Ukunambitheka okuhle kwezithelo ezinkulu - i-oryol eliphakathi kwehlobo

Ingxenye enkulu yazo zonke izitshalo ezidayiswayo ziba nezitshalo ngezikhathi zokuvuthwa zasehlobo.

Enye yalezi ikhasi eliphakathi kwe-Orel - Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, izithombe zezithelo nokubuyekezwa okuqhubekayo kulesi sihloko.

Ngokuvamile, leli peyari, ngokuqaphela ngokucophelela, lihlukile. izivuno ezivusa amadlingozi njalo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezihlukahlukene zidumile ikhwalithi ephezulu yezohwebo kanye nokunambitheka okukhulu kakhulu.

Futhi konke lokhu kwahlehlisa kahle ezimweni zaseRussia ephakathi, hhayi "okungenisa izihambi" izitshalo ezithisa ukushisa.

Uhlobo luni?

I-Pear Orel ihlobo liyi-triploid yakudala ezihlukahlukene nokuvuthwa kwasekuqaleni kwehlobo.

I-triploidy iphakamisa ukuthi lesi siko sinezakhi zofuzo ezinezinhlobo ezintathu ze-chromosome.

Le mfanelo ibaluleke kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezihlahla zezithelo, ngoba amasiko ahamba ngezinyawo, njengombuso, abonakala ngokuvunwa okwandisiwe, ukwanda kwesithelo nesithelo esimelene nezifo zefungal.

Ngokusho kwabesosayensi abaningi, ukuhamba ngezinyanga zokukhiqiza izimboni ze-pear kuyindlela engcono kakhulu.

I-Oryol izithelo zokuvuthwa ehlobo - kuye ngokuthi indawo ikhulile - okwesibili noma eminyakeni eyishumi kaJulayi (ezweni lakubo - isifunda se-Oryol - le nhlobo ivame ukunikeza ukuvuthwa okukhishwa ekupheleni kukaJulayi).

Njengesilimo esivamile, leli peyari linalo isikhathi esincane esifushane. Isikhathi kusukela ngesikhathi sokususwa kwesithelo esivela emagatsheni kuze kube sesikhathini sokusetshenziswa kwayo ngokubhala okusha, lapho ipeyari ingashintshi izakhiwo zayo zobuchwepheshe futhi zithande ukunambitheka. kungabi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10.

Izinga eliphansi lokugcina izinga lezithelo ze "Orel Summer" ochwepheshe abaningi bahlola ukwehluleka okubalulekile. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwezinhlobo zehlobo zakuqala zamahlobo wepeyari eziswe namuhla Central Russia, elihlukahlukene eliphakathi kwe-oryol ihlobo libhekwa iningi elikhulu-fruitedokuyinto ngokuqinisekile eyenza ethandwa kakhulu nabalimi.

Futhi izinhlobo zamahlobo ezihlobo zasehlobo zihlanganisa: Severyanka, Duchess, Tonkovetka, Lel naseMoscow Ekuqaleni.

Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa

Unyaka wezinhlobo zokubeletha "ihlobo le-Orel" kwakungu-1977, futhi indawo yokuzalwa iyona isikhungo sezesayensi esidala kakhulu sezolimo zasendle, I-Russian-All Research Institute ye-Fruit Crops Selection (VNIISPK), elitholakala esifundeni se-Oryol.

Iqembu lonke lososayensi eliholwa elinye lamaphayona emkhakheni wezithelo nezithelo zokubeletha, udokotela wezolimo zezolimo, wasebenza ekwakheni intsha ethembisayo. Yevgeny Sedov.

Ukuze uthole izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, ezifanele izimo zezulu eziyinkimbinkimbi zaseRussia ephakathi, ngokusho kwemingcele eminingana, abacwaningi bawela izinhlobo ezimbili zepere: "I-Bergamot Novik" ne "Intandokazi Klapp".

Ngenxa yalokho, i-pear yadalwa, lapho okuhamba khona khona kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo ze-European pear.

Ngokushesha, "ihlobo lase-Orel" langena kwirejista yombuso wezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ngaphesheya kwesifunda se-Central Black Earth.

Ekuqaleni, yayisakazeka kabanzi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezincane futhi ezindaweni ezizimele.

Nokho, maduzane, ukuthandwa kwayo kuye kwanda ngokushesha phakathi kwabalimi, abalimi abaye babona izinzuzo ekukhuleni lokhu okuhlukahluka kwizinga lezimboni.

Kulezi zifunda, Gera, Inkumbulo Yakovlev, Bere Russkaya, Lada no Rossoshanskaya Dessert, benza kahle.

Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Orel ehlobo

Pear Orlovskaya izinhlobo zasehlobo ezivezwa yizici ezilandelayo kanye nesakhiwo, bese kuchazwa izici zangaphandle nezithombe:

Isihlahla

Njengomthetho, lesi sitshalo sikhona kakhulungenhla isilinganiso sobude. Amagxolo phezu kwesiqu saso ashelelekile kumathinta, ane-tint ebomvu noma e-grey-greenish.

Krone, amagatsha. Umuthi omude unele umqhele omningi ngendlela yemipiramidi evamile.

I-top isakhiwe ngezinga eliphakathi kwamagatsha asontekile, atholakale engavamile (ukuphakama okuvamile komqhele).

I-angle ephakeme (cishe ngo-45 °) ngokuvamile ifaka phakathi kwamagatsha aqondiswe phezulu ekupheleni kwawo. Amagatsha ahlanganiswe nekhanda elimnyama elimnyama.

Amahlumela. Amahlumela aqinile wokumiswa okuqondile anesigaba esinqunyiwe. I-Pubescence kumahlumela engekho.

Umbala walezi zakhiwo unombala omnyama noma okhanyayo. Ezinkulu, ezibushelelezi, amaqabunga ama-brown emahlumela asesimweni esicindezelweyo. Ukuhluma okuphakathi kwe-pearl kwenzeka ku-kolchatkah - kokubili okulula futhi okunzima.

Amahlamvu. Ihluke ngokuyinhloko ubukhulu obukhulu kanye nesigxobo (oval). Iziqongo zeLeaf zifushane futhi zikhomba.

Ishidi elijwayelekile le "Orel Summer" linebushelelezi, elinombala ocacile, umbala wombala ohlaza okombala noma obomvu, kanye nesibindi esincane (ukubonakala kwemithanjeni ebusweni).

Ukunakekelwa kuqondiswe ku-concavity ye-plate. Emaphethelweni amaqabunga ashelelekile, ama-clove amancane abonakala emaphethelweni. Amahlamvu agcinwa emahlathini amancane aphansi.

I-Inflorescences. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ezivela efihlekile ezinkulu ngesibonakaliso esibonakalayo. Izimbali zitholakala, njengomthetho, ezinkulu, ezinezimpaphe ezimhlophe zesimo esizungezile, zihlanganisa kancane.

Izithelo

Amapheya ahlanzekile kulezi ezihlukahlukene ajwayelekile usayizi omkhulu.

Isisindo sabo esilinganisweni siyi cishe i-210 g, kodwa izithelo zesisindo esikhulu nakakhulu ziqoshiwe ngezikhathi ezithile (isisindo esikhulu samapheya "ihlobo lase-Orel" - 270 g).

Ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala zasehlobo ezitshalwa emapulazini aseRussia ephakathi, lokhu kuyisithelo esikhulu sePear.

Ezinye izinzuzo zangaphandle zethamo zengezwa kwisisindo sokurekhoda - ifomu labo "elivamile" eliphakathi kwamehlo kanye nesimo esisodwa.

Umbala wesisekelo wepey esiteji sokuvuthwa okukhishwayo kuyinto eluhlaza, ngesikhathi sokukhula komthengi ithola umthunzi ophuzi obomvu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, engxenyeni ethize yezithelo, kuvele kubonakala sengathi i-orange-colorful blush ebonakalayo, eyakhiwa ngamachashazi amaningi okuhlanganisa.

Ngaphezu kombala omnandi, i-matte isikhumba sibhekene nokubushelela, ukuma nokuqina okwanele. Esikhunjini kunamaphuzu amancane amancane angaphansi kwesigcawu. Inyama imhlophe imhlophe, i-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebonakalayo iyabonakala kuphela eduze kwesikhumba.

Inyama iyindida ngokwanele, enobolweni obuhle kanye nokuqhakaza amafutha, ukuvumelana, kanye nokwanda kwe-juiciness. Ngaphakathi kwe-pulp kukhona ezinkulu, imbewu enombala obomvu. Ukukhangiswa kwangaphandle kochwepheshe kulinganiselwa kumaphuzu angu-4.6 (ngezinga elingama-5).

Isithombe

Izici

Isihlonipho "i-Orlovskaya ehlobo" ayinqunyelwe kwimingcele yangaphandle ekhangayo.

Ngokuba ecacisiwe izithelo isiko izici ukumelana kahle kwama-frost nokuvunwa okuphezulu (Yiqiniso, ngokuqaliswa okucacile nesikhathi esifaneleko kwemithetho ye-agrotechnical yokukhulisa lesi sitshalo).

Mhlawumbe ukukhathazeka okuphawulekayo kuphela kwalolu hlobo lwe-skoroplodnoy ukuthi izithelo zalo kumele zishiswe esikhathini esifushane ngemuva kokususwa esihlahleni.

Izinga eliyisisekelo lobunzima bebusika selungulwe ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokubhaka ubusika endaweni yesifunda sase-Oryol.

Etshalwe kwenye, ehlukile e-Orlovschiny, ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo, izihlahla "ihlobo lase-Orel" ekuqaleni kokushisa kungase ziphathe ngendlela ehlukile.

Isihlahla ibekezelela ukwehla okuphawulekayo ekushiseni nasemoyeni omoyaokuyinto yendabuko for winters enkabeni Russia.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izingxenye ezifriziwe zomuthi, ngokusho kokubona, masinyane ubuyisele izimfanelo zabo zangempela.

Isivuno esiphezulu sezinhlobonhlobo siboniswa ngesikhathi sokuvuna izithelo ngezikhathi ezilinganiselwa ku-180-210. umkhiqizo omusha ovela ehektheleni elilodwa legadi. Ekuphakameni kokunambitheka nezakhiwo zezithelo ezivuthiwe - elimnandi futhi elimnandi kakhulu.

Ochwepheshe balinganisela isikhalazo sabo sokunambitha ngokuphezulu njengezinkomba zangaphandle - 4.6 amaphuzu esilinganisweni esilandelayo samaphuzu amahlanu.

Izinhlobonhlobo eziphakanyisiwe eziphakathi kwamapheya nazo zihlanganisa: uJanuwari, Chudesnitsa, Ubuhle be-Samara, iTargar Beauty no-Tyoma.

Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali wezithelo ezikhulile, okusetshenziselwayo kanye nokudala kunjengokulandelayo:

Izithelo ze-"Orel Summer" ezihlukahlukene ziwusizo kakhulu njengento eyigugu yokulungiselela imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokwelapha kokubili kwezokwelapha zendabuko nakwezokwelapha "ezisemthethweni".

Ikakhulukazi kubonakala kahle ekwelapheni i-bronchitis ehlukahlukene kanye nezifo eziphefumulayo zokuphefumula.

Lezi peyari babe nenhloso yonke.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi bayadliwa kakhulu kokubili futhi ngendlela yokwakha izinto ezihlukahlukene zokulungiselela ama-compotes ahlukahlukene, amakhemikhali, ama-jams, ama-marmalades, uju kanye nezinsimbi zokuphuza utshwala.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Ngaphansi kokutshala kwe-seedling yalezi ezihlukahlukene, bakhetha indawo ensimini, enhle futhi ekhanyiswa ilanga njalo, ingekho ngaphansi kwezingqikithi ezipholile nemimoya, futhi isendaweni ehloniphekile kusukela ekubunjweni kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba (akusekho ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili).

Naphezu kokuthi "i-Orel ihlobo" ngokujwayelekile hhayi ukufuna kakhulu izinga lomhlabathiKodwa-ke, kungcono uma inhlabathi endaweni yokutshala yayo ikhula (icebisiwe) futhi ihlolwe.

Ukutshala ukumba imbobo, ukujula okumele kulingane no-1 m, nobubanzi buka-70 cm. Emgodini wathululela amabhakede amabili amanzi bese uyishiya isonto nesigamu sludge.

Ngokushesha ngaphambi kokutshala, i-humus, noma i-ammonium nitrate (80 g), noma i-potassium sulphate (150 g), noma i-ash ash (800 g) ifakwa emthonjeni.

I-sapling ekutshalweni isethelwe ukuze izimpande zayo zingeneke ngokukhululekile emgodini.

Uhlelo lwempande lugcwele inhlabathi, lukhishwe ngokumba imbobo efanayo, exutshwe nomanyolo kanye nesihlabathi somfula.

Ngemva kokuba izimpande zigcwele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, intamo yentamo kufanele iqhume 6-7 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.

Uzungeze isiqu somuthi otshalwe 2-3 cm shaft zobumba nge-radius ka-40 cmyakha umbhoshongo wesiyingi somuthi. Ngaso leso sikhathi Thela amabhakede amabili wamanzi ahlukanisiwe.

Emva kwalokho, lo muthi uvame ukuphuziswa, ukhulule umhlabathi ozungeza isiqu futhi ngaphansi komqhele, ngezikhathi ezithile ucebile inhlabathi, unqume amagatsha omisiwe futhi agcwele, ukuhlinzeka ukuvikelwa ezinambuzane.

Izifo nezinambuzane

"Orel ihlobo" imelana kakhulu ne-//selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html nezinye izifonjengokugqwala noma ukushisa amabhaktheriya.

Ngokuqondene nokuvikelwa kwezitshalo kusuka kumagundane, okungalimaza amagxolo ebusika, ngenxa yalokhu I-trunk namagatsha aphansi kufanele ahlanganiswe ngendwangu ekhethekile ye-metallic noma ama-rags ama-coarse.

Uma umgadi wensimu ethatha indlela enesibopho kuzo zonke izigaba zokutshala nokunakekela isitshalo, emva kwesikhashana i-pear "izobonga" umnikazi wayo ngezithelo ezinhle kakhulu.