhulu komzimba.
| Uhlobo lwesilwane | Ukushisa okwenziwe ngakho, ะก |
| Izinkomo | kusuka ku-8 ukuya ku-12 |
| Amathole | kusuka ku-18 kuya ku-20 (ithole elingaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-20) kusuka ku-16 kuya kwezingu-18 (kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-60) kusuka ezinyangeni ezingu-12 kuya ku-18 (izinsuku ezingu-60-120) |
| Ama-pig | kusukela ngo-14 ukuya ku-16 |
| Izimvu | 5 |
| Unogwaja | kusukela ngo-14 ukuya ku-16 |
| Izinkukhu ezindala (izinkukhu, amadada, amahansi, ama-turkeys) | kusukela ngo-14 ukuya ku-16 |
Sincoma ukuthi ufunde kabanzi ngezifo ezihlukahlukene: izinkomo, izingulube, ama-turkeys, izinkukhu, onogwaja, izimbuzi, amahansi.
Umswakama womoya
Okubaluleke kakhulu nomswakama ekamelweni
Ngokwehlukana okuphawulekayo okujwayelekile, ukukhiqiza kwepulazi kwehle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuswakama kwe-humidity (ngaphezulu kuka-85%), izinkomo zinciphisa ubisi ngokukhiqiza ngo-1% okwenyuka ngamaphesenti ngayinye, kuyilapho izinzuzo zezinkukhu zinciphisa ngo-2.7%. Futhi, izinga eliphakeme linikeza ekubunjweni kokunciphisa ezindongeni, okuphinde kube nomthelela ekugxilweni kwegumbi. Umswakama uqoqa kudoti, futhi lokhu kungabangela izifo eziningi. 
Umoya owomile (ongaphansi kuka-40%) ekamelweni ukoma izinambuzane ezimangcwaba zezilwane, ziye zanda ukujuluka, ukunciphisa ukudla futhi ukulwa nezifo.
| Uhlobo lwesilwane | Umswakama omuhle |
| Izinkomo | 50-70% |
| Amathole | 50-80% |
| Ama-pig | 60-85% |
| Izimvu | 50-85% |
| Unogwaja | 60-80% |
| Izinkukhu ezindala (izinkukhu, amadada, amahansi, ama-turkeys) | 60-70% |
Isivinini se-air
Ukuze ugcine ngempumelelo amazinga okushisa nama-humidity ekamelweni, kudingekile umoya wokuphuza umoya, okuzovimbela ukwakheka kwe-condensate, ukuqhuma komoya omusha, kanye nokususwa kwe-carbon dioxide nokushisa okwedlulele okwenziwe ngenqubo yokuphila.
I-ventilation yemvelo (ikhishwe ngenxa yokuphakama kwomoya oshisayo) isebenza ngobuningi bezilwane ekamelweni kanye ne-shafts ephezulu ye-ventilation shafts.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukwazi ukwenza umoya ngendlela efanele: enogwaja, emgodini, e-pigsty, endlini ye hen.
Ukuze ugweme ukunciphisa, i-shaft ixhunyiwe. Emakamelweni ngemfuyo emikhulu yaphakanyiswa uhlelo lokuqhuma umoya.
Amandla wabalandeli, ubukhulu be-shafts yokuvula umoya nokuvuleka kukhethwe ngokwehlukana ekamelweni ngalinye. I-ventilation ephoqelelwe ikuvumela ukuba ulawule inani lemimoya engenayo kanye nesivinini sokubuyekezwa kwayo.
Umoya egumbini lapho izilwane zigcinwa khona ukuhamba okukhathazayo nokuqhubekayo. Ukunyakaza nokubuyekezwa kwayo kwenzeka nge-air vents, iminyango, amafasitela, izikhala ezakhiweni zokwakha.
Uyazi? Ukunyakaza kwamabutho emoyeni ekamelweni kuthinteka ukunyakaza kwezilwane kanye nesivinini sokugeleza komoya emoyeni wangaphambili.
Isivinini somoya ukunyakaza kuthinta izinqubo zokushintshanisa ukushisa emzimbeni wesilwane; noma kunjalo, ezinye izici zinganciphisa noma zandise lo mphumela (isibonelo, izinga lokushisa, umswakama, nokuba khona kwempaphe noma uboya).
Ukuphakama kwezinga eliphezulu lokuhamba emoyeni ezindaweni eziphansi futhi eziphakemeyo kubangela ukupholisa ngokushesha kwesikhumba sezilwane ezifuywayo. Uma izinga lokushisa eliphansi liwela ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa komzimba, umoya obandayo ungena esikhumbeni futhi usheshise ukupholisa umzimba. Inhlanganisela enjalo yomoya obandayo kanye nejubane elikhulu lokunyakaza kwayo kungaholela ezifweni ze-catarrhal zesilwane.
Isivinini esikhulu sokuhamba kwemimoya yomoya ngokuhambisana nokushisa okuphezulu kunomthelela ekwandiseni ukufudumala komzimba womzimba, kodwa kulokhu kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvinjelwa komzimba kuvinjelwe. Ngakho-ke, ijubane lokunyakaza kwemoya kufanele lishintshwe ngokuya kwezinga lokushisa lomoya.
| Uhlobo lwesilwane | Ukuhamba kwe-air, m / s |
| Izinkomo | 0,5-1 |
| Amathole | 0,3-0,5 |
| Ama-pig | 0,3-1 |
| Izimvu | 0,2 |
| Unogwaja | 0,3 |
| Izinkukhu ezindala (izinkukhu, amadada, amahansi, ama-turkeys) | 0.3-0.6 - izinkukhu nama-turkeys; 0.5-0.8 - amadada namahansi. |
Ukukhanyisa
Isici esibalulekile ekuhlelweni kwe-microclimate ukukhanyiswa kwezakhiwo zemfuyo. Nakhu kuyadingeka ukuba unakekele kuphela ukulungiswa kokukhanyisa okufakelwayo, kodwa futhi nemvelo. I-Sunlight iyasheshisa izinqubo zemithi emzimbeni wezilwane ezifuywayo, kuyilapho i-ergosterone isebenze, okuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-rickets kanye ne-osteomalacia.
Kuzokusiza ukuthi ufunde ukuphatha ama-rickets ngamathole.
Ngomthombo wokukhanya wemvelo, isilwane sikhula kangcono futhi sishukumisela ngaphezulu. Ngesikhathi ukwakhiwa kwemfuyo yezilwane, isidingo semithombo yelanga sithathwa indlela yokukhanyisa.
Ngokuntuleka kwelanga ezilwaneni kuza "ukulamba okukhulu". Ukuqeda lesi sici esibi, kusetshenziselwa imithombo yokukhanyisa yokufakelwa, okusiza ukulawula ubude bamahora okukhanya kwelanga futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukwandise ukusebenza kahle kwezidalwa eziphilayo.
| Uhlobo lwesilwane | Ukukhanyisa okufakelwayo kwamakamelo, i-lx |
| Izinkomo | 20-30 - ngokudla; 75-100 - ngesigceme sokubeletha. |
| Amathole | 50-75 |
| Ama-pig | 50-100 - ngenxa yamakhosikazi, amathumba, isitokisi esincane, isitoko esincane ngemuva kokulunywa (kuze kube izinyanga ezingu-4); 30-50 - for izingulube for fattening of the 1st period; 20-50 - for izingulube for fattening isikhathi 2. |
| Izimvu | 30-50 - amakhosikazi, izinqama, isisitja esincane emva kokuqhafaza kanye ne-waluh; 50-100 - izindlu ezishisayo ezinegumbi lokubeletha; 150-200 - ukudlala ngo-barannik, iphuzu lokugqoka. |
| Unogwaja | 50-70 - abesifazane; 100-125 - ngamadoda; ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-25 - ye-stock fattening |
| Izinkukhu ezindala (izinkukhu, amadada, amahansi, ama-turkeys) | 10-25 - izinkukhu; 15-100 - i-turkey; 10-25 - ngodada; 15-20 - amahansi. |
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokuthi kufanele kube yini usuku olukhanyayo endlini yenkukhu.
Izinga lomsindo
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-microclimate evamile epulazini, inani lemishini yokusebenza landa kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuletha izinzuzo ezibalulekile, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lomsindo, elilimaza kakhulu ukukhuphula imfuyo, landa kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, ngomsindo okwandisiwe, izakhamuzi zihlala zingenasiphelo futhi umkhiqizo wabo wehla kakhulu, futhi izinga lokukhula liyehla.
| Uhlobo lwesilwane | Izinga lomsindo elivumelekile, dB |
| Izinkomo | 70 - ngokudla; 50 - ngesigceme sokubeletha. |
| Amathole | 40-70 |
| Ama-pig | 70 - ngamabhotela; 60 - amakhosikazi angashadile, abakhulelwe ngokujulile, abahlengikazi abahlengikazi nabancinci; 70 - for izilwane ezincane for fattening. |
| Izimvu | akukho ngaphezu kuka-70 |
| Unogwaja | akukho ngaphezu kuka-70 |
| Izinkukhu ezindala (izinkukhu, amadada, amahansi, ama-turkeys) | akukho ngaphezu kuka-70 |
Dustiness
Lapho kwenziwa izinqubo ezehlukene zobuchwepheshe epulazini elisemapulazini, liphinde lithinte kabi impilo yezilwane.
Ngenxa yokuchayeka ngokweqile ngothuli, izakhamuzi zasepulazini ziqala ukuhlushwa izifo zesikhumba ezihlukahlukene, amehlo kanye nezitho zokuphefumula nazo zithintekile.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlayiya ezinotshani, ukungena emehlweni kanye nokuphefumula, zicasula i-membrane enamaqabunga futhi zenze umzimba wesilwane unengozi kakhulu ezifweni ezihlukahlukene (isibonelo, conjunctivitis noma pneumonia).Ukuze kunciphise umthelela othulini kubakhile epulazini, kubalulekile ukuhlanza ipulazi kanye nensimu yalo eseduze, kanye nezitshalo zokutshala nezihlahla.
Ezakhiweni zezimfuyo, akufanele uhlambulule izilwane, uphazamise udoti noma ukondle, futhi ungenzi ukuhlanza owomile phambi kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
| Uhlobo lwesilwane | Ukuhlushwa komfutho, mg / m 3 |
| Izinkomo | 0,8-10 |
| Amathole | 1-5 |
| Ama-pig | 1-6 |
| Izimvu | 1-2,5 |
| Unogwaja | 0,5-1,8 |
| Izinkukhu ezindala (izinkukhu, amadada, amahansi, ama-turkeys) | 2-4 |
Okuqukethwe kwegesi okunobungozi
I-air iyinhlanganisela yegesi, engafana kakhulu ekwakheni kwamakamelo ahlukene. Ukwakhiwa kwamabutho emoyeni ezindaweni zokufuya kwezilwane kuhluke kakhulu, ngoba, ngaphezu kwe-carbon dioxide, iqukethe negesi elimazayo emithini yemfucuza.
Ngenxa yalokho, umoya ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwalezi gesi njenge-ozone, i-ammonia, i-carbon monoxide ne-hydrogen sulfide.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamagesi okulimaza emoyeni kungaholela ekunciphiseni kwe-oxygen kuya ku-16-18%, futhi kubangele izinqubo ezingenakuguquka emzimbeni wesilwane.Ngokuvamile, ukuntuleka kwe-oksijini ezindaweni zokufuywayo kungavamile kakhulu. Ngisho noma isakhiwo sinomshini womoya wokuvuthwa kuphela, khona-ke lokhu kuwanele impilo ejwayelekile yesilwane.
Nokho, kunakekelwa ukuthi izinga lezinto eziyingozi alidluli izimiso ezivumelekile.
| Uhlobo lwesilwane | Ukuhlushwa okuvunyelwe kwe-carbon dioxide, mg / m 3 | Ukuhlushwa okuvumelekile kwe-ammonia, mg / m 3 | Ukuhlushwa okuvumelekile kwe-hydrogen sulfide, mg / m 3 | Ukuhlushwa okuvunyelwe kwe-carbon monoxide, mg / m 3 |
| Izinkomo | 0,15-0,25 | 10-20 | 5-10 | 0,5-2 |
| Amathole | 0,15-0,25 | 10-20 | 5-10 | 0,5-2 |
| Ama-pig | 0,2 | 15-20 | 10 | 0,5-2 |
| Izimvu | 0,2-0,3 | 15-20 | 10 | 1,5-2 |
| Unogwaja | 0,25 | 10 | umkhondo | 2 |
| Izinkukhu ezindala (izinkukhu, amadada, amahansi, ama-turkeys) | 0,15-0,2 | 10 | 5 | 2 |
Ukulawulwa okuqinile okunjalo kuchazwa ukuthi noma yikuphi ushintsho kwimingcele ye-microclimate kuhlanganisa umthelela ojulile emzimbeni wesilwane.
