Ukwakhiwa kwezinkomo kuyinkimbinkimbi yokwenza izinto zokwenza izinto kanye nokwenza ubisi, okuqinisekisiwe ngomsebenzi wezinhlelo zezinzwa nezobuhle zenyama yezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lactation ihlotshaniswa nokucindezeleka okukhulu kokusebenza kokugaya, ukuphefumula nezinhlelo zenhliziyo. Ake sihlolisise le nqubo ebalulekile, funda izigaba zayo eziyinhloko nezici zokuncelisa izinkomo kule nkathi.
Iyini isikhathi futhi isikhathi esingakanani sokukhwabanisa emkhathini
I-Lactation (kusukela eLatinini. "I-Lacto" - "iqukethe ubisi" noma "ukondla nobisi") inqubo yokwakheka nokuqoqwa ubisi ekukhunjweni kwezinkomo zezinsikazi, kanye nokukhululwa ngesikhathi sokuncelisa noma ukukhwabanisa. Ngenkathi yokuhlaselwa kwezilwane ngaphansi kwethonya lomuntu, kwaba nokwanda ukhiqizwa ubisi lwezinkomo. Ubuningi bawo kanye nekhwalithi akuxhomeke kuphela kuhlobo, izici eziningi zithonya le nqubo. Isikhathi sesikhathi lapho inkomazi ikhulula khona ubisi ibizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi se-lactation. 
Kukholelwa ukuthi lactation evamile ihlala izinsuku ezingu-305. Lesi sikhathi singanwetshwa ngokufaka umanyolo ngemuva kokubeletha kwabesifazane emva kokuqeda. Kubhekwa njengelungile uma ikhalenda kwenzeka cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo emva konyaka owodwa. Khona-ke i-lactation izohlala izinsuku ezingu-300-315, futhi isikhathi esomile - izinsuku ezingu-50-60. Isikhathi se-lactation sinomuntu siqu futhi sincike kokubili phakathi kohlobo kanye nesimo senkomo ngokwazo, futhi ezimweni zezindlu zakhe nokudla.
Uyazi? Izinkomo ziyizilwane ezinengqondo, ezinamakhono azo engqondo eziseduze ezingeni lezinja. Isibonelo, bangafunda embonweni womunye umuntu. Uma inkomo eyodwa ithola ukwethuka kagesi ocingweni, izihlobo eziningi zizozama ukugwema iphutha elinjalo.
Inqubo yokwakheka nokukhishwa ubisi
Ukufihla ubisi akukwazi ukubizwa ngekhono, kunomlingiswa we-reflex. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo iqala ngokuqala komsebenzi, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi imfihlo ikhishwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutholwa. Kulesi simo, umbelezi wenkomo uqala ukushintsha ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ikhuphuka ngobukhulu, ama-tissue amafutha ashintshwa yi-alveoli eyimfihlo. Ukwakhiwa ubisi kubangelwa izitho zokuzala kanye nesimiso se-endocrine sesilwane.
Kubalulekile! Ukuthuthukiswa okuyinhloko kwesibindi ngaphansi kwethonya lama-hormone kwenzeka esikhathini sokuqala sokukhulelwa. Kwezinye izinkomo, ubukhulu bayo bufinyelela ku-3% wesisindo somzimba esiphelele.
Ubuningi bawo buthonywa yiwo wonke ama-receptors, kanye nomsebenzi wesimiso sokugaya inyama. Ubisi lubumbwe emathisini alveolar, ahlanganisa amangqamuzana athile. Lezi zinhlayiya zikhula ngokushesha kusukela ngosuku lokuqhafaza kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezingu-4-5 zokulahlwa. Emva kwalokhu, le nqubo iyanqamuka futhi iyancipha kancane kancane, njengoba i-deadwood iyasondela, ithathelwa inqubo eyonakalisayo - ukubhujiswa kwe-alveoli ngamasosha omzimba. 
Umphumela wesikhumba esikhunjeni sobunzima kanye nezinsipho kubangela izinqubo ezine:
- ukulungiswa kwesifuba;
- ubisi;
- ukwedlula ukwanda;
- ukungenisa izinto ezibalulekile ezivela egazini.
Funda ukuthi ubamba kanjani inkomo nokuthi uhlobo olunjani lwesakhiwo selenkomo yenkomo.
Izigaba zezinkomo
Isikhathi sonke sokulahla sihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezilandelayo:
- i-colostrum - cishe izinsuku ezingu-7;
- ubisi oluvamile - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-290;
- ubisi obudala - kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-10.
Ubisi obunjalo bunobuningi obuphezulu - kufika ku-40 ° A, futhi ubuhle bayo bufinyelela ku-50 ° T. Ihluke kakhulu ukunambitheka ebisi oluvamile, futhi kungcono abantu ukuba bangayisebenzisi. Esikhathini esilandelayo, inkomo inikeza evamile futhi iyajwayele kuwo wonke ubisi. Phakathi nesigaba sokugcina, ubisi buba nzima, kwandisa okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni namaminerali, kodwa kunciphisa kakhulu izinga le-lactose ne-acidity (kufika ku-5 ° T).I-lactation ye-Peak kufanele ifinyelelwe emavikini ayisithupha kuya ku-8 emva kokolisa futhi uhlale isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokwesilinganiso, ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-100 zokukhishwa kwenkomo inkomo inikeza u-45% ubisi, ezinsukwini ezingu-100 ezilandelayo - 35%, nakuyo yonke inkathi - kuze kube ngu-25%. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu esikhathini sokuqala ukudala izimo ezihle kakhulu zokuhlala nokudla ukuze kulondolozwe ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwesilwane.
Kubalulekile! Ukubambisana - umthwalo omkhulu emzimbeni wenkomo. Kanye nama-100 amalitha obisi, ama-3-5 kg amafutha, ama-3-4 kg amaprotheni futhi akhululwe ku-8 kg we-lactose. Ukulahleka okubonakalayo kwamavithamini, calcium, phosphorus nezinye izamaminerali nazo zenzeka.
Indlela yokondla izinkomo ngezigaba zokwabiwa kwezilwane
Emasontweni amabili okuqala emva kokuqhafaza - isigaba esisha - isilwane sidinga ukubuyisela ukudla emva kwesikhathi esomile. Lezi zinsuku, isisekelo salo kufanele sibe yi-hay ephakeme kakhulu enyuka kancane kancane esabelweni sezinhlamvu kanye nezilimo ezimpande. Silage inganikezwa kuphela kusukela ngosuku lwesihlanu emva kokuzalwa.
Okulandelayo isigaba - ungathinteki - iqhubeka kuze kube yinyanga yesine ye-lactation futhi idinga ukudla okunomsoco okwenza ngcono ukukhiqizwa. Njengoba ukudla okunamafutha nokudla okunomsoco kunomsoco ophansi, ubisi oluphezulu lunikeza okuqukethwe kwawo kwisilinganiso selinciphisa sibe yi-15-18% futhi ngaphezu kwalokho kufakwe ama-molasses, beet namazambane ukugcwalisa inani elidingekayo likashukela nesitashi. 
Mid-lactation - izinyanga ezingu-5-8 - izinga lokudla kwansuku zonke lifinyelela inani eliphakeme futhi kancane kancane liyancipha. Ukulungiswa kokudla kwezilwane kwenzeka ngokusho kwemiphumela yokulawulwa kokubamba. Kusukela kule nkathi, utshani kufanele lube nesisekelo sokudla. Isigaba sokubuyisela elibhekiswe ekunciphiseni ubisi ukukhiqiza futhi, ngokunjalo, ukwehla kwindleko yokudla, izinkomo zilungele izinkuni ezifile. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi kubalulekile ukuthi ungadli izilwane ukuze ugweme ukukhuluphala.
Uyazi? Inkabi kakhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - iNtaba i-Katahdin, i-Holstein-Durham hybrid - yayihlala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ngasekupheleni kokuphila kwayo isisindo sayo sifike ku-2,270 kg. Ngokusho kweGuinness Book of Records, ukuphakama kwenkomo yezinkomo kwakungu-1.88 m, kanti ubukhulu bebhande buyi-3.96 m.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlonipha ukulandelana kwezidingo zohlobo ngalunye lwesondlo. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukunikeza izimpande izitshalo ngesikhathi esisodwa nge-silo, futhi uthele izingxube kanye nokusanhlamvu ngenkathi ukugaya. U-Hay, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungabekwa kulabo abaphakelayo abahlukene ezindaweni zokuhamba, noma banikezwe ekugcineni. Ukuze ulungise inani lemithamo ekudleni kusebenza ama-premixes ahlukahlukene. Bakhethwa ngabanye kuye ngokuthi ukwakhiwa kokuphakelayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokudla zixhomeke kokuqukethwe kwemfuyo. Endabeni yokukhululeka kwamahhala, inkoma ilawula ukudla kwayo yedwa, futhi lapho ukuxubha, ukudla okugxilwe ngokugcwele kanye ne-premixes sekuvele kunikeziwe. Uma kugcinwe esitolo, kubalulekile ukulawula ngokuzimela imvamisa yokudla kanye nomyalelo wokusabalalisa kokudla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ipulazi ngalinye libeka isimiso salo kuye ngezimo ezikhona. 
Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kanye nobude bokudonswa kwe-lactation kuxhomeke ekudleni, izimo zokuboshwa kanye nesimo sempilo yezilwane. Ngisho nezincane, ekuboneni kuqala, ukwehluka kungabangela ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa ubisi. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele futhi uqaphelisise umhlambi, bese izinkomo zizokuthokozisa kakhulu ngobisi olusha, olusha.
