Izintshe zisezinyoni ezingezona ezindizayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo zinamaphiko anamandla amabili wamitha.
Kungani imvelo eye yabanqabela ithuba lokunyuka esibhakabhakeni futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe abazuze ngemilenze emihle nemisipha eqinile, asiqonde ndawonye.
Isizathu sokuba intshe ingaqhubeki: izizathu
Ezweni lezilwane, izintshe zasendle zihlukaniswa ngokusinda okunomusa. Ukuhlala emahlathini ase-Afrika, bahlale behlaselwa yizilwane ezilambile futhi babalekela kubo, ngenxa yokukwazi ukugijima ngokushesha. Ngehora, lezi zinyoni zingakwazi ukufinyelela ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-70, okungenakwenzeka kuzo zonke izilonda ezinezinzi ezine. Ukuqhathanisa, abagijimi be-sprint ngenkathi begijima imincintiswano banqoba amakhilomitha angu-30 ngehora.
Uyazi? Endaweni yabo yemvelo, izintshe zibheka amahyenzi nezimpungushe zibe izitha zabo ezimbi kakhulu, ezichitha izinyoni zezinyoni. Ama-chick kuphela ahlushwa yizingonyama, ama-tigers namanye amakati, njengoba engakwazi ukunqoba abadala.Futhi lapho ingozi ibamba isondelene, amaphiko anamandla angena ekusizeni. Nakuba bengakwazi ukuphakamisa ama-feathered up, kodwa vumela, ngaphandle kokunciphisa isivinini, ukuba benze ushintsho olubukhali. Ngemuva kokuhamba okunjalo kwesilwane esidliwa yisidumbu esiphelelwe amandla, kuyodingeka isikhathi sokuvuselelwa.
Sekuyisikhathi eside, izazi zezilwane ziye zazama ukuxazulula imfihlakalo yenkinga yamaphiko amakhulu. Futhi namuhla banencazelo yokuthi kungani izintshe azikwazi ukuhamba. Cabanga ngezizathu eziyinhloko.Isakhiwo sesifuba se-Chest
Isici sokuqala, esingafaki ukuhamba kwezindiza zalezi zinyoni ezinkulu, isakhiwo somzimba samaseli abo esifubeni. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni, ukungabi khona kwendawo ethile ebizwa nge-keel kuyacaca. Ukufunda izinambuzane zezinyoni, izitshalo ze-botanist zaphawula indiza yebele lesifuba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imisipha ye-pectoral ayinayo into yokuqinisa.
Uyazi? Imilenze yezinkuni iyisikhali sokubulala. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukushaya kwesifo sehhashi kulinganiselwa ku-20 kg ngecentimitha ngayinye, futhi i-punch yenyoni ― ngo-30 kg! Ibutho elinjalo ligoba kalula ibha yensimbi eyi-1.5 cm ubukhulu futhi ihlasele amathambo abantu.I-keel ayikho nje ngezinyoni ezindizayo. Ukutholakala kwalo kwakutholakala nakwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ezinemisipha, ezakhelwe phambili. Izibonelo zabameleli bezilwane ziyi-moles, futhi ayifuni.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ezinyoni nasezindizeni ezindizayo le ngxenye yomzimba ibonakala ngesakhiwo esikhethekile. Ama-botanists ahlukanisa ngisho iqembu elihlukile okuthiwa "keel", lapho abantu abanokuphuma kwe-thoracic ehlelwe khona.Uyazi? Izintshe azikho amazinyo. Ukugaya nokugaya ukudla, lezi zinyoni zigwinya yonke into ehamba ngayo: izingcezu zokhuni, amatshe amancane, izipikili, izingcezu zeplastiki, izingxenye zensimbi.
Isici se-functional esisezintweni ze-thoracic bone:
- ukuqinisa i-sternum;
- ukuvikelwa kwezitho ezibalulekile;
- ukutholakala kwezinhlelo ze-muscular ezihilelekile ekuhambeni kwezingaphambili noma amaphiko;
- ukuhamba kwesiguli se-thoracic, esithinta ukujula nokuvama kokuphefumula;
- ikhono lokushintsha i-trajectory ngesikhathi sezindiza.
I-musculature engathuthuki
Isizathu sesibili ukuthi kungani ama-ostriches anqatshelwe ikhono lokukhuphuka esibhakabhakeni lilandela izici zomzimba zesifuba sabo. Njengoba kungekho ukukhula kwethambo ku-fastener okubandakanyeka kakhulu ekuhambeni kwemisipha, izintambo ezithambile zamanje zibuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezingqinamba zesakhiwo, abakwazi ukuthuthukisa. Futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indiza kanye namaphiko amahle angakwazi ukuqina, imisipha eqinile ehlangene ne-keel.
Kubalulekile! Umlimi ophethe izintshe kufanele ahlale ephapheme. Ngempela, amawadi aminyene, nakuba ekhumbula abasindile kahle, kodwa ashukunyiswa kakhulu ngokunyakaza okungazelelwe. Yingakho abakhiqizi abaningi bezama ukuzivikela ekuhlukunyezweni okungenakubalwa kwezinyoni ngamabheyymen amancane, ahlanganiswe wona. Into esemqoka ukuthi ukuphakama kwalesi sakhiwo kudlula ukuphakama kwezinyoni. Khona-ke, eqondiswa isimiso esithi "ngubani omude, okubaluleke nakakhulu," isilwane sizohlonipha ngenhlonipho ngisho nasesandleni esiphakamisiwe somnikazi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, phezu kwamaphiko angenasipuli, amaphuphu abonakala ngesakhiwo sokuqala. Izimpaphe zale nyoni, kufaka phakathi ama-flyingwheels kanye nabahlomile, zihluke ekuphepheni futhi ziphelile. Zifana ne-fluff. Ama-botanists achaza lokhu kuqubuzana ngokuntuleka kokuxhumana phakathi kwezintshevu, okuyisivimbelo ekwakheni amapuleti aminyene-webs. 
Njengoba izintshe azikho i-keel, futhi kanye nalo ukuvikelwa kwezitho zangaphakathi ezisengozini, uhlobo lommbila oluqinisiwe luye lwavela ebusweni be-sternum. Yenza umsebenzi wokusekela lapho inyoni ilele phansi.
Kunzima kakhulu
Isici sesithathu esithinta ukungenakwenzeka kwezinyoni ezindizayo kuyinzima. Endaweni, abesifazane abavuthiwe abanamamitha angu-2.7 ubukhulu bungaba ngu-100 kg, nabesilisa abondliwe kahle - ngaphakathi kuka 135-150 kg. Izisindo zifaka imilenze enezinsizi ezinamaphiko nezinsikazi ezimbili. Ahluke kwabanye abantu abanamaphiko hhayi nje ngobukhulu bawo obukhulu, ubude, kodwa futhi ngesakhiwo sabo sangaphakathi.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhlukanisa insikazi emadodeni, bheka nje inqwaba yenyoni. Ku "amantombazane" emzimbeni kunombala obomvu, futhi emsila namaphiko - amhlophe angcolile. "Abafana" babonakala beqhamuka futhi baboniswa umbala omnyama nge-white edging edging ngamaphiko nomsila.
Ososayensi bathole ukuthi amathambo amathumba abamele izindiza ezindizayo alula kakhulu, futhi ukubunjwa kwawo kugcwele uketshezi ketshezi. Izintshe zihlukile. Amathanga abo amathambo ayenawo wonke ama-air cavities, ngaphandle kweziqhwa. 
Ngenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwamaphiko, umthwalo ohlangothini olusenyakatho wanda. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphela kwamathambo e-pubic kwakhula ndawonye futhi kwakha isifuba esivaliwe, okuyinto engavamile izinyoni ezindizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenye iminwe yezinkuni kukhona "inselo" encane esebenza njengesekelo. Amathambo amakhulu aqala ukukhula nokuthuthukisa.
Thola ukuthi ijubane likhula kangakanani uma ligijima, noma ngabe ama-ostrifi afihla amakhanda awo esihlabathini, ukuthi isifuba sihlala kanjani, kaningi kangakanani izintshe ezithwala amaqanda.
Ingabe izintshe zihamba ngaphambi: inyoni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Okuncane okuyaziwa ngemvelaphi yezinyoni ezinkulu ezindizayo. I-systematic ornithologists yanamuhla kanye nabaziphendukela kwemvelo baxhuma izinguqulo ezimbili ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zokubukeka kwazo. Ngokusho kokuqala, zonke izilwane ezinjengezinkumbi zivela phakathi kweCenozoic, zithuthuka emazwenikazi ahlukene, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okhokho babo. Futhi abalandeli be-theory yesibili bathi izinyoni zalolu chungechunge zinekhokho oyedwa, okwakungekho kanye nama-dinosaurs ngesikhathi seMesozoic. Ucwaningo lwe-Genetic lubuye luqinisekise le mbono.
Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lo ukhokho wasendulo wezinhlobo zonke zezinyoni yizinyoni eziphelile manje (iLithornithiformes), ezahlala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-55 edlule. Ukuhlala kwakhe okuthungayo kwatholakala eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ngenxa yalokho, izimbungu ekuqaleni zazikwazi ukuhamba. Ngale ndlela basakazeka kuzo zonke amazwekazi emhlabeni wonke. 
Impaphe enkulukazi yayidinga ukugijima okukhulu kokukhipha. Yingakho-ke, ngokusho kwabakholelwa ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo, indawo yezinyoni zasendulo ezinjengezinkuni iyancipha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bebengakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha futhi bahambe ngokushesha, ngenxa yalokho baba yinto elula yokudla izidumbu. Ngakho-ke, izinsimbi ezinkulu ezinamaphiko kwakudingeka zifune izindlela zokonga ezingabizi.
Njengoba kwenzeka, indiza, uma kunesidingo, ukusinda kuhlengwe kaningi kunezindiza. Isizukulwane esisha sezinkukhu sanikezwa kuphela ngalabo abenqaba amaphiko.
Ngendlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, imilenze emikhulu yemisipha yaqala ukukhula ezinyoni ezinkulu, futhi amaphiko ayeka ukufeza injongo yawo yasekuqaleni. Lesi sici sezakhi zofuzo sasihlelwe ngosana lomunye ngamunye. Ngenxa yalokho, izitho zangaphambili zezintshe zanamuhla zenziwe kahle. Zibonakala ngeminwe emibili enezinhlayiya emaphethelweni kanye nemifino emihle.
Kubalulekile! Ekuthunjweni, izimboni zinikeza izinkomba ezinhle zokukhiqiza, ngokuhambisana nokuqukethwe kwawo wonke ngonyaka esimweni sezulu esifanayo.Manje uyazi zonke izici ezikhawulela ikhono lezindiza zezinyoni. Kodwa naphezu kwalesi sici, izinyoni azizange zikhangele kancane ekuzaleni. Phela, ukulima kwezinkumbi emakhulwini eminyaka kuhlala kusezingeni lemisebenzi enenzuzo.
