Ukuze uthole izinkukhu ezigcwele ekhaya, umlimi wezinkukhu akudingi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukushisa okufunayo, kodwa nokulawula njalo umswakama. Phela, ukuze inzalo yenkukhu ku-incubator ingenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zendawo ekhululekile. Ngokuvamile imbangela yokufa kombungu iwukungahambisani kahle kwenkomba yomswakama.
Ziyini amazinga omswakama ku-incubator?
Ukuze uqinisekise umbungu ukuthuthukiswa okufanele emaqanda, okokuqala udinga ukunakekelwa izinga lokuswakama kudivayisi. Ngenxa yobuhlobo obuhle balo mbonakaliso ngokushisa, imvelo evumayo yokukhushulwa ivela. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, iphutha elikhulu futhi elivame kakhulu lamapayipi ngukufinyelela kwesikhathi esisodwa kumswakama oyifunayo nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo phakathi nesikhathi sokukhushulwa. Eqinisweni, izidingo zephesenti yomswakama zishintsha njengoba ingane iqala. Cabangisisa ngemininingwane eminingi esigabeni ngasinye. 
Uyazi? Ama-incubators angena ekuphileni kwabantu ngenxa yabaseGibhithe lasendulo. Kwakuyiminyaka engaba yinkulungwane nengxenye BC, zakhiwe izitsha ezikhethekile kanye nemiphongolo efudumayo yokufakelwa kwamaqanda okufakelwa, okwakubanjwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwabapristi bendawo.
Ekuqaleni kokutshala
Izinsuku zokuqala zamaqanda ku-incubator zinomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu. I-coefficient ephansi yomswakama womoya ingaphazamisa ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezincibilikayo emzimbeni we-protein-yolk, okuyinto eholela ekulameni kombungu. Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi umswakama omkhulu ubalulekile.
Phakathi nendawo yokutshala
Kusukela ngosuku lwama-7 lokufakelwa ukushiswa, uma igridi yezinsiza ikhiwa ngaphakathi kweqanda, umswakama kufanele unciphise. Isidingo sokwanda okukhulu kwamanzi siqedwa ngenxa yobuningi be-allantoic fluid. Cabanga ukuthi nge-index ye-humidity ye-70%, izinqubo zangaphakathi zokuthuthukiswa kombungu zihamba kancane, ngakho-ke kulungile ukubeka umlawuli ku-50-65%. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, le nkathi iqhubeka kuze kube usuku lwama-16 futhi ibonakala ngokukhula okujulile kwe-fetus. 
Izinkukhu zichitha
Kusukela ngosuku lwama-17 amaqanda ku-incubator, ukunyuka kwamanzi ku-apparatus kuyaqhathaniswa, ngoba kulezi zifo eziphilayo kanye nama-bacterium athuthuka ngamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokungcola ngokweqile okwenzeka emaqanda ngesikhathi se-protein evaporation, inkukhu ayikwazi ukubhekana negobolondo, futhi ngenxa yalokho ifa. Ukuze kulungiswe zonke izici ezibalulekile emvelweni, kunconywa ngalesi sigaba ukwandisa umswakama kuya 60-70%.
Uyazi? EYurophu, umbhali we-incubator yokuqala yi-physicist yase-Italy Port, e- XVIII Ikhulu leminyaka lakhiwa isakhiwo sokuqala sokukhukhumeza izinkukhu. Kodwa izwe lalingalwazi ngalolu daba olukhulu, ngenxa yokuthi lushiswe ngomyalelo weNkantolo yokuCwaninga. Okulandelayo ukukhuluma ngokufakelwa kwamaqanda kwakuyiFulentshi, eholwa ngu-inventor Reaumur.
Ziyini izibonakaliso zemiswakama ephezulu?
Ama-novices amaningi acabanga ukuthi izinkukhu ezizaliswayo ngaphakathi kwe-incubator yinto embi kakhulu futhi enzima, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulawula umswakama. Kodwa abalimi abanezinkukhu abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi lezi zinkomba zinganqunywa ngisho nangeso elimele. 
Iqiniso lokuthi umswakama emvelweni udlula amazinga anconyiwe, bonisa:
- inqwaba ye-adhesive ehambisana ne-fetus negobolondo ekuqothulweni;
- ukugaya okwephuzile nokungavumelani, kanye neglasi yokukhulisa;
- ukubonakala kwe-amniotic fluid kusuka eqanda elizimele, okuyinto, njengoba ligeleza, lifiphaza futhi livimbela inkukhu ukuba ingaphumi kugobolondo.
Funda ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-incubator efanele yekhaya lakho.
Indlela yokukala umswakama ku-incubator
Kulula ukulawula izici ezithinta lezi zingu-nuances ezithengiwe ezifakelwe izitsha zokulinganisa ezikhethekile - ama-hygrometers nama-thermo-hygrometers. Kwamanye amamodeli amadivayisi anikezwa ngesimo sezingxenye ezengeziwe. Qaphela ukuthi kumamitha amaningi ezentengiselwano, izinga le-humidity lihluka kusuka ku-40 kuya kuma-80%.
Kubalulekile! Uma izinkukhu ziqala ukugxuma kugobolondo, kodwa ziphazamisa isikhathi eside futhi zingekho ukuvumelanisa, futhi i-brood ihlukaniswe ngomsebenzi omncane, lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi umswakama uphansi komshini wokufakelwa.
Indlela yokukala umswakama ngaphandle kwedivayisi ekhethekile
Uma unomshini wokuzenzela noma olula othengiwe, futhi azikho izinsimbi zokulinganisa epulazini, indlela evelele izokusiza. Ukwenza lokhu, uzodinga amanzi ahlanzekile kanye ne-cloth ehlanzekile yengubo noma uboya bekotini. Isibonelo, esakhiweni esivamile "Ukubeka", ukulinganisa kwezinga lokuswakama emoyeni kwenziwa ngosizo lwezimoto ezimbili ezijwayelekile (thermometers). 
Ngalokhu udinga:
- Gcwalisa ithreyi engaphansi ngamanzi.
- Vula i-incubator.
- Ngemva kwesikhathi sisebenza (imizuzu engaba ngu-10) ukuyivala.
- Gcoba indwangu yokulinganisa ye-thermometer ngeboya likotini bese uyiphonsa emanzini.
- Beka kokubili ama-thermometers kudivayisi, uwabeke eceleni, ezingeni elifanayo.
- Vula futhi idivayisi futhi uthathe ukufundwa ngemizuzu engu-15-20.
| Ukushisa emshini wokushisa owomile | Ukushisa nge-thermometer ehambile | ||||||||||
| 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | ||
| Amaphesenti omswakama | |||||||||||
| 36 | 38 | 43 | 48 | 53 | 58 | 63 | 68 | 74 | 79 | 86 | |
| 36,5 | 37 | 41 | 46 | 51 | 56 | 61 | 66 | 71 | 76 | 83 | |
| 37 | 35 | 40 | 44 | 49 | 54 | 58 | 63 | 68 | 74 | 80 | |
| 37,5 | 34 | 38 | 42 | 47 | 52 | 56 | 61 | 66 | 71 | 77 | |
| 38 | 32 | 36 | 41 | 45 | 50 | 54 | 59 | 64 | 68 | 74 | |
| 38,5 | 31 | 35 | 39 | 43 | 48 | 52 | 57 | 61 | 66 | 72 | |
Uyazi? Ama-incubators aseShayina ayelokhu ehluke kakhulu kulawo asetshenziswa yi-Yurophu. Ezikhathini zasendulo, kuleli zwe, kwakungokwesiko ukwakha izakhiwo ezinjalo emhlabathini nokuzishisa ngosizo lwelanga. Ukuqothula amaqanda abantu abakhethekile nakho kwakwenziwa.
Indlela yokulungisa izinga
Njengoba umoya owomile ungamukeleki uma uhlanganisa ingane encane, umlimi wezinkukhu kumele akhulise ngokushesha noma anciphise izinga lomswakama. Esikhathini samanje amadivaysi amadivaysi, lezi zinqubo zenzeka ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, kodwa izintambo ezenziwe ekhaya nezindlela ezilula ezithengwa zibandakanya iqhaza elikhethekile. Cabangela okukhethwa kukho.
Amadivaysi okuthenga okuzenzakalelayo nokuzenzakalelayo
Ngaphandle kokwedlulisa, amadivaysi anjalo - iphupho lazo zonke izilimi zezinkukhu. Zinezilawuli zokushisa nezomswakama, ngokuzenzekelayo ziguqula amathreyi ngamaqanda okushisa okufanayo. 
Amamodeli azenzekelayo ngokuvamile ahlinzeki nganoma yiziphi izenzo zomnikazi. Indima yakhe kuphela ukulayisha lokho okudingekayo ukuze uqothule izinkukhu. Futhi yonke imoto izobhekana nayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angathatha amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukunciphisa okuwukuphela kwindleko ephezulu, kusukela kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-40.
Funda mayelana nezinambuzane zokufaka amaqanda ezinkukhu, ama-goslings, ama-poults, amadada, ama-turkeys, ama-quails.
Ngezidingo zabo siqu, ukuguqula okunjalo akudingeki. Ngakho-ke, kunokwenzeka ukuthi uyenze ngezindleko ezizenzekelayo, okubiza okungenani isigamu futhi ulahlekelwe kuphela ekukhuleni kwabo. Isibonelo, kusukela ochungechungeni lwe-incubators ezizenzakalelayo, lezi zibonelo ezilandelayo zizibonakalise kahle:
- I-MS-48 (idivaysi yakhelwe amaqanda ama-48);
- I-MS-98 (ithreyi ithatha amaqanda ama-98);
- I-Covina Super-24 (i-brand brand yase-Italian).
I-Covina Super-24Abasebenzisi basabela kahle kumamodeli alandelayo:
- I-Argis (ukukhiqizwa kweRomania, enekhono lamaqanda angu-56, ifakwe i-thermostat ne-fan yokuphoqa ngenkani);
- I-ASEL IO-1P TE (ibalwa kumaqanda angu-56, iqala ukushintshaniswa kwemoya okuphoqelekile, ukulawula kagesi kwesimo sokushisa nokuguqulwa kwemishini yama-egg trays).
Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukwazi ukuthi ungenza kanjani idivaysi yokufakelwa ngaphakathi efrijini wena.
Amasu Okumisa Okuphoqelelwe
Uma umswakama uphansi, izinyathelo ezengeziwe zingadingeka. Ukuze uyithuthukise, sebenzisa amadivayisi anjalo:
- Ukugeza okukhethekile kanye ne-heater (i-heat tubular tubular). Kukhona ukushisa okuqhubekayo kwamanzi, okwenza ukuba kuguquke. Idivaysi enjalo ingenziwa kunoma yisiphi isitsha sensimbi ngokwayo, esakhiwe iWater W 200. Kubalulekile ukuthi lo mklamo utholakale ngaphakathi kwe-incubator ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwamathrekhi amaqanda.
- Ipompo yokufakelwa. Le nqubo ihilela ukugcoba emkhathini ophezulu ngepom kanye nombhobho. Liquid iqoqwe kusuka kunoma isiphi isitsha futhi iya kuwo wonke ubuso we-incubator. Kodwa ukufaniswa kokufafaza isakhiwo esinjalo kufanele kufakwe ebangeni elingama-20 cm kumaqanda.
- Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier ye-ultrasonic etholakalayo kwezohwebo. Abalimi bangamamodeli athandwayo "AC100-240V", "Umenzi Wobhuni Ukhazimulayo" 16 mm. Ukuthengwa kwemishini enjalo kuyobiza ama-ruble angu-500-800.
Kubalulekile! Ezimweni zokuchohloka kugobolondo lenye yamaqanda asele ekukhulisweni, susa indawo ethintekile nsuku zonke ngesisombululo esicacile se-potassium permanganate, futhi "glue" ngeqabunga lama-papyrus oswakanyiswe ngesisombululo esifanayo.
Ividiyo: kanjani ukwandisa umswakama ku-incubator ngezandla zakho
Amasu Wokunciphisa Umthunzi
Ukumisa umswakama kunzima kakhulu. Ungakwenza lokhu ngesandla ngendlela elandelayo:
- Izinga elingezansi kuma-controller incubators okuzenzakalelayo. Le ndlela kufanele isetshenziswe kuphela uma imodi ehleliwe ingahambisani nawo wonke amaqanda. Nakuba izinhlobo zanamuhla zamadivaysi alo hlobo zilawula ngokuzimela izinkomba ezidingekayo, ngokuvamile kunomthelela ekuthuthukiseni imibungu.
- Ukunciphisa izinga lesiketshezi ebhodini lokugeza, elifakiwe ekwakhiweni kwe-incubator. Lo msebenzi ungenziwa kuphela uma idivayisi isuliwe amandla.
- Ukususa okwesikhashana ithangi lamanzi kumshini. Lokhu kwenziwa kuphela uma izinga lokuswakama liphakama emazingeni aphezulu (80%). Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukushiya amaqanda esimweni esinjalo isikhathi eside. Uma ungeke ususe ukugeza, amanzi apheliswe ngokuphelele.
- Faka ku-incubator ukondla izindlela ezithuthukisiwe: i-washcloth, uboya bekotini, indwangu yokotini, ama-rags. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba uxazululwe inkinga kungakapheli isigamu sehora.
- Sebenzisa umlawuli othengiwe "ВРД-1", "РВ-16 / П". Ukuthengwa okunjalo kuzodla ngo-1000-3000 ruble.
Indlela yokwenza "idivayisi" ukulawula umswakama
Uma uxhumano lwakho lwegesi luyisakhiwo esilula esenziwe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ungasheshisi ukuthukuthela ukuthi kungaphansi kwamadivayisi abizayo amasha. Eminye yemisebenzi yabo ongayenza ekhaya - isibonelo, umlawuli we-humidity. Kunezinketho ezihlukahlukene ongakhetha kuzo ozithandayo ngenjongo ethile:
- Kungenzeka ukuhlomisa i-incubator nge-tank yamanzi. Le ndlela inhle kumadivaysi amakhulu futhi ayizuzisi neze ezincane. Iqiniso liwukuthi lapho izinga lamanzi lidonsa, umshini ungahluleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zikagesi ziphezulu.
- Ngokwakhiwa okuncane, idivayisi eyenziwe nge-valve kagesi kanye neyendwangu evamile, lapho amanzi okudlulayo ewela khona, kufanelekile. Ukungahleleki kwalendlela kuyisidingo sokushintshwa okuvamile kwesici samathambo, ngoba i-calcium iqoqa kuyo kakade ngemva kwesonto nengxenye.
- Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-aquarium air compressor iyafaneleka. Ukuze idivaysi isebenze, udinga ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi amanzi kanye nokuthembeka okungenani okungamapayipi ayisi-5.
Kubalulekile! Ngisho noma kwenzeka ukukhipha amandla noma ukudiliza okungalindelekile, ungavumeli ukumiswa okusheshayo kokufakelwa ukufakelwa. Khumbula ukuthi ama-embungu angathumela ngokuphephile nsuku zonke ukupholisa noma ukuphefumula. Akuyona efiselekayo, kodwa kuvunyelwe ukugcina amaqanda ngo-49 ° C ngehora elilodwa. Uma lesi sibalo singaphansi, umbungu uzogcina usebenza amahora amathathu.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzise i-incubator, ukulawula umswakama nokushisa yizici ezihlobene kakhulu lapho izingane ezincane zixhomeke khona. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukunquma kusengaphambili ukuthi uzolungisa kanjani izinkomba ezidingekayo, futhi yini edingekayo kulokhu.
