Inkukhu ingenye yezinkukhu ezivame kakhulu ngoba okuqukethwe kwayo akulona kunzima kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, izimo okumelwe ziqinisekiswe izinkomo ezinamapulangwe, ikakhulukazi zixhomeke enjongweni yokukhulelwa izinkukhu - amaqanda, inyama noma ukukhiqizwa kwamasheya amancane. Ake sicabangele ukhetho lokugcina.
Iyini umhlambi womzali
Ngaphansi kwemfuyo yomzali maqondana nezinkukhu kufanele kuqondwe imfuyo enjalo yezinkukhu, equkethe ukutholakala nenani eliphakeme lamaqanda ahlotshisiwe aphezulu anganikeza inzalo enempilo futhi enamandla.
Uyazi? Ukuze uphathe amaqanda, inkukhu ayidingi iqhude. Lezi amaqanda zikhulu kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kokudla, kodwa izinkukhu ngeke zihlukane nazo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zichitha kangakanani. Kungenakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa iqanda lapho umbungu ovela khona "ongenalutho" ngeso elimele. Kuze kube manje, kunezindlela ezimbili kuphela zokuxilonga: ukuskena amaqanda ngensimbi eqondisayo (okuthiwa i-ovoscopy), noma ukuvula amaqanda ngokukhetha, nokuhlola okubukwayo okuqukethwe.Eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziningana eziye zaphela kusukela ekuqalisweni kwezinkukhu, ngokuzama nokuphutha okungenakubalwa, abantu baye bazimisela kancane kancane izimo ezingcono kakhulu zokuthola inani elifanayo lamaqanda avela kwinani elifanayo lezinkukhu ezifanele ukufakelwa ukuqhuma.
Isilinganiso sezinkukhu nama-roosters
Kusobala ukuthi imiphumela yomnotho ngokuqondile ixhomeke ekuqalisweni okulungile komhlambi. Njengoba amaqanda athathwa kuphela yizinkukhu, inani lama-cockerels phakathi kwezinyoni kufanele lihambe kancane, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukungabi nobulili obuqinile kuzoholela ekwandeni kwenani lamaqanda "angenalutho".
Enye yezinzuzo zezinkukhu eziqhathaniswa nezinye izinyoni zezolimo ukuthi azizona zodwa, okungukuthi, azidalwa ngamabili. Lokhu, kusho ukuthi isilinganiso sama-roosters kanye nezinkukhu emhlambini singakhuphuka kakhulu ekuthandweni kwalokhu okulandelayo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze usebenze kahle ngokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda "okukhiqizayo," kunokwanele ukuba ne-rooster eyodwa ngezinkukhu eziyishumi (uma kuqhathaniswa, isilinganiso esiphakathi kwama-goose namadada singu-1: 4, kodwa i-turkey eyodwa ingasebenza kusuka kwabesifazane abangu-16 kuya ku-25).
Kumele futhi kuqondwe ukuthi ukwanda komhlambi, kuphakama amathuba okuthi "ukukhwehlela" kwesinye sezintambo ngeke kuthinte imiphumela yonke (ukubaluleka kwedooster eyodwa emndenini wamakhanda ayishumi nambili kunomkhulu kunabo bonke abesilisa abane abakhonza amashumi amane izendlalelo).
Kodwa-ke, empini enkulu kakhulu yezinkukhu zezinkukhu zenzeka njalo, futhi amathuba okusabalala kwezifo ezehlukene nawo ayanda. Ngakho-ke, ngisho nasemapulazini amakhulu, kunconywa ukuthi zonke izinkukhu ezikhona zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu abantu abangu-33-44 nokuthi "imindeni" enjalo kufanele igcinwe ehlukile komunye nomunye.
Okuqukethwe
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe amaphesenti aphezulu ezinkukhu ezinempilo, ngaphezu kokwakheka okusemandleni komhlambi womzali, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimo zezindlu zifanelekile.
Ngokuyinhloko, imfuyo yemfuyo idinga ukudla okuhlanzekile nokulinganisela, kodwa futhi akumelwe sikhohlwe ngokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuzivikela ezihloselwe ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo.
Funda indlela yokufeza izinkukhu ekhaya, yiziphi izizathu okufanele zikhethwe izinkukhu ukuqhubeka nomncintiswano.
Ukucubungula amakamelo
Ngokuvamile, izinyoni ziyagula ngenxa yokungavumelani nomnikazi wezidingo eziyisisekelo zokuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka.
Ukuhlanza indlu kuyoba lula uma ukhathazeka kusengaphambili mayelana nokulandela imithetho embalwa elula:
- isembozo somhlabathi esenziwe nge-non-slip, ephephile (okungesona sobuthi) nempahla efudumele (isibonelo, amabhodi e-linoleum noma olimi-no-groove) kwenza kube lula ukungasebenzisi imfucuza eyengeziwe, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanza phansi, kodwa futhi kusindisa imali ekuthengeni ufulawa, utshani, i-sawdust nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo;
- izindonga ezisendlini zingcono kakhulu ukuphathwa ngaphambili nge-lime, kuyoba usizo oluhle kakhulu lokuvimbela izifungane nezinye izifo;
- izidleke kanye nama-perches kufanele zihlonywe ngendlela yokuthi zihanjiswe kalula (ziphakanyiswe kuma-slats aguquguqukayo) ngesikhathi sokuvuna;
Funda ukuthi ungakha kanjani inkukhu yasebusika nephathekayo, ukulungiselela izidleke, ama-perches, abaphakeli, abaphuza, ukuphuza umoya, ukushisa kuwo.
- Ngaphandle kwalokhu kufanele kube khona ukuphakela okuphakelayo phansi endlini, abafaki kufanele bahlomele ekamelweni, ngokwehlukana kokudla okumile futhi okumanzi, futhi kumele bafakwe esiteji esikhulisiwe ukuze izinyoni zingangeni ngaphakathi ngezinyawo. Abahlinzeki kumele bahlanzwe njalo futhi izinsalela zesondlo zisusiwe;
- Ngaphambi kokungena endlini, kufanele usule izinyawo zakho ngokucophelela, njengoba abanikazi ngokwabo bevame ukuletha ukungcola kanye nezibungu ezinkukhuni.
Uma umhlambi womzali ugcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo zamahhala, indlu ingahlanzwa kancane, kodwa ngezinyoni ezihlala ngaphakathi kwendawo, le nqubo kufanele yenziwe nsuku zonke.
Kubalulekile! Indlu yenkukhu kufanele ihlale isomile futhi ihlanzekile, igumbi kufanele libe nomoya omuhle, kodwa izakhi azivunyelwe ngokuphelele.
Ngaphandle kokuhlanza okujwayelekile, okungenani kanye ngonyaka (futhi mhlawumbe ngekota) kuyadingeka ukuba kwenziwe ukukhipha ukushisa okuphelele kwendlu yenkukhu ukuze ulwe nemikhaza, i-fleas nezinye izitha ezincane zomhlambi wezinyosi. Ukufeza inqubo, kuyadingeka ukususa izakhamuzi zayo kusukela esakhiweni (ngenkathi efudumele akulula ukwenza lokhu, ngakho-ke kuwufanelekile ukuhlela umcimbi ukuze kugcwaliswe ukuqala kwesithwathwa).
Izinto ezihlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa izindlela zokucubungula, zonke zazo zinenzuzo nezinsalela, ukuze umlimi ngamunye azenzele ukuzikhethela, eqondiswa yizintandokazi zakhe kanye nolwazi lwakhe. Ngezansi ukubuka okufushane okukhethwa kukho okungenzeka.
| I-disinfectant | Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi |
| Apple cider uviniga | Akuyona into enobuthi, hhayi eqolo, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuncane kakhulu. |
| I-Formalin | Ephumelelayo, kodwa enobuthi kakhulu (eYurophu ngokuvamile kuvinjelwe ukusebenzisa ekhaya). |
| Bleach | Ephumelelayo, kodwa enobuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima ukubala isikhathi sesenzo. |
| I-potassium permanganate | Nokho, okwamanje, lesi sidakamizwa kunzima ukuthenga ngaphandle kwemithi ekhethekile. |
| Iodine | Kucatshangwa ukuthi ungomunye ophephile, awukwazi ngisho ukususa inyoni kusuka endlini yenkukhu. |
| Amalungiselelo akhethekile ("Gluteks", "Virotsid", "Ekitsid-S", "Delegol", njll) | Ephumelelayo, ephephile, elula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa inqubo izobiza okungaphezulu. |
Okubizayo kakhulu, kepha inketho elula kakhulu futhi ephephile ukumema ithimba lophiko lokukhipha imishanguzo endlini.
Ukudla okufanele
Ukwenza isabelo esifanele sezinkukhu yisayensi yonke, futhi ukudla nokubunjwa kokudla kuncike kakhulu ekuqondiseni ukusetshenziswa kwemfuyo - inyama, amaqanda noma izinkukhu.
Kubalulekile! Izindla zokudla zinezici ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, ngokuphambene nendaba yokuphakamisa izinyoni inyama, umlimi kufanele aqaphele ukuthi le nyoni ayitholi isisindo esiningi, okusho ukuthi inani lamaprotheni kumele linciphise, futhi okwesibili, ukubunjwa okufanelekile kweqanda (njengegobolondo, futhi okuqukethwe) isidumbu senkampani sidinga ukuba nezinqolobane eziningi eziphawulekayo ze-calcium kunabangane bayo okufanele bahlatshwe.
Kumele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma izendlalelo zidinga ukuhlinzeka inani eliphakeme kakhulu le-calcium ne-phosphorus (njengoba kuyaziwa kahle, i-calcium ayitholakali nje lapho kuntuleka kwe-phosphorus), khona-ke ukugqitheka kwalezi zakhi kuyingozi kwabesilisa.
Lesi sici esinye sezizathu zokuthi kuze kube yilapho iphuzu elithile (ukuvuthwa okugcwele ngokocansi), izinkukhu namadoda kufanele zikhuliswe futhi zondliwe ngokwehlukana komunye nomunye.
Izingxenye ezifakiwe ekudleni izinkukhu, ngokuvamile, zijwayelekile, kodwa isilinganiso sabo sishintshwa kuye ngokuthi ubudala nobukhulu bezinyoni, ngenxa yalokho, kusukela ngesonto lesibili lokuphila, imfuyo yomhlambi womzali ingaphansi kwesisindo esijwayelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulawula isisindo sezinyoni emhlambini womzali, abalimi abaningi batusa ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwezinsuku "zokuzila": izinyoni zondliwa izinsuku ezinhlanu bese zigcinwa ngaphandle kokudla izinsuku ezimbili.
Ngezansi kukhona imithetho eqondile yokulungiswa kokudla komhlambi womzali wezinkukhu:
| Uhlobo lokuphakelayo | Yini engabandakanywa | Isabelo esiningi ekudleni |
| Izithelo | ibhali; i-oats; isilwane; ummbila; ukolweni; ibhukwakhe; imbewu, ukudla, ikhekhe le-sunflower, ifilakisi | 60% |
| Ukudla okuhlaza | i-clover; inambuzane; i-alfalfa; iziqu kanye namacembe ama-peas; i-dill; utshani obusha; izinaliti (ikakhulukazi ebusika, uma kungekho enye indawo engumhlabathi) | 19% |
| Imifino imifino, ezinye imifino, izithelo | isithombo sebhitrudi; izaqathe; amazambane; i-turnip; ithanga; ama-apula | 15% |
| Amaprotheni ukudla okuvela emfuyweni | imikhiqizo yobisi (whey, kefir, cottage shizi); inyama kanye nethambo lesifuba; imfucuza yenyama; inhlanzi yenhlanzi; ukudla kwenhlanzi; amathambo; izibungu, izibungu nezinye izinambuzane | 5% |
| Amaminerali Amaminerali | umlotha; isikhombi; ithebula likasawoti; umugqa; i-shell rock; i-limestone | 1% |
Ukudla komhlambi womzali kudingeke kulungiswe kuye ngenkathi, kanti nokuthi inyoni ingafinyelela kanjani uhla lwamahhala (endle, izinkukhu zinethuba lokuthola ifolda eluhlaza kanye "nezinto ezihamba phambili" ezivela emfuyweni).
Ukugonywa
Ukugoma kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela izifo eziyingozi kakhulu, futhi lo mthetho ulinganayo ngokulinganayo kokubili abantu nezilwane ezifuywayo.
Imfuyo yabazali ivame ukugonywa kusuka:
- inyoni encephalomyelitis, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukuzamazama komkhuhlane (ukugoma kwenziwa ngaphambi kwamasonto amahlanu ngaphambi kokubeka;
- i-bronchitis esithathelwanayo (ngesikhathi sokubeka, ukugoma kuvunyelwe);
- salmonellosis (kubalulekile lapha hhayi kakhulu ukuvimbela isifo sezinyoni ngokwazo njengokuvimbela ukutheleleka kwenkukhu);
- i-mycoplasmosis (ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukugoma okuphilayo bukhoma MG 6/85).
Kodwa ukugoma ngokumelene nesifo esinjalo esiyingozi se-parasitic njenge-coccidiosis ngokuvamile akusetshenziselwa abantu abazali, kodwa ngokuqondile izinkukhu (izilwane ezincane zithola umgomo ngosuku lwesithupha lokuphila, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coccidiostatics, ebonakala ibhelele kakhulu kunomuthi wokugoma, ifakwe nje izinkukhu ezondla).
Thola ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma izinkukhu zihamba, ziwela ezinyaweni, zifake amaqanda, zifake iqhude, zifakwe, zikhwehle, zivuthe, zishaye.
Ngesikhathi sokubeka, noma yimiphi imithi kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha okukhulu, njengoba kunjalo nangemigomo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izidakamizwa eziningi zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo yenkukhu zingalimaza kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkukhu.
Ingozi yokudlulisa isifo esithathelwanayo kusuka kwendwangu eya esikhwameni esizayo isiphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke bonke abantu bomhlambi womzali abonisa izimpawu zaso sonke isifo esiyingozi kufanele baxoshwe ngokungenasici ekuzaleni.
Uyazi? Ukugonywa njengendlela yokuvimbela izifo kuqala kuhlongozwa yi-French microbiologist kanye nomakhemikhali uLouis Pasteur. Futhi, njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, ingozi iye yasiza isosayensi ukwenza enye yezinto ezitholakalayo kakhulu emithi. Futhi ... inkukhu. ULouis Pasteur wafunda i-cholera yenkukhu, okuyinto yena ayidinga izinyoni ezigulayo. Kodwa ngelinye ilanga, lapho ephumula, usosayensi wanikeza amawadi akhe kumsizi ongeyena obala, okhohliwe ukwethula ikhamera elandelayo vibrio ezinyoni. Lapho, lapho ebuya, uLouis Pasteur waphinda wathinta izinyoni zakhe ngekhamera, bahlaba kancane kancane, kepha babuyiselwa ngokungalindelekile, njengoba bebevele benamagciwane okulwa nalesi sifo, bathola emva kokuzijwayeza kokuqala "okuncane" ne-pathogen.
Ukuvuselelwa kokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okufanele
Endle, izinyoni azibeki amaqanda unyaka wonke, kepha endaweni yokulima, ukukhiqizwa kwemfuyo njalo kudingekile kusuka emhlambini wezilwane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani ngenkathi nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Ukuze "akhohlise imvelo," isintu sekuyisikhathi eside sifunde ukusebenzisa izinyathelo eziningi ezahlukene. Lezi zihlanganisa, ikakhulukazi:
- Yandisa ubude bemini. Imodi yokukhanyisa ekhethekile, enikeziwe ngokufaka izibani ezengeziwe endlini yokukhukhuka, kufanele ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi izendlalelo zokukhanya kufanele zibe okungenani amahora angu-12-14 ngosuku. Kodwa-ke, esiteji sokuqala 'sokuqala' komhlambi womzali, kuneluleka ukumboza indlu amahora angu-23 ngosuku.
- Ukushisa indlu ebusika. Inhlanzi ibonakala yenyoni njengesiqalo sesikhathi lapho amaqanda angafanele abekwe khona, ngakho-ke izindlu zezinkukhu ezinganakiwe zingavumeli ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ngendlela ephumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ukutholakala kwesikhala samahhala. Ukutshala izinkukhu endlini yenkukhu inqwaba yemithi inomthelela omubi emazingeni okukhiqiza amaqanda, ngakho-ke umgqa ngamunye kumele ube nemitha engu-1 yesikhala somuntu siqu endlini, okungenani i-perch engu-20 cm, futhi inani lezidleke kufanele libalwe okungenani izinkukhu ezilodwa kuya kwezine kuya kwezinhlanu.
- Ukunamathela okuqinile ekunikezeni ukudla. Ukudla okuvela emhlambini womzali akufanele nje kube nokulinganisela ngokuphelele. Kubalulekile ukunikeza ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lokhu kuthobisa izinkukhu futhi kuqondise imicabango yayo esiqondisweni esibalulekile kumlimi.
Noma kunjalo, lapho kukhiqizwa amaqanda okukhuthaza, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinto ezithile ezihloswe kuzo, ikakhulukazi, ukuzalwa nokukhula komhlambi wezinkomo. Akunakwenzeka ukufuna okungaphezulu kusuka kwendwangu engaphezu kokukwazi ukunikeza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda okuvuselela ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kuqala ukuphenduka "ukuphawula" kwamaqanda amancane, ngokuvamile angakufaneleki ukuqhutshwa. Yebo, futhi impilo yezingqimba ezinjalo kungabangela izinkinga, kuze kuhlanganise nokulahlekelwa kwe-oviduct.
Uyazi? Njengendlela engavamile yokukhulisa umkhiqizo womhlambi womzali, izinkukhu ezinkukhu zincoma ukuthi zibeke ama-oat kernels ambalwa ezinkalweni zezinyoni (uma zisetshenziselwa endlini yenkukhu). Kuphawula ukuthi ukumba emanzini ukuze ufune isidlo esithandekayo sakha izinqubo ezithile emzimbeni wezinyoni, okusho ngesizathu esithile kuboniswa ngokuvuthwa okuvame kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, okuqukethwe komhlambi womzali wezinkukhu kuhilela ukuhambisana nokuchazwa kahle futhi, ngokujwayelekile, izidingo ezizwakalayo nezizwakalayo. Ehlomile ngolwazi oludingekile, ebonisa ukunakekelwa okuncane nokubekezela, noma yikuphi umlimi wezinkukhu wezinkukhu unamathuba onke okufeza imiphumela emihle kule nsimu.
Indlela yokukhulisa umhlambi womzali: ividiyo
