Ngabe izinkabi zidla ngotshani

Ukudla okuluhlaza kungumthombo oyinhloko wamavithamini namaminerali ngesilwane esikhathini esifudumele, lapho imfuyo ihlala khona emadlelweni.

Zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezidliwayo ezikhulayo emadlelweni ziyagaya kalula futhi zifake umzimba, ngaphandle kwalokho zivunwa, isibonelo, ngendlela yokudla, okusetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekudleni kwasebusika kwezinkomo.

Ngabe izinkabi zidla utshani emadlelweni

Zonke izitshalo ze-herbaceous zedlelo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amane:

• i-legumes (umndeni womlume);
• okusanhlamvu (umndeni wezitshalo);
• i-sedge (sedge ne-rush);
• izinhlanzi (neminye imindeni).

Uyazi? Ukunambitheka ubisi kuxhomeke ekudleni kwenkomo. Uma uzizwa ulusizi, kungenzeka ukuthi kamuva nje owesifazane othandekayo wadla umhlonyane.

Imifino

Imifino - iqembu elibandakanya kakhulu izitshalo ezingapheli, abameleli bayo bavame kakhulu emahlathini nasezindlini zezikhukhula. Bafana nezinkomo kunezinkomishi futhi banesikhathi eside sokugaya (izikhathi ezimbili). I-85-86% yenani lazo zonke izitshalo zitholwa kahle yizilwane zesilwane, 8-9% azifanelekile izinkomo, kanti ama-5% ayenobuthi obugcwele.

Abameleli abathandwa kakhulu bezinambuzane:

• izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-clover;
• i-alfalfa;
• i-espartret;
• i-tributary;
• umakoti omncane;
• imbuzi

Kuzosiza futhi ukuba uthole ukuthi yini okufanele ukondle izinkomo zobisi, izinkomo ezomile ezikhulelwe, indlela yokondla inkomo ebusika.

Izitshalo

Izitshalo - izakhamuzi ze-steppe zone, amahlathi, izikhukhula zemifula namachibi. Izitshalo ezingamaphesenti angu-90 ezivela emalini yazo zonke izimboni zitholwa kahle, ama-5% ahlonishwa kahle, ama-5% ayenobuthi. Izitshalo ziyancipha kakhulu kunezinambuzane.

Zifakwe ngokwemigomo yaba ngamaqembu:

1. I-Hygrophiles - lezo ezikhula emzimbeni wamanzi noma eziseduze nabo futhi ngokushesha ziba nzima. Zihlanganisa umhlanga, umhlanga, i-manniki, ilayisi elingapheli kanye ne-arkophila.
2. Xerophiles - izakhamizi zendawo ye-steppe, indawo engasemgwaqeni. Ziyamelana kakhulu nesomiso. Lezi zitshalo ziyi-fescue, i-fescue, utshani wezinsizi, i-tiostrenitsa, izinwele nokunye.
3. I-Mesophilic - abathandi bomswakama isilinganiso bavela emahlathini nasezintabeni. Entwasahlobo, ukuthuthukiswa kwabo kuhamba kancane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-wheatgrass, i-rump, i-foxtail, i-Fry, i-ryegrass, njll.
4. Amaflethi esasawoti baphile emhlabathini onosawoti ema-steppes, ehlane nasemadolobheni aphansi. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuthola, izitshalo zikhula ngokwengeziwe. Abamele beqembu bahlaselwa, i-mulberry, i-riparian.
5. Izitshalo zonyaka zokudla - izakhamuzi zamahlane nezindawo zasemaphandleni. Lokhu kufaka umlilo, i-mortu, ama-crystals, ama-oats, i-millet, njll.

Sedge

Sedge - amakhambi amakhulu kakhulu, anomswakama-onothando. Amaqabunga ezitshalo anzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke awakuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezinkomo.

Uyazi? Ukudla inyama yenkomo kwezinye izindawo zaseNdiya kusho imali enhle kakhulu, futhi uma kwenzeka ukuphulwa ngokuphindaphindiwe kokuvinjelwa - ukuboshwa iminyaka emihlanu.

Amalungu omndeni ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana:

• inveterate enomswakama (ezinkulu ngamaqabunga amaqabunga): njenge-sedge noma i-sedge;
• unomswakama othandwayo udliwe: irowu kabili, amanzi, i-sedge ye-solar;
• kudliwe kahle i-steppe, i-semi-desert, intaba (ekuqaleni, ukuvuvukala, ukulila kanye nezinye izidumbu).

Amakhambi

Emakhambi ahlanganisa izitshalo ezihlukahlukene ezivela emindenini engaphezu kuka-1000 ehlukene. Zikhula ngokuyinhloko emahlathini, ezintabeni, kancane kancane - ezintshonalanga nasehlane. I-52% yazo zonke izitshalo zeqembu idliwa kahle, 39% ayidli kahle, 9% ayinobuthi ezinkomeni.

Abameleli abavame kakhulu:

• umhlonyane;
• ama-horsetails;
• i-yarrow;
• I-Dandelion:
• umquba;
• i-coltsfoot.

Yikuphi ukutshala utshani ongahlwanyelwa izinkomo?

Ungakha futhi amadlelo amancane ekhaya - hlwaya insimu yezilwane ezihamba ngezinotshani. Imakethe yezitshalo imelwe izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, ngonyaka kanye nonyaka.

Amanothi

Phakathi kwezitshalo zokudla zonyaka ezidume kakhulu yizo:

1. Ryegrass - isihlahla esinomsoco esiqinile esinesitembu esithambile, sifinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama. Iqukethe amaqabunga aluhlaza okwedlula isikhathi eside kanye nembewu eluhlaza oblong. Isihlahla sinqabana nesithwathwa futhi simelana nezifo nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane.

2. Ubusika baseSudan, libhekisela kokusanhlamvu. Isihlahla sikhula sibe ngu-0.5-3 m ukuphakama. Amaqabunga e-Lanceolate ane-texture ebushelelekile nombala obala obala. Utshani obunamandla obomile, obuningi eliphezulu lokucindezeleka (lungadliwa izikhathi eziningana phakathi nonyaka).
3. Umvalo omhlopheIkhula kuze kufike ku-0.25-1 m ukuphakama. I-stems yayo, njengombuso, ifakwe izinwele ezinzima, ezimweni ezingavamile zingabonakali ngokuphelele. Amaqabunga ezingeni elingaphansi le-lyre, eliphezulu - ngesimo se-oval esikhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza esiqhingini ukutshala izimbali ezimhlophe noma eziphuzi. Kuhle impova yizinambuzane.

4. Phacelia - lesi sitshalo isitshalo seju, sinesitshalo esinomsoco esiphuthumayo, esingaba ngu-0.6-0.9 m ukuphakama. Isikhathi sokuqhakaza siza emva kwenyanga emva kokuhlwanyela bese kuqhubeka izinyanga ezingu-1-2.

5. Vika Spring - utshani buphezulu amaprotheni. Ifinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama futhi ine-taproot. Lesi sitshalo sisakazeka emhlabathini.

Imifino engapheli

Kudingeka utshani obungapheli kusuka kubalimi, njengoba kungekho sidingo sokutshala izimila njalo ngonyaka.

Okuthandwa kakhulu yilokhu:

1. Alfalfa - vula izihlahla zokuphakama okuphakathi. Amaqabunga ahlaza anesimo se-ellipsoidal. Ngesikhathi sezimbali, lesi sitshalo sigcwele izimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (ezinye izimpande kungenzeka, kuze kufike ukhilimu). Hay utshani obusika obukhulu obusika kanye ukumelana nesomiso, kalula ivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha sezulu.

2. I-Clover emhlophe - ummeli womndeni we-legume onomdlandla okhulayo. Ukungathobeki ezimweni zokulima, kahle, ngisho nangobumba nomhlabathi onesihlabathi. Iqukethe isikhathi eside sezimbali, esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa.

3. I-Sandy Esparcetnesistimu ejulile. Ama-stalks aluhlaza afinyelela ku-0.8 m ukuphakama. Engxenyeni engenhla yeqabunga inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti ingxenye engezansi i-pubescent. Izithelo - ubhontshisi.

4. Inhlanzi yokudla utshani yakha i-turf evulekile yokukhanya kombala ohlaza okwedlula yonke inkathi yezimbali. Amahlumela ayamaqabunga, afinyelele ku-0.7 m ukuphakama.

Yini engenziwa ngotshani

Abalimi abanekhono bavame ukukhiqiza utshani befriji ebusika ngendlela:

• inhlanzi;
• utshani;
• i-silo;
• u-haylage.

Senazh

Haylage - izitshalo zomile zibe ngu-55% umswakama. Ngalesi silinganiso semiswakama, cishe wonke amabhaktheriya anciphisa ukuphila kwabo. Ku-haylage kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ama-legumes kanye nama-legume-cereal utshani (i-alfalfa, i-clover, i-sainfoin), ehlwanyela ekuqaleni kwezinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa.

Kubalulekile! Izinga lomswakama lihlolwa ngokusebenzisa imitha yomswakama.

Isisindo sonke sichotshoziwe kuze kube ubude obuphakanyisiwe buka-3 cm.

Hay

I-Hay ibhekisela ekuphaleni okuqinile. Izinga lokuswakama kwamakhambi kulo akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-17%. Izitshalo zitshalwe futhi zishiywa ukuze zome elangeni, ngezikhathi ezithile zizincenga nge-rake. Ngokulandelayo, imiqulu iqoqwa ngezinqwaba noma ixhaswe ngosizo lwemishini yezolimo futhi ifakwe isitoreji sesikhathi eside ekamelweni elomile.

Uhlobo

I-straw iyimifino eyomile yezitshalo (izitshalo nezitshalo) ezisele ngemuva kokubhula. Kumele kube nezinga lokuswakama kwe-20% ukuze kugweme ukubunjwa.

Kunezinketho eziningi zokuthenga:

• ukugaya, ukomisa, ukugaya nokuthutha endaweni yokugcina;
• ukugaya, ukomisa, ukuqoqa ezigciniwe nokuhambisa isitoreji esengeziwe;
• ukugaya, ukucindezela ngemishini ekhethekile emabhaleni bese uhamba endaweni yokumisa.

ISilo

I-Silo iyinqwaba ye-herbal eye yaphathwa ngamabhaktheriya e-lactic acid. Izitshalo ezinezinga lomswakama ka-60% zifakwa emgodini olungiselelwe ngokukhethekile. Kunezimpande ezingeziwe kanye nemifino ehlukahlukene, kanye nokuvuthwa.

Imisa icindezelwe futhi ihlanganiswe nefilimu ukukhawulela ukufinyelela kwemoya. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-30-40 isi-silage isilungile, sinombala ophuzi futhi iphunga elimnandi. Gcina ukudla kuma-silos.

Ubuthi ngenxa yezinkomo utshani

Emadlelweni, amakhambi ayingozi ezilwaneni angavame ukukhula:

1. Ledum rosemary - isitshalo esiphezulu esingaqinile shrub. Ifinyelela ukuphakama kwe-0.2-1.25 m, inephunga elinamandla. Amahlumela awawenawo amahlamvu, amaqabunga avulekile, izimbali zimhlophe. Ikhubaza isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, ipheshana lesisu, inhliziyo, isilwane seyeka ukuzwa izitho.

2. I-Wonyy euonymus - i-shrub eqondile engu-1-2 m phezulu. Amagatsha awo amancane, agcwele ama-black "warts". Amaqabunga ane-oblong nesimo sombala ohlaza okombala, ngenkathi izimbali zihluma izimbali ezincane. Emanzini amancane kubangelwa ama-colic nezihlalo ezikhululekile, ngokulinganiselwa okukhulu kokufa.

3. I-Black helen - Isitshalo somndeni waseSolanaceae enephunga elimnandi. Iqukethe izimbali ezinkulu eziphuzi ezinezintambo ezibomvu. Kubangela ukuqhuma, ukuxubana kanye ne-tympanitis.

4. I-Hemlock icwecwe - isitshalo semitha emibili ngezithelo zombala obomvu. Uma ugoqa isithelo, ungaphogela igundane. Ezimeni, kubangela ubuthakathaka, kuphazamise uhlelo lwezinzwa zomphakathi. Izilwane ngokuvamile zifa kuloluhlaza.

5. I-milestone enobuthi ikhula kuze kufike ku-2m ukuphakama. Iqukethe izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe, eziqoqwe ngezimbulunga. Lokhu kuphazamisa ukuphefumula, ukukhubazeka kokuphefumula.

6. I-Buttercup Anemone inezinhlamvu ezinwabuzelayo ezindala ezinama-rhizome kanye nama-scaly, ezimbozwe ngopuphu oluphansi. Isiqu sifinyelela ku-0.1-0.3 m ukuphakama, izimbali ziphuzi. Icasula izinso kanye nomgudu wamathumbu, izimbangela zokuqhakaziza nokuphuma emcinini.

7. I-Dope iphunga - utshani obude ngephunga elimnandi. Izimbali zobukhulu obukhulu bombala omhlophe zinesimo sensimbi. Ukuphazamisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo nobuchopho, kubangela ukukhubazeka.
8. Hypericum - isitshalo esilungile esinokuphakama kwe-0.8 m eneziqu ezincane. Iqhakaza ngezimbali zegolide ezimbozwe amachashazi amnyama. Lokhu kubangela ukubonakala kwamathumba, ukuvuvukala kolimi nezindebe.

9. Buttercups - amakhambi anejusi enobuthi. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwezitshalo kungu-1 m. Izimbali zihlelwe emilenzeni ende futhi zibe nombala ophuzi, ziqukethe ama-petals angu-5, angawudluli u-2 cm ububanzi. Bangela ukubhuqa nokuphazanyiswa kwesihlalo.

10. Umlomo ubukhali ine-stem ene-curly ine-edge edge kanye nobude obude obuyi-3 m. Ukuma kwamaqabunga cishe ku-triangular, izimbali zihlangana ngezimbulunga. Ikhubaza umsebenzi wesistimu yezinzwa eziphakathi nenhliziyo, kubangele ukuhlanza nezihlalo ezixekethile.

Kubalulekile! Khetha ngokucophelela indawo yokudla izinkomo, imifino akufanele ibe njengezitshalo ezilimazayo, nokungcola kwemboni.

Ukuhlwanyela ngenkathi ehlobo lokusahlobo-ehlobo kuyinxenye ebalulekile yokunakekela imfuyo, futhi amadlelo angadalwa yedwa uma kungenjalo noma kungenakwenzeka. Into eyinhloko ukukhumbula ukuthi kunezitshalo ezinobuthi ezinkonyeni, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zitshalo kungaholela ekufeni kwezilwane.