Amazambane - enye yemifino evame kakhulu. Namuhla kunenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zalo, futhi wonke umuntu angakhetha umkhiqizo ukunambitheka kwakho.
Esihlokweni sethu sizoxoxa ngezinhlobonhlobo "Sineglazka", ethandwa kakhulu futhi unomdlavuza omnandi.
Umlando wokuzala
"I-Sineglazka" iyinhlobonhlobo ye-hybrid, eyayiqothulwa ngenxa yokuwela kwezinhlobo eziningana ezihlwanyelwe ngendle. Yadalwa ngumzalisi S. Demin ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940. "I-Sineglazka" inenombolo engu-15555 kuhlu lwezinhlobonhlobo ze-Institute of Starch Products.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle minyaka yonke, akufanele utshale kuphela lezo zilimo eziyizigaxa ezazakhula wena - njalo eminyakeni engu-2-3 ezihlukahlukene kufanele zibuyekezwe ngokugcwele.Izivivinyo ze-hybrid zenziwa eziteshini ezihlukahlukene, lapho zathola amanothi aphezulu avela ochwepheshe.
Incazelo ye-Botanical yezilimo eziyizigaxa
Amazambane "I-Sineglazka" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezinkathi zonyaka, izilimo eziyizigaxa zinezinhlamvu ezinemibala futhi zinezinsomi. Imifino ihluke ngesimo se-oval-oblong, isikhumba esithambile. I-inyama enqunyiwe imhlophe imbala, okuqukethwe komswakama kufinyelele ku-15.5%. Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo se-tuber eyodwa singama-150-200 g.
I-hybrid ine-ukunambitheka okukhulu, ingapheka, ibhakwa, ihlambuluke. Inyama ine-crumbly, isakhiwo esibucayi nesinambitheka esicebile.
Izinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa yisikhathi eside esikhulayo, nokwakhiwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kunesimo esifanele nesayizi ofanayo.
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Uhlobo ngalunye lwamazambane lunezici zalo ezihlukile ezikuvumela ukuba ukhethe imifino yokukhula ezimweni ezithile, kanye nesisekelo sokunambitheka kwayo. 
Izifo zokuphikisa
Ngokungafani nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, "i-Sineglazka" inokuphikisana nezifo ezinjalo:
- umdlavuza wezambane;
- isikhala;
- i-nematode;
- ukutheleleka ngegciwane;
- ukulimala kwesikhathi.
Precocity
"I-Sineglazka" ibonakaliswa yisikhathi eside eside, ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngoJulayi futhi kuqhubeka kuze kube seminyaka eyishumi edlule kaSepthemba. Isivuno sokuqala singavuna phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu 90-110 emva kokutshala. Isikhathi esilandelayo sincike ngesikhathi sokufika kwale ndawo nokuthi yiziphi isimo sezulu esasikhona.
Ukuze ulungise izitsha ezivela kumazambane, ungakumba phakathi kukaJulayi, kodwa uma uhlela ukugcina isikhathi eside semifino, ukumba kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kuka-Septhemba. 
Ukuthela
Inani lemvuno lixhomeke ekutheni okuhle okutshalwe yikuphi, yiziphi izimo zezulu ezazikhona, ngabe inhlabathi yayinomsoco ngokwanele. Kodwa-ke, ngokujwayelekile, ukuhlukahluka kungokwakheka okuphezulu-kuze kufike ku-500 kg yemifino kungaqoqwa kusuka ku-weave eyodwa.
Izifunda ezikhulayo
Ukulima ukuphumelela kwalokhu okuhlukahlukene kuphawulwe engxenyeni ephakathi kweRussia, Ukraine, Belarus.
Imithetho yokufika
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isitshalo sigxile kahle futhi sinikeze isivuno esihle esikhathini esizayo, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Vumelana ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthola isitshalo esikhulu, kufanele utshale amazambane. Seluleka ukuba ucabangele uma kungcono ukutshala amazambane emhlabathini ovulekile nokuthi ungatshala kanjani amazambane ngaphambi kobusika.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Ngokufanelekile, i-Sineglazki kufanele ifike phakathi no-May, kodwa ngenxa yezimo zezulu lesi sikhathi singashintsha kancane. Abasimili bevame ukuqondiswa amaqabunga e-birch - ngokushesha ngemva kokuqhakaza kwabo, ungaqala ukutshala. 
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngesikhathi sokutshala umhlabathi ufudumala kahle - ekujuleni kwe-10 cm ukushisa kwawo kufanele kube ngu-6-8 ° C. Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi, ukukhula kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kuyoba kancane. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izitshalo ezijwayelekile, izinga lokushisa lokushisa lomoya lansuku zonke akufanele libe ngezansi + 10 ° C.
Ukukhetha indawo
Ukufika kwe "Sineglazki" ukukhetha isayithi ngokukhanyisa okuhle, okuyinto enkulu emini kuyoba yimisebe yelanga. Uma utshala isitshalo phakathi kwezihlahla, kuzoholela ekutheni amahlumela ayoba buthakathaka futhi agxilwe, futhi ekugcineni ngeke anike isivuno esihle.
Uyazi? Amazambane - izitshalo ezinobuthi. Njengoba udle amazambane angama-1-2 kuphela, ungathola u-poisoning solanine.Futhi kuyadingeka ukushiya insimu ngokuseduze kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba - ngenxa yesikhukhula, umoya omncane uzothambela ohlelweni lwempande futhi isihlahla sizofa. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isayithi ivikelwe emimoya eqinile.
Inhlabathi okutshalwe kuyo ihlelwe, kufanele ibe lula, ivulekile futhi ikhule, ibe ne-asidi engathathi hlangothi. Kuhle ukukhula okukhanyayo. Ihlinzeka ngokugcwele uhlelo lwempande ngomoya nomswakama. Amazambane angabuye atshalwe emhlabathini onesihlabathi, kodwa kulokhu, ngesikhathi sokulungiselela umhlabathi, kufanelekile ukwengeze izakhi kuwo, bese uphuza njalo.Abanduleli abalungile nababi
Ukuvimbela izifo ezihlukahlukene zamazambane nokwandisa umkhiqizo wabo, kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho yokuhambisana nemifino. Okufanele ukutshala "i-Sineglazki" izindawo ezifanele lapho zikhule khona ngaphambilini:
- imifino yezimpande;
- iklabishi;
- i-legumes;
- ithanga;
- ukhukhamba.
Uma kuhlelo lokuhlelwa lokutshala utamatisi okhulile ngaphambili, i-pepper noma ama-eggplant, kunconywa ukuba ukhethe enye indawo amazambane. Akudingekile ukubeka lezi zimifino kanye namazambane. Ngenxa yokuhlala kwabo emndenini ofanayo, kukhona ukuqoqwa kwezifo nezinambuzane ezisebenzayo ezidluliselwa kumakhelwane.Zijwayeze nazo zonke izinkohliso zamazambane ezikhulayo emasakeni, usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe beDutch kanye nobuncane.
Kungenzeka ukutshala imifino endaweni eyodwa emva kweminyaka engu-2-3. Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka njalo ukunamathela kulo mthetho. Kulokhu, sebenzisa ezinye izimfihlo ezifaka isandla ekuvuseleleni inhlabathi. Kule ndawo, ngokushesha emva kokuvuna amazambane, kufanelekile ukutshala okusanhlamvu, ama-oats angcono.
Igalelo ekunciphiseni amagciwane futhi livimbela inhlabathi. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, isiko sizobola, futhi lapho kufika entwasahlobo ingafakwa emhlabathini. 
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Ukulungiswa komhlaba kuhlanganisa ukumba, okwenziwa izikhathi ezimbili.
Esikhathini sekwindla, kufanelekile ukukhulula umhlaba wokutshala ukhula nokhula, usakaze umquba noma ama-humus ngesilinganiso sezingu-6 kg ngemitha ngayinye. Kubalulekile ukumba ngokujulile, ngesikhathi esifanayo ama-rhizomes of ukhula akhishwa emhlabathini. Izitshalo ezinkulu zezwe akufanele ziphulwe uma kungenzeka.
Ngokujwayelekile, izingqimba ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi zinikeza indawo yokukhosela enhle izinambuzane ezihlala kuyo ebusika. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa okuphansi, zizofa ngokushesha, futhi imimoya eqinile nemvula izongenelela ekuqhekekeni kwezibani ezinkulu.
Kubalulekile! Lapho kuvuna, kubalulekile ukususa zonke izilimo eziyizigaxa emhlabathini, njengoba amazambane asele emhlabathini azobola futhi adonse izinambuzane.Entwasahlobo, ukumba ukuqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Akudingekile ukumba ngokujulile, kuyokwanela ukujula ifosholo ngo-15 cm. Kodwa entwasahlobo kufanelekile ukuwaphula ngokucophelela zonke izinhlayiya zenhlabathi zibe yizinhlayiyana ezincane. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokwelashwa kwenhlabathi, kubalulekile ukuhlakaza okuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen emhlabathini womanyolo, kanye nezinkimbinkimbi. Ukujwayelekile kubheka ukubhekwa.
Ngezinye izikhathi abalimi bakhetha ukwenza izinto eziwusizo emgodini noma emgodini lapho behla. Uma unquma ukusebenzisa le ndlela - faka ngokucophelela umanyolo ngomhlabathi, bese ubeka phansi izilimo eziyizigaxa kuphela.Ukulungiselela kokutshala izinto
Ukuze uthole isivuno esihle, kufanele usebenzise izilimo eziyizigaxa eziphezulu kuphela zokutshala. Kufanele abe nobukhulu obuphakathi; akukho monakalo noma izimpawu zesifo ezivunyelwe.
Izindlela ezimbili zokuphuma ziyenziwa - ngaphandle nangaphambi kokulungiselela izilimo eziyizigaxa. Nokho, ngokuhluma izilimo eziyizigaxa, ungathola isivuno amasonto ambalwa ngaphambili. Ukuhluma kubandakanya izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- 3-4 amasonto ngaphambi kokufika okuhlosiwe, kubalulekile ukuhlunga izilimo eziyizigaxa bese wenqaba labo abonakalisiwe;
- phambi komhlaba omisiwe ezilimo eziyizigaxa, isusiwe. Ukwenza lokhu, baxubene emgodini wamanzi;
- Bese uhlanza izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zifakwe emabhokisini angajulile bese ushiywa ngaphansi kokukhanya okukhulu. Uma kungenzeka ukubeka amazambane ekamelweni phansi - ulibeke endaweni eyodwa;
- izinga lokushisa elihle lokuhluma - + 12-15 ° C;
- kanye ngezinsuku ezingu-7, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziguqulwa futhi zifafazwe kancane ngamanzi, igumbi kufanele libe nomoya wokuphuza umoya;
- Ukubopha ubude behlumela engaphansi kwe-1 cm kuthathwa njengokulungele ukutshala.
Ngaphambi kokutshala amazambane, kudingekile ukuba uyifinyelele ngosizo lomlotha, ulifake nge-sulfate ne-boric acid ngesilinganiso se-1 g ngalinye nge-10 l amanzi.Isu nokujula kokufika
Ama-shrub "I-Sineglazki" idinga ukukhanyisa okuhle, ngakho-ke uma usuka phansi kufanele ushiye ibanga elingama-60-70 cm emkhatsini wemigqa. I-glomeruli ngokwayo kufanele itshalwe njalo ngo-40 cm. Ukusebenzisa uhlelo olunjalo lokutshala luzoqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwe-rhizome.
Uyazi? Umuntu wokuqala eRussia owayenambitha amazambane kwakunguPeter I.Uma ukufika kuqhutshwa emhlabathini okhanyayo, ukujula komgodi kufanele kube ngu-10 cm. Ukuze ufeze irowu elibushelelezi, ukufika kuqhutshwa ngentambo. Uma kunobumba obuningi emhlabathini futhi bukhulu kakhulu, kubiza u-7-8 cm ukutshala amazambane.
Uma izindawo ezikhukhulayo zikhethwa ukutshala, imifudlana yamanzi kufanele yenziwe ngokungenakwenzeka ukuze amanzi angaphezu kwamanzi aphunyuke kalula.Cabanga zonke izici zokukhula kwamazambane ezifana neMeteor, Romano, Krasa, Black Prince, Riviera, Colombo kanye Nesibindi.
Indlela yokunakekela
Ukunakekela amazambane ukuchelela okufanele, ukukhulula nokugqoka. Cabangela indlela yokwenza le misebenzi.
Ukunisela
Ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu, kubalulekile ukulandela izincomo zokunisela isitshalo. Ngoba "i-Sineglazki" inhlabathi enomdabu enomhlabathi iyafaneleka. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukungabi nomswakama nokudlulela ngokweqile kuyothinta isitshalo.
Ngeshwa, isimo sezulu asinamathele - ngenkathi eyodwa kungase kube nokuchichima futhi kunamvula njalo, kanti kwezinye - isomiso siyabusa. Hlola ukuthi "i-Sineglazka" idinga nini ukugcoba, kungenzeka ukuthi izitshalo nomhlabathi ubheke kanjani. Uma inhlabathi ikhula kuze kufike ku-10 cm ngokujula, kanye nalapho isihlahla sishaywa khona, kunconywa ukwenza ukuchelela. 
Ngenkathi ngesilinganiso esiphezulu semvula, kubalulekile ukuphuza izitshalo cishe izikhathi ezintathu phakathi nonyaka okhulayo. Phakathi kokunisela kufanele kube ingxenye eyodwa nesigamu ukuya emavikini amabili. Ukunisela okuyisisekelo kwenziwa:
- emva kokuvela amahlumela;
- ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kweBhophu;
- emva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Okufanelekile, i-hose kufanele isetshenziswe, ekugcineni lapho kukhona isipirisi - ngale ndlela imibhede ngeke ihlanzwe. Ukuze ulondoloze amanzi, ungaphumelela ukuchelela. 
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma ngesikhathi sokulungiselela amazambane okwenziwa umquba okudingekayo, ukutshala izitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula akukwenziwa. Nokho, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi ekwakheni izilimo eziyizigaxa, zidinga i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium. Ngokuntuleka kwamaminerali, ikhwalithi yemifino iyanciphisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ekuqedeni ukondla okwengeziwe, ungafinyelela isivuno esingcono.
Kubalulekile! Ungadluli nge-irrigation kanye nomanyolo - ukwedlula ngokweqile kuzoholela eziqongweni ezizokhula ngokushesha, kanti nezilimo eziyizigaxa ziyoba zimbalwa.Isigaba sokuqala sokukhula "i-Sineglazki" idinga amaminerali, ngakho-ke uma ukumba entwasahlobo noma emthonjeni ukwenza umquba oqukethe i-nitrogen - kuzosiza ekwenzeni okuhle. Lezi zifaka i-nitroammofosku.
I-nitroammofosk njenge-nitrogen fertilizer Engxenyeni yesibili yenkathi ekhulayo, amazambane adinga ukudla okunomsoco. Umquba usetshenziselwa umanyolo, okusetshenziselwa ngokuvumelana nesilinganiso esilandelayo: 3-5 kg ngamamitha ayi-square ayishumi. Ukuphumelela ukusetshenziswa kwenkukhu yenkukhu. Kudingeka ukomile futhi ugaye ku-powder, wenze u-5 kg ngamamitha ayi-square ayi-10.Vumelanisa, ukusebenzisa kahle umanyolo wamazambane, ungayandisa ngezinye izikhathi. Funda ngalokho umanyolo afaneleka amazambane.
Wabuye wenza ukugqoka ngendlela yesisombululo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phucula umquba ngamanzi 1 kuya ku-5, umquba wezinkukhu - 1 kuya ku-15. Umanyolo we-organic usetshenziswa kuphela emva kokugcoba noma ngaphambi kokugquma.
Weeding futhi ukhululeke inhlabathi
Emva kokuphuza ngamunye kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi. Lo mcimbi uhlose ukubhujiswa kwe-crust eyenziwe, okuvimbela ukushintshaniswa kwegesi ohlelweni lwempande.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukubhubhisa njalo ukhula olukhula phakathi kwemigqa kanye nezihlahla. Ukucubungula inhlabathi emkhatsini wemigqa kumele kume lapho kuqala izitshalo zezimbali eziningi. Kodwa-ke, uma kuphakama njalo, ukukhululeka kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugeleza kwe-air kuya kwezilimo eziyizigaxa. 
Hilling
Hilling ingenye yezigaba eziyinhloko zokunakekela izitshalo. Kumele kwenziwe okungenani izikhathi ezimbili phakathi nonyaka okhulayo.
- Isikhathi sokuqala inqubo eyenziwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphakama kweziqongonga kufikela ku-15-20 cm. Ngomcimbi okwenziwe kahle, uzothola isikhukhula esizohlanganiswa nenhlabathi yesithathu - kuphela u-5 cm we-haulm uzobukeka.
- Isikhathi sesibili ukuqhuma ngaphambi kokuba amazambane aqale ukuqhakaza. Le nkathi iqala amasonto amathathu emva kokwelashwa kokuqala.
Kungase kube usizo kuwe ukuthola ukuthi nini lapho uqala ukufaka amazambane okokuqala, futhi uzijwayele ngemithetho yamazambane ama-spuding ne-walker.
Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya emini liphakeme kakhulu, umcimbi kufanele wenziwe kusihlwa. Okufanelekile, ukulimala kufanele kwenziwe emva kokuphuza noma imvula. 
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Akufanele uqale ukumba imifino uma kunetha kakhulu. Ukuqoqa, kungcono ukulinda kuze kube khona isimo sezulu esomile, futhi ngaphambi kokumba ukuthi kudingeke ukuhlwanyisa iziqongo zamasonto amabili, ushiye cishe u-10 cm ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukumisa ukuphuma kwezakhi kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuvuthwa.
Ukuze ungalimazi amazambane uma umba, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise amafoloko, ngakho-ke izilimo eziyizigaxa ngeke zonakaliswe. Ngemuva kokuvuna, kubalulekile ukushiya isivuno ngaphandle kwamahora ambalwa ukuze amazambane angomile kahle. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele ihanjiswe ngaphansi kwegazi futhi yenza ukuhlunga. 
Simba amazambane ngosizo lwefoloko. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezinomonakalo ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa, futhi amazambane aphezulu afakwe emithonjeni futhi ashiye endaweni emnyama lapho izinga lokushisa kufanele ligcinwe khona ngo-15-18 ° С. Ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-1 i-peel izoba yinkimbinkimbi, ukunambitheka kwemifino kuzothuthuka.
Ngalesi sikhathi kufanelekile ukuhambisa amazambane endaweni yokugcina yokugcina. Ukushisa okujwayelekile egumbini kufanele kube ngu-+2 ° C, futhi umswakama kufanele ube ngo-85-90%.
Uyazi? Abaholi bezwe ekudleni amazambane bangamaBelarusian: unyaka owodwa ohlala ezweni udla 183 kg.Kubalulekile ukunikeza umoya omuhle ekamelweni. Ngesikhathi esifanele kufanelekile ukuhlunga izilimo eziyizigaxa, ukuqothula amahlumela kanye nokukhipha amazambane obolile.
Amazambane ama-fingeringAmandla nobuthakathaka
Hlunga "i-Sineglazka" inezinzuzo eziningi, okungukuthi:
- inezivuno ezinhle kakhulu;
- unambitheka kakhulu;
- ukumelana nezifo eziningi;
- kulula ukunakekela ukukhula.
- unabo lezhkost ompofu;
- lingahle lonakaliswe yi-wireworms;
- ngokushesha kunciphisa, kunzima ukuthola izinto zokutshala.
