Ukuzaliswa kwezilwane ezincane kule-incubator kusetshenziswa kabanzi emakhaya nasemapulazini. Ukuze ulawule umsebenzi wakhe kanye nezinkomba zokuzalwa kwabantu abasebenza kahle ngumsebenzi womuntu ophethe kahle.
Isingeniso
Inani lokusinda labasha kanye nempilo yabo (ngokubheka ukusetshenziswa kwe-incubator) ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekutheni izimpawu zokushisa kanye nomswakama kahle zisungulwe futhi zigcinwe kanjani, imigomo yokuthungatha nokuguquka kwenzalo ekulindelekile iyabonwa.
Endalweni yemvelo, umama-imvelo ithatha impendulo, futhi ku-incubator konke kuhlukile: lapha umuntu uthatha umthwalo wokuphepha kwezingane kuye:
- Ukuze ibhukimakhi, amaqanda athathwe abe ngisho, abebushelelezi, ahlale emoyeni, ngaphandle kwemifantu, engadluli kunezinsuku ezingu-7.
- I-incubator ihlanzwa, ixiliswe nge-disinfected futhi ihlolwe ukulungela, iyashisa ekushiseni kwama-+36 ° C.
- Amaqanda abekwa ngokuzenzekelayo noma ngokuzenzekelayo ngokuphela kokumnyama (kuye ngokuthi amathrekhi wedivayisi).
Yonke eminye imisebenzi (emva kokubeka amaqanda) izokwenziwa yi-incubator yokuzenzekelayo, kuyilapho ama-incubator okuzenzekelayo kanye nemishini adinga ukuthi uhlanganyele njalo ekulawuleni izindlela zokufakelwa, ukushisa okulinganisa, umswakama, ukushintsha isikhundla samaqanda.
Njengoba i-batch yenkukhu ikhiwa ngosuku, kunconywa ukuthi kube lula ukubeka amaqanda amakhulu okuqala kusihlwa, amahora ayisithupha kamuva - okuphakathi, emva kokunye okuyisithupha - ezincane. Ngakho izinkukhu ngesikhathi esisodwa zifika esigabeni sokupela isipelingi.
Kubalulekile! Ukufakelwa kwamaqanda ekhaya kuvunyelwe kuphela ezinkukhu ezinempilo. Uma i-hen isengozini yezifo, izothathwa njengezinkukhu.
Izinhlobo zama-thermometers
Kunezibonelo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokushisa kwamamitha, zidinga ukuthi zitholakale ngaphakathi kwe-incubator:
- Ukuqapha kwezinga lokushisa kwenziwa ngefasitela elikhethekile, uma kukhethwe ukushisa kwe-mercury noma yotshwala;
- kulula ukulungisa imingcele nge-electronic version ye-thermometer, ngoba i-scoreboard ifakiwe ngaphandle, futhi ngaphakathi kwincubator kunesiphakamiso esingathinti amaqanda - idatha yayo iboniswa ebhodini lebhodi ngokucacile okweshumi.
Utshwala
I-thermometers ye-alcohol ihlukaniswa nemingcele yokuphepha, lula ukusetshenziswa (isilinganiso sezinga eliphezulu) kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Idivaysi yokuphazamiseka ngeke ilimaze imvelo nemibungu, kubalulekile kuphela ukuqoqa izingcezu zeglasi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukufundwa kwe-thermometer akuyona inembile ngokuphelele.
I-thermometer ye-Alcohol ku-Ryabushka 70 incubator
Amathiphu:
- Beka amamitha amaningana amamaphuzu ahlukene ku-incubator ukuze afinyelele imiphumela enembile.
- Ungathengi amakhophi ashibhile kakhulu, njengoba ubufakazi babo abukwazi ukwethenjwa.
Funda ukuthi ungenza kanjani i-thermostat ye-incubator.
I-Mercury
I-thermometers yama-Mercury nayo inehlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwesimali samaphesenti kanye nenani elincane, kodwa ukunemba kwabo kuphakeme kakhulu kunokudakwa. Kodwa-ke, idivaysi eyonakalisiwe ayingozi hhayi kuphela ngilazi ephukile, kodwa futhi ngokuchithelwa i-mercury, okuphefumula okuyolimaza imibungu kanye nenhlalakahle yakho.
Nokho, ngokusebenzisa ngokucophelela, le model kufanele isetshenziswe kuma-incubators.
I-Electronic
Imodeli elula ye-elekthronikhi iyisimethrimitha yezokwelapha, esinembile yokufunda kuze kufike ekudaleni kwesimali samaphesenti kanye nentengo ephansi. Uma ngabe idivaysi inikwe isofthiwe ekhethekile (inzwa), umsebenzi wakho wenziwa lula, ngoba inzwa itholakala ngaphakathi kwe-incubator, futhi ibhodi lingaphandle.
I-thermometer ivame ukutholakala ekusetshenzisweni okuyisisekelo kwe-incubator, funda ngezici ze-incubators "I-AI-48", "TGB 140", "I-Sovatutto 24", "I-Sovatutto 108", "I-Nest 200", i- "Egger 264", "Ukubeka", "Inkukhu ephelele "," I-Cinderella ", i-" Titan "," i-Blitz ".
Insimbi yokulinganisa ibhethri ibhethri. Qaphela ama-fake kanye namamodeli angabizi aseShayina of quality empofu. Thenga ezitolo ezikhethekile umkhiqizo awuphansi kunomkhakha wesilinganiso wamanani.
Ukukala kokushisa
- I-thermometer imisiwe ukuze ingabandakanyi oxhumana naye endaweni yayo yokusebenza negobolondo lamaqanda, ngoba ukufunda ukushisa kwomoya ku-incubator, hhayi ukushisa kwamaqanda, kuyadingeka.
- Zama ukulungisa i-thermometer kude nokushisa kanye nezakhi zokungenisa umoya. Ukubuka izinga lokushisa endaweni ecacisiwe, uzobe uzolile ukuphepha kwazo zonke izinzalo (ukuthungatha).
- Izinkomba zokushisa, umswakama kanye neminye imininingwane ngezigaba ezahlukene zokufakelwa kwezingxube zihlukene futhi zixhomeke ezinkambweni zemvelo zokuthuthukiswa kombungu. Gada idatha yokushisa njalo amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu.
- Izilinganiso ezinembile kunazo zonke zokushisa lokushisa zenziwa ngokusebenzisa ibhola le-mercury eliseduze ne-nougat, lapho umbungu ukhona khona. Ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukuncibilika ngokweqile kombungu kudinga ukulawula okushisa okuphuthumayo.
Kubalulekile! Amaqanda abekwe inkukhu kusihlwa nasebusuku (kusukela ku-20 kuya ku-8.00), angafaneleki ukubeka emgodini wokufakelwa, ngoba cishe ngeke ahlanganiswe. Amaqanda asetshenziswa emini noma emini amahora afanele kule njongo.
Izinyathelo zokufakelwa
Inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokufakelwa ukushiswa kwegazi ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine izikhathi:
- owokuqala Izinsuku ezingu-7 kusukela ngesikhathi sokubeka amaqanda;
- okwesibili - izinsuku ezine ezilandelayo (kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-11);
- okwesithathu Iqala kusukela ngosuku lwama-12 kuze kuvele ukukhishwa kwe-inkukhu yokuqala engenayo;
- wesine okokugcina kuphela nge-speckling yegobolondo nokubonakala kwenkukhu ekukhanyeni.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkukhu ngaphakathi kweqanda
Ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezinkomba ezijwayelekile zokushisa nezimo ezimanzi kuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokusinda nokuthuthukiswa okufanele kwenzalo:
- Ukushisa okuphezulu ishesha ukuvuthwa kwemibungu, egcwele ukubukeka "kwezinkukhu ezincane" ezinkukhu ezincane ezinentambo engapheli.
- Ukushisa okuphansi linciphisa inqubo yokubukeka kwezinkukhu usuku futhi ngokunciphisa kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwabo (ukuhamba kahle).
- Ukuphambana okushisa okuphawulekayo amazinga okusinda e-chick (embryo) azoba zero.
Funda ukuthi ungenza kanjani i-incubator, i-ovoscope, umoya we-incubator ngezandla zakho, ukuthi ungasilungisa kanjani i-incubator ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda.
Inkinga efanayo kwenzeka ngokungahambisani nemingcele yemiswakama:
- Umswakama ophansi usongela ukulahlekelwa yizinkukhu ngezinkukhu zesikhathi esizayo kanye ne-nibble shell yayo yokuqala, njengoba kunyuke ukwanda kwamakamelo emoyeni.
- Umswakama ophezulu liphuza ukukhula kwenzalo, iholela ekukhuleni kwesikhumba kanye nenyosi ehlangene negobolondo.
Okokuqala
Ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe emathreyini omshini we-incubator, amaqanda afudumele afinyelele ku-+25 ° C, ukuhamba kwe-yolk kanye nokuba khona kwekamelo lomoya kuhlolwe nge-ovoscope. Izenzo ezengeziwe:
- Isigaba sokuqala sibonakala ngokuqala kokubunjwa kwezitho ezibaluleke kakhulu zenkukhu ezayo (embryo). Ngesikhathi esifanayo ku-incubator kuyadingeka ukuthi usethe izinga lokushisa + 37.8 ... +38 ° С futhi uqaphele umswakama okungenani 65-70%. Lezi zinkomba zihlala izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala.
- Ngosuku lwesine sinciphisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-+37.5 ° С, nomswakama ube ngu-55%. Izikhathi ezimbili noma kathathu ngosuku, ngokubheka isikhathi esilingana nesikhathi, kuyadingeka ukushintsha isimo seqanda (vula), kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kwamahora angu-4-5 emva kokubeka amaqanda. Lezi zenzo zizosiza ukugwema ukubambelela embumbeni odongeni lweqanda futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukufa kwayo.
- Ekupheleni kwesikhathi, amaqanda ama-ovoscopic kufanele akhombise igridi ye-vascular evezwe nge-2/3 ye-yolk. Amaqanda anqatshiwe asusiwe. Ukwenza lula inqubo yokuvuselela kugobolondo ufake izimpawu, amanothi.
Uyazi? Izinkukhu ziqala ukucula "izingoma", ziqhuma, ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda. Abanye baqhubeka behlabelela ngesikhathi se-egg deposit (ngezinye izikhathi emva kwayo). Ngakho basakaza umcimbi ojabulisayo.
Okwesibili
Esigabeni sesibili, umzimba we-embryo ufinyelela usayizi omkhulu ngokwanele, i-skeleton ibonakala, izihluthulelo zokuqala zizalwa, umlomo, yonke i-allantois ivala ekupheleni kweqanda.
Ukushisa kufanele kugcinwe ku-37.6 ... +37.8 ° С, umswakama - 55%. Umswakama wehla phakathi nalesi sikhathi kungabulala imibungu. Isikhundla samaqanda sishintsha okungenani kabili ngosuku, sibheke izikhathi ezifanayo.
Umswakama omuhle utholakala usebenzisa itanki ngamanzi efakwe ngaphansi kwamatayipi. Ukuphumelela okusheshayo kwemingcele yemiswakama edingekayo, ucezu lwento lufakwa emanzini.
Thola ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma inkukhu ingakwazi ukuzishaya.
Okwesithathu
Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umbungu uhlanganiswe ne-feather plumage, kanti izinhlayiya zihlanganiswa ne-stratum corneum. Isikhathi sokwakheka okukhulu sisebenzisa wonke amaprotheni, futhi isikhwama se-yolk sisondela. Ukushisa kuhlala kuhlala ngaphakathi + 37.2 ... +37.5 ° С. Ngosuku lwe-14, umswakama uphakama ube ngu-70%.
I-metabolism esebenzayo yesigaba sesithathu idinga ukusakazwa kwe-air, ngakho-ke ukuvuthwa kwe-incubator kuthatha izikhathi ezingu-5-10 izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngosuku (sibona isikhathi esifanayo).
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-18, i-ovoscopy yenziwa. I-germ kumele isetshenziswe kakhulu isikhala, futhi ikamelo lomoya - kuphela 30%. Izinduku zezinkukhu ezizalwe zihlangene futhi ziqondiswe ekugcineni kombono. I-squeak encane yezinkukhu izwakala. 
Amaqanda ezinkukhu ama-ovoscopic ngezigaba ezahlukene zokuthuthukiswa kombungu
Okwesine
Isigaba sokugcina sesine siqala ngokuphumelela kwefilimu ye-airbag. Ukushisa kwe-incubator kugcinwa cishe ngo-+37.2 ° C, umswakama kancane kancane uhlelwe u-78-80%. I-incubator inomoya umoya kabili ngosuku ngemizuzu engu-10-20.
Amaqanda awahambisani nokushintsha kwesimo, futhi isikhala esivunyelwe kakhulu senziwa phakathi kwabo. I-Squeak yamakhuphu isebenza njengenkomba yempilo yabo. Ubumnene nokuzolile kufakazela isimo esivamile senkukhu. Izimpawu ezinamandla futhi ezinzima azijabulisi.
Imivimbo emithathu eya enkukhu enempilo yanele ukubhoboza igobolondo. Ukuphefumula kokuqala namahlo avulekile kusiza ingane ukuthi iphume endlini yangempela. Izinsana zishiywe ku-incubator kuze kube yoma, bese zidluliselwa ku-brooder noma ziphathwe i-hen.
Uyazi? Isazi sezinzwa saseBrithani uJoe Edgar sathola ikhono lezinkukhu ukuba lizwe ububele. Njengengxenye yokuhlolwa, inkukhu yayigxilile, kuyilapho unina eziphatha njengokungathi wayenenkinga ngokwayo. Izinkukhu ziyadabukisa, zihlala kude nezihlobo zazo noma uma kwenzeka izinkukhu zifa.
Izinkukhu ezihlwithayo
Ukuthi izinkukhu zihloliwe zihlolwa futhi zikhethwe ngokucophelela. Ukuze uthole intuthuko eqhubekayo, izinkukhu ziyasebenza, zilalela imisindo, zimbozwe ngokugqamile nge-glitter, zinezinso ezicacile eziphikisayo, umlomo omncane nesisu esisithambile esinombambo womlomo. Intsha enamandla engazinzile enezimpawu ezicacile zokuphambuka kusukela ekujwayelekile ukubulala, ngoba banqatshelwe ithuba lokusebenza.
Funda ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani izinkukhu emva kwe-incubator, ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani isibani se-infrared for izinkukhu, ukuthi ungondla kanjani izinkukhu kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, ukuthi unquma kanjani ubulili wenkukhu, ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngesifo sohudo ezinkukhu, ukuthi yini ongayinika izinkukhu.Ukufa okuphezulu kwezinkukhu kubangelwa imingcele emibili esemqoka:
- amaqanda ekhwalithi aphansi;
- ukungahambisani nombuso wokutshala.
Izindlela zokufakelwa izikhumba zamaqanda: ividiyo
Indlela yokuqoqa amaqanda inkukhu: ukubuyekezwa
kuqhutshwe kulo nyaka cishe amaqanda angama-35. izikhanyiso ngosuku lwama-7 ku-ovoskop, zihlwithwe eceleni izithelo. Phakathi naso sonke ukuqhutshwa, ijubane laliyi-37.8-37.9 g C. C. Lezi zinambuzane zazinhlobo eyodwa - ezivela kumaqanda angu-19 zazingenalutho (u-68% wokuzala), okwesibili - kusukela kumaqanda angu-7 ayinalutho (59% yokuzala). Izinkukhu eziyi-10 zahlwanyelwa kusukela emzalweni wokuqala wezinyosi (77%), izinkukhu ezingu-9 (90%) zahlonywa ngohlobo lwesibili. umphumela wokuqothula ukwedlula ukwaneliseka, kucatshangwa ukuthi izinkukhu eziyi-77 kanye nezingu-90% zaqotshwa emaqanda abekayo. ukufakwa kwakungenelisekile. i-incubator esuka ku-Vinnitsa - i-THERMAL 60 ene-manual yokuguqula, ukulungisa ithempeli ngokusebenzisa i-mercury thermometer kanye ne-screwdriver.
