Isifo somlomo nesifo somlomo yisifo esiyingozi sezinkomo, sithathelwana kakhulu, ngakho-ke sisakazeka ngokushesha, sinemiphumela emibi hhayi nje kwezolimo kuphela, kodwa nangomnotho wonke. I-FMD isakazwa kusuka ezilwaneni kuya kubantu, ngenhlanhla, ivame ukuphulukiswa ngaphandle kokulandelana, kodwa okunye okukwenzekayo, ngakho kufanele wazi ukuthi ungayibona kanjani lesi sifo ezilwaneni ngesikhathi.
Iyini lesi sifo
Isifo somlomo nesifo somlomo yisifo segciwane lesandulela ngculaza esenzeka kuwo wonke ama-artiodactyls, kufaka phakathi izilwane zasendle, kodwa izinkomo zitholakala kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane zigula, kungakhathaliseki ubudala, nakuba izilwane ezincane zithathelwana ngegciwane futhi zibhekene nezifo ngaphezulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isifo somlenze nomlomo sisakazeka emhlabeni wonke. 
I-Pathogen, imithombo nemigwaqo yokutheleleka
I-agent ye-causative ye-FMD iyigciwane elincanyana lokubunjwa kwamaprotheni, ububanzi balo buyi-10-30 nanometers kuphela. Kungenxa ye-RNA-containing viruses, i-genus - rhinoviruses, umndeni - Picornaviridae.
Ngokusho kwezakhiwo zayo, igciwane le-FMD lihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa - O, A, C, CAT-1, CAT-2, CAT-3 ne-Asia-1, ngayinye yayo, ehlukile, inehlukahluka eziningana. Inani lezinhlobonhlobo lilokhu lishintsha njengoba igciwane lishintsha futhi kuvela okusha.
Futhi uma isilwane sinehlobo oluthile lwesifo se-FMD, lokhu akufaki ukutheleleka ngolunye uhlobo lwegciwane.
Imithombo yale gciwane:
- izilwane ezigulayo, kufaka phakathi lezo ezisezinkathini zokugubha;
- izithwala zegciwane (lezo zinkomo ezivele zinezifo, zingaba yingozi ngaphezu konyaka).
Ezilwaneni ezigulayo kungenzeka ukuthola igciwane ebisi, amathe, umchamo kanye namanzi, ngakho-ke, ama-causative agents of foot and mouth disease ngaphandle kwezinkinga ukungena endaweni yangaphandle. Umphumela walokhu kungcoliswa kwezinqolobane, amagceke ahambahambayo, imishini ehlukahlukene, izimbiza zokudla, amadlelo, ama-reservoirs kanye nefodder.
Ababekhona, izimoto, ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, njengamakati, izinja, izinyoni, zingakwazi ukuthwala igciwane ngokwabo. Izinambuzane ezinambuzane nazo zingaba yingozi. 
I-FMD virus emvelweni ihlala isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, emadlelweni ezintabeni, angase asebenze kuze kube yonyaka olandelayo, ubuchopho besilwane buhlala izinsuku ezingu-50, ezembatho zabantu - kuze kube yizinsuku eziyikhulu, futhi endlini - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-70.
Uyazi? Kukhona isenzo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Cow Parade". Phakathi nokuqaliswa kwalo, izithombe ze-fiberglass zezinkabi ezidwetshwe ngabaculi zifakwe emigwaqweni yedolobha noma emaphepheni, emva kwalokho lezi zidalwa zithengiswa futhi imali eyithunyelwayo ithunyelwa kusizo.
Inkomo ingenwe igciwane ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- lapho bedla nge-mucosa yomlomo;
- ngesikhumba esonakalisiwe sesilwane nemilenze;
- ngamaconsi amanzi lapho kukhona khona abantu abaningi abagulayo.
Isikhathi sokukhushulwa kanye nezibonakaliso zesifo somlenze nomlomo emitholampilo
Isikhathi sokugxila sithatha izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezingu-7. Lesi sifo sihlale sinzima kakhulu. Izinkomo zingaba nezinhlobo ezimbili ezinyaweni nezifo zomlomo - zinobungozi futhi ziyingozi.
Cabanga ngezibonakaliso zesimo esibucayi ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo:
- Ukudla okubi nokuphuza kancane kancane.
- Ukushisa kuphakama kuya kuma-40.5-41.5 degrees, i-membrane emangcwabeni yomlomo iyashisa futhi iyomile.
- Ukushayela okusheshayo nokuphefumula.
- Ukuqedwa kokudla kokudla nokuncipha okubukhali ekukhiqizeni ubisi.
- Ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo - ukubukeka kwamabhule (aft) emlonyeni, emakhaleni nasemaphakeni emphunjini, uketshezi ngaphakathi kubo kucacile okokuqala, bese kuba lukhuni.
- Ukubonakala kwemibono esakhiweni sokuqhuma aft.
- Ukudonsa okunamandla, ubunzima bokudla ukudla, ukoma.
- Ukushisa kwesikhumba endaweni enamahlombe, kunomuntu okhubazekayo.
- I-Tachycardia ne-arrhythmia kungenzeka, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemizwa.
Iningi lezinkomo ezigulayo liphuluka emva kwamasonto 3-4 kusukela ngesikhathi sokutheleleka, ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kahle nokuphathwa okwanele. Ukufa kuleli cala kuyinto encane - kuze kufike ku-0.5%. 
Izimpawu zesimo esibi se-FMD, ngaphezu kwe-aphtha embran mucous kanye nesikhumba, zimi kanje:
- Ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwenhliziyo, kuhlanganise nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
- Ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lokujikeleza.
- Ukucindezeleka, ukuphazamiseka.
- Ukuphefumula, ukushaya.
Ngeshwa, leli fomu libhekene nokufa okuphezulu, kufika ku-70%.
Isifo somlomo nesifo somlomo ngesimo esibi siyabonakala njalo ezinkomo ezincane. Amathole ahlukana ngokuncane: eneminyaka emibili ubudala, abanalo i-aphthae, kodwa i-gastroenteritis ejulile, i-sepsis, i-myocarditis, nokucindezeleka okukhulu kukhona.
Izingane ezigulayo azifuni ukuphuza i-colostrum. Bangakwazi kakade bafe ngosuku lokuqala, kanti izinga lokufa lifinyelela ku-60%.
Ukuhlonza
Ukuhlolisiswa kwesifo somlenze nomlomo kusekelwe ku:
- idatha epizootological;
- izimpawu zomtholampilo zesifo;
- izinguquko zesifo esibucayi ekuvuleni;
- ukuvivinywa kwama-laboratory.
Kubalulekile! Ngesibonakaliso sokuqala salesi sifo esiyingozi, thatha izinyathelo ngokushesha zokuxilongwa.
Uma izinkomo noma amathole zihlakulela emlonyeni, endaweni yomdlwane, emaphethelweni, emanzini, ekuqedeni, ekunciphiseni ukuhlafuna ukudla, lokhu kufanele kuphakamise ukusola ngesifo somlenze nomlomo. 
Kucwaningo lwama-laboratory, izindonga ze-aft zikhethiwe ezingakaqali (okungenani amagremu ama-5). Izinto eziqoqiwe kumele zifakwe ku-preservative, okuyingxube ye-glycerin engokwemvelo kanye nesisombululo se-phosphate buffer pH 7.4-7.6, esithathwe ngemali elinganayo.
Okulandelayo, isitsha esine-preservative sivalwe ngokuqinile futhi, ngemva kokumbozwa ngoboya bekotini, sivaliwe esitsheni esingenawo amanzi. Konke lokhu kuhlinzekwa ezinsizakalweni ezifanele zezilwane, ngokubheka ngokucophelela izinyathelo zokuphepha.
E-laboratory, esebenzisa ukusabela okuhlukahlukene, ukutholakala kwegciwane elibangela i-FMD isungulwa. Uma i-virus itholakele, izifundo zezinto eziphilayo zenziwa ukusiza ukunquma uhlobo nolunye uhlobo lwe-agent causative.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukubonakala kwamabhulezi anesisindo emgodini womlomo futhi ekukhuleni kwenkomo akusho njalo ukuthi kukhona isifo esiyingozi, isibonakaliso esifanayo siyisici se-stomatitis ne-dermatitis, isikhukhumba, nesifo.
Izifo ezithathelwanayo zezinkomo nazo zihlanganisa: i-mycoplasmosis, i-anthrax, i-necrobacteriosis, i-endometritis, i-nodular dermatitis, i-chlamydia, i-brucellosis, i-leptospirosis, i-aplasmosis, i-actinomycosis.
Izinguquko zesifo
Endabeni yesifo esibucayi sesifo, njengoba sesibonile kakade, ukufa kwezilwane ezigulayo kwenzeka kakhulu. Ekuhlolweni kwe-autopsy yabantu abafile, kukhona i-aphthae nokukhukhula komzimba emlonyeni womlomo, endaweni yesikhumba, nasesikhumba esikrinini esingasese, lapho kungekho khona izinwele, izindebe, izingono, izimbambo kanye nezimpikiswano ezingaphakathi.
Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zilonda zitholakala eduze kwe-anus. 
Kodwa uma kwenzeka i-FMD engathandeki, ngaphezu kwezibonakaliso ezingenhla, izinguquko ezinhlanjeni zamasipha kanye nensizwa yenhliziyo zitholakala. Kuye kwaqalwa ukuthi imbangela enkulu yokufa kwezilwane ezigulayo umonakalo we-myocardial.
Uma ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle kwenhliziyo nokucubungula kwe-myocardium kwenziwa, i-foci encane ye-lesion-gray grey ngendlela yamabala noma imigqa yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nobubunjwa itholakala.
Emisipha yangemuva, izitho, ulimi nezinye, izilonda ze-muscle fiber zingatholakala ngesimo se-gelatinous serous ephuzi.
Ezimweni ezimbi, ngesikhathi se-autopsy, i-hemorrhages iyatholakala, okugxilwe emgqabeni wokugaya, amaphaphu, izinso, isibindi, ngisho nasebuchosheni nomgogodla. Ungathola futhi i-serous engena emathanjeni angaphansi, izicubu ezihlangene, ezindongeni zamathumbu.
Ukwelashwa kwezinyawo nomlomo emitholampilo
Ngenxa yokuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi zegciwane le-FMD, eliphinde liguqule njalo, alikhiqizi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezilwane zokwelashwa kwalesi sifo esiyingozi. Kulokhu, into esemqoka - ukunakekelwa kahle nokulwa nezimpawu.
Imicimbi evamile
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlukanisa izilwane ezigulayo egumbini elihlukile. Kufanele ihlanzeke, nge-umoya omuhle kanye nokushisa okukhululekile. Umbhede othobekile, ohlanzekile onempahla enhle kufanele ubeke phansi. Kungaba i-peat, i-sawdust.
Kubalulekile! Ngenkathi yokugula, izinkomo zithinteke kakhulu kwezinye izigciwane kanye nezifo, ngakho zidinga ukuhlanzeka nokunakekelwa, ukuze kugweme ukubonakala kokutheleleka kwesibili.
Ukondla izinkomo ezigulayo zidinga kuphela ukudla okunomsoco. Kunconywa ukuba unike umuntu okhulumela ufulawa, utshani obuluhlaza, izinga eliphakeme le-silage. Qinisekisa ukuhlinzeka izilwane ngamanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile ngobuningi obanele. 
Izindlela ezikhethekile
Isici esibalulekile ekwelapheni izinkomo ukwelashwa ezindaweni ezithintekile nge-aphthae nokukhukhula.
Ukusetshenziswa komlomo we-mucosa:
- Amaphesenti angu-2 acetic acid;
- isisombululo se-potassium permanganate - 0.1%;
- i-furatsilin - 0.5%;
Uma izilonda zigcwele futhi zibangela ubuhlungu, i-anesthesia iyadingeka ukuze isilwane singadla ngokujwayelekile.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, yenza ingxube elandelayo:
- Novocain;
- i-anesthesin;
- i-sulphate yethusi.
Isilinganiso sezithako: 1: 1: 2, futhi njengesisekelo usebenzisa i-petroleum jelly noma amafutha wezinhlanzi. Le mafutha asetshenziselwa izindawo ezithintekile emlonyeni ngaphambi kokudla.
Ukucubungula kweminye imikhawulo, ingxube ye-tar namafutha enhlanzi isetshenziswe ngokulinganisela okulinganayo, futhi uma ukuvuvukala okukhona kukhona, i-iodine noma i-streptocid isetshenziselwa isisombululo se-potassium permanganate. 
Ungathatha amabhati okugeza, ngoba lokhu kuthatha:
- isisombululo se-formaldehyde - 2%;
- isisombululo soda caustic - 0.5%;
- I-Creolin noma i-Lysol emulsion - 2-3%.
Konke lokhu kwengezwa ezinkalweni ezikhethekile ngamanzi ahlanzekile ekushiseni okunethezeka futhi izinkomo ziqhutshwa kuzo. Zonke izinyathelo ezinyathelo ezingenhla zenziwa nsuku zonke.
Ngaphandle kwamakhambi angaphandle, sebenzisa izidakamizwa ezithile zokuphatha ngomlomo.
Ngalokhu, faka:
- i-immunolactone;
- i-lactoglobulin;
- i-serum ephuma egazini le-convalescents (laba ngabantu abaye bagula futhi bahlengwa).
Uyazi? E-Australia, emashumini eminyaka emva kokuqala kwezinkomo zokuzala, inkinga yomquba yaba yinkimbinkimbi: izinkukhu zasekhaya azikwazanga ukuzincoma, ngoba zazibhekene nezilwane zezilwane ze-marsupial. Indlela yokuphuma yatholwa, i-dung beetle yavela ezwenikazi lase-Afrika.
Ezimweni ezimbi, izinkomo ezigulayo zinikezwa izixazululo zenhliziyo zokusebenza okuvamile kwenhliziyo. Ukuze unike amandla, kunconywa ukuba ujobe i-glucose ngaphakathi noma umane unike isilwane ingilazi yobisi nsuku zonke.
Ukuvimbela nokugoma kwezinkomo
Izifo ezinobungozi ezifana nesifo somlenze nomlomo zilula ukuvimbela kunokwelapha. Futhi manje izinyathelo eziphikisana nokuziphatha okuhlanzekile emhlabeni jikelele ziye zaholela ekuqinisweni ukuthi ezindaweni eziningi kunesimo esihle. Noma kunjalo, kunezinhlobo ezihlukene zesifo, ngakho-ke izinyathelo zokuzivikela zibaluleke kakhulu. 
Endabeni zokuvimbela isifo somlenze nomlomo, kunezindlela ezine ezisetshenziswa emazweni ahlukene:
- Ukugonywa akukwenziwa, bonke abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculazi nalabo abanesifo esithintekayo banqotshwa ngokuphelele.
- Ukugonywa kwenziwa kuphela ekugxilweni kwalesi sifo, futhi ezikhungweni izilwane zibhujiswa.
- Ukugonywa okuvamile kwezinkomo ngenjongo yokuvimbela ezindaweni ezikude nesiguli, emgodini, bonke abantu abagulayo babhujiswa, futhi ukugoma kwenziwa ngokuzungezile;
- Abantu abathintekayo baqedwa, ukugoma okunamandla nokuqedwa kwamandla okuhlukanisa.
Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi indlela yokuqala isetshenziswa kuphela emazweni athuthukile onomnotho oqinile, ngoba uletha umonakalo omkhulu wezinto ezibonakalayo. Zonke ezinye zisetshenziselwa ukucabangela isimo, indawo nendawo yokuthuthukiswa kwezilwane.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela zihlanganisa ukulawulwa kwezinsizakalo zezilwane emkhawulweni wezwe, ukuqaliswa okuqhubekayo kwezinyathelo okuhloswe ngazo ekuthuthukiseni isiko lokuhlanzeka emabhizinisini emfuyo nakubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawula ukuhamba kwezilwane, ukunikezwa kwemikhiqizo nezinto zokusetshenziswa kuyadingeka.
Kubalulekile! Igciwane le-FMD alinamakhemikhali amaningi asetshenziselwa ukukhipha amagciwane ngamakhemikhali, isib. Kungcono ukwelapha izinqolobane ezinegciwane nezixazululo ze-formaldehyde engama-2 namaphesenti angu-1-2 we-caustic soda.
Futhi ekugcineni, ukugoma, okwenziwa emapulazini amaningi nasemapulazini ezinkomo, kuthathwa njengesilinganiso esiyimpumelelo yokuvimbela isifo somlenze nomlomo. 
Ukuze isebenzise ama-serum akhethekile, futhi imishanguzo etholakala egazini lezinkinga zegciwane isetshenziswa. Uma inkomo igonywa okokuqala, emva kwezinsuku ezingu-21, yakha umkhuhlane ohlala unyaka.
Ukubamba iqhaza, asho ukuthi isifo somlenze nomlomo akuyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu sezinkomo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wazi ngokucacile izibonakaliso zayo zokuqala ukuze uthathe izinyathelo zokwelashwa ngesikhathi, ngoba ekuqaleni kokuqala kulula ukwenza lokhu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuxilongwa kokuqala kanye nokuhlonza igciwane elithile le-FMD kuzomisa ukusabalalisa ezindaweni eziningi. Futhi izinyathelo zokuvimbela kanye nokugoma kuzosiza ekugwemeni ngokuphelele izinkinga ezinjalo. Nakekela izinkomo zakho, kanye nempilo yakho!
