Amaqanda enkukhu akungabazeki ukuthi ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaqanda angaphandle angabhalwa ngokuhlukile futhi abe namanani ahlukile. Kule ncwadi, sizoqonda ukuthi yini le mikhiqizo enayo yamakilasi athile nokuthi kungani inikezwa ngezigaba ezahlukene. Yonke inqubo ihambisana neNational Standard of Ukraine DSTU 5028: 2008 "Amaqanda Okudla" kusukela ngo-2010.
Izidingo zekhwalithi yamaqanda ezinkukhu zokuphuza
Ngokwezilinganiso, ngokwemigomo yokuhlanzeka, amakilasi alandelayo ayahlukaniswa: amaqanda okuhloswe ukudayiswa ensimini ye-Ukraine: ukudla, itafula kanye ne-chilled. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigaba esikhethekile sinikezwa umkhiqizo ohloselwe ukuthekelisa (okungeziwe, A no-B), kodwa zonke lezi zigaba zizochazwa ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi. 
Indlela yokunikeza lo mkhiqizo ekilasini elithile yisikhathi esilondolozwe ngayo, futhi usuku lapho iqanda labekwe khona alifakiwe kule nkathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zokugcina zithathwa njenge-akhawunti.
Uyazi? Inkukhu yezinkukhu ibhekwa njengomkhiqizo owuthandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Imikhiqizo yayo yokukhiqiza emhlabeni jikelele ayiyazi kahle, kepha eChina, ukubeka izinhlanzi kuveza cishe izingxenye eziyizigidi zezigidi zalokhu kukhiqizwa ngosuku.
Isilinganiso samaqanda abonakalayo
Ngaphandle kwempilo yashalofu, imingcele efana nesimo sekamelo lomoya, ubukhulu bayo phakathi kwe-axis enkulu, isikhundla nokuhamba kwe-yolk, ukubaluleka nokucaca kwamaprotheni kuthinta ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yeqanda. Yonke le mingcele inqunyelwe ukusebenzisa insimbi ebizwa nge-ovoscope.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo segobolondo siyacatshangelwa. Igobolondo lomkhiqizo kumele ihlambuluke, ihlanzeke. Akufanele kube nemidwebo yecala, amabala ahlukahlukene. Ukunciphisa ukungcola ngendlela yama-specks ngabanye noma imigqa evela ku-tape yokuthutha kuvunyelwe. Iphunga lomkhiqizo kufanele ibe yindalo yemvelo kuphela eqhubekayo (putrid, musty, njll) ayamukeleki.
Thola uma amaqanda enkukhu ahle.
Ukuqalisa:
Emakethe yasekhaya, amaqanda ezinhlobonhlobo ezinjalo avunyelwe ukudayiswa ekusetshenzisweni kwesikhathi kamuva: ukudla, itafula kanye nokulinywa. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe izici zemikhiqizo ehlukaniswe kulezi zigaba. 
Ukudla kokudla
Ngokwezinga, leli klasi lihlanganisa amaqanda awagcinwe okungenani kwezinsuku ezingu-7 ekushiseni okungu-0 ° C kuya ku-20 ° C. Kufanele abe negobolondo elingelona ingcolisi futhi elingonakali, yiziphi izindawo zomuntu ngamunye noma amapheshana avela ebhanini lokuthutha evunyelwe, engathathi inani elingaphezu kwe-1/32 yendawo yegobolondo. Amaprotheni kumele abe obala futhi alula, ngaphandle kokungeniswa, abe nokuthungwa okunamandla. I-yolk e-ovoscope kunzima ukubona, itholakala phakathi, cishe immobile. Ikamelo lomoya lihleliwe, ukuphakama kwalo akudluli 4 mm.
Ngezinye izikhathi ungathola izikhupha ezimbili emaqanda ezinkukhu.
Izidakamizwa zokudla
Leli klasi linikezwe imikhiqizo ebhekene nokushisa kwe-shelf emazingeni okushisa kusuka ku-0 C kuya ku-20 ° C ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-7. Igobolondo kumele ibe yinto ehlanzekile futhi ihlanzekile, kodwa ivunyelwe ukuba ibe nezindawo ezahlukene futhi ihlubule kuyo, indawo yayo engapheli i-1/8 yesimo segobolondo. Amaprotheni aqinile, alula futhi alula. I-yolk ayibonakali kabi ku-ovoskop, iphakathi nendawo noma ingase ishintshwe kancane, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingahamba kancane ngesikhathi sokujikeleza. Ukuhamba kancane kwekamelo lomoya kuvunyelwe, ukuphakama kwalo akumele kudlule u-6 mm. 
Ukudla okufakiwe
Isigaba somkhiqizo ohlile umkhiqizo obegcinwe esiqandisini ekushiseni kwe--2 ° C ... .0 ° C ngezinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-90. Igobolondo kufanele ihlale ngaphandle kwemonakalo futhi ingangcolile, kodwa ivunyelwe ukuba ibe nezindawo ezihlukene kanye nemivimbo, kuyo yonke indawo engekho ngaphezu kwe-1/8 kwendawo yegobolondo. Amaprotheni aqinile, avulekile futhi alula, kodwa ukuthungwa kwawo okuncane kakhulu kunokwenzeka. I-yolk e-ovoscope ayibonakali kahle, kufanele ibe phakathi noma ihambe kancane, ukuhamba kwayo kuvunyelwe. Ikamelo lomoya lingahamba kancane, futhi ukuphakama kwalo akufanele kudlule 9 mm.
Kubalulekile! Amaqanda alesi sifundo angasetshenziswa kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni. Umkhiqizo ovame kakhulu walokho kusetshenzwa yi-powder yeqanda.
Ukuthekelisa
Imikhiqizo ehlukaniswe ngokuhlukanisiwe ehloselwe ukuthekeliswa. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemikhiqizo: eyengeziwe, i-A ne-B. I-criteria yalezi klasi ayifani neze nemigomo yemikhiqizo yemakethe yasekhaya.
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ngezinzuzo nokupheka kwe-goose, izinkukhu kanye namaqanda.
Ukudla okungeziwe
Iklasi elingeziwe lihlanganisa imikhiqizo eye igcinwe izinsuku ezingaba ngu-9 ekushiseni kwama-5 ° C .... + 15 ° C. Igobolondo lala maqanda kumele lihlanzeke futhi lihlanzeke. Amaphrotheni ngaphandle kokungcola, obukhulu, obukhanyayo nobala. I-yolk e-ovoscope ayibonakali kahle, itholakala phakathi, ngokushintshaniswa akumele kubonwe ukunyakaza kwayo okubonakalayo. Ikamelo lomoya lihleliwe, ukuphakama kwalo akudluli 4 mm. 
Ukudla kweBanga A
Leli klasi lihlanganisa imikhiqizo egcinwe okungengaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-28 ekushiseni kwe-+5 ° C .... + 15 ° C. Iminye imingcele yayo ihambisana nohlobo olwengeziwe, kodwa ukuphakama kwekamelo lomoya kungaba likhulu kancane - kufika ku-6 mm.
Ibanga lokudla B
Iklasi B lithola imikhiqizo yezokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe egcinwe ekushiseni kwe-0 ° C .... + 5 ° C okungenani amahora angu-24 futhi ngokusho kwezinye izindlela ayihlangabezani nezidingo zeklasi A. Lo mkhiqizo ungasetshenziswa kokubili embonini yokudla kanye nokusetshenziselwa izimboni .
Thola ukuthi ungabheka kanjani izindlela ezintsha zokuqanda amaqanda ekhaya (emanzini).
Izigaba kuye ngesisindo
Ngaphezu kwamakilasi, ukuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo ibe yizigaba kuye ngokuthi isisindo sisetshenziswe. 
Kunezigaba ezilandelayo:
- ukukhetha (noma i-XL yemikhiqizo yokuthekelisa) - isisindo seqanda elilodwa lingama-gramu angu-73 noma ngaphezulu, isisindo sezingcezu eziyishumi okungenani ama-735 amagremu;
- isigaba esiphezulu (L) sisuka ku-63 g kuya ku-72.9 g, isisindo seshumi singaphansi kuka-640 g;
- isigaba sokuqala (M) - kusuka ku-53 g kuya ku-62.9 g, ubuningi obungamaphesenti angama-540 g;
- isigaba sesibili (S) - kusuka ku-45 g kuya ku-52.9 g, ubuningi obungama-460 g;
- encane - kusuka ku-35 g kuya ku-44.9 g, isisindo seshumi singaphansi kuka-360 g.
Kubalulekile! Imikhiqizo yesigaba esithi "encane" ingaba yilawa makilasi kuphela "amakanishi" futhi "ahlile". Amaqanda anesisindo esingaphansi kuka-35 amagremu awathunyelwa ekuthengiseni.
Ukumaka
Imikhiqizo evunyelwe ukudayiswa emakethe yasekhaya ifakwe isitembu noma ifakwe. Amapayipi angabungozi asetshenziselwa lokhu. Uma umaka ekilasini "Isidlo", iklasi ("D"), isigaba, usuku lapho iqanda libekiwe (usuku nenyanga kuphela) kuboniswa. Kwezinye amakilasi, iklasi ("C") nesigaba kuboniswa. Izigaba zokumaka zimi kanje:
- "B" - ukhetha;
- "0" yisigaba esiphezulu;
- "1" - isigaba sokuqala;
- "2" isigaba sesibili;
- "M" - encane.
Uma umaka imikhiqizo yokuthekelisa, iklasi ("okungeziwe" noma "A"), isigaba ("XL", "L", "M" noma "S"), ikhodi yomkhiqizi, usuku lokubhujiswa (usuku nenyanga) lisetshenziswa. I-Class B imakwe ngombuthano nencwadi ethi "B" ngaphakathi.Uyazi? AmaShayina afundile amaqanda okukhukhumeza amaqanda. Igobolondo le-fakes yenziwa nge-calcium carbonate, okuqukethwe kuqukethe i-gelatin, amakhemikhali nezithasiselo zokudla. Ngaphandle, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa inkohliso emkhiqizo wokuqala, kodwa ukunambitheka kwayo, okuhlukile, kuhluke kakhulu nokuqala.
Izici zamaqanda ezingasetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni zokudla
Ukucubungula kuphela ezimbonini, bavumela imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- ukungcola kwegobolondo labo kudlula amanani avunyelwe amakilasi ahlukahlukene;
- isisindo esingaphansi kuka-35 amagremu;
- igobolondo inomonakalo owenziwe ngomshini (ukulimaza ohlangothini lwayo, ukuchithwa);
- kukhona ukuvuza okuyingxenye yamaprotheni, uma nje i-yolk ihambile futhi umkhiqizo ungagcinwa ngaphezu kosuku lokushisa kuka-8 ° C ... + 10 ° C;
- ngeziphambeko zegobolondo, njengokukhula, imibimbi, njll;
- ekamelweni lokuhambisa emoyeni;
- ngamachashaza amacwecwe anezindawo eziphelele ezingekho ngaphezu kwe-1/8 kwendawo yegobolondo;
- nge-yolk prischshim kugobolondo (okuthiwa "prushushka");
- ngokuxuba okuyingxenye yamaphrotheni ne-yolk ("ukuthululela");
- ngephunga langaphandle elidlulayo ngokushesha ("zapashistostost", okwakhiwa ngenkathi kugcinwa kwemikhiqizo neminye imikhiqizo enokumunuka okukhulu).
Yiziphi amaqanda anqatshelwe ukusebenzisa izidingo zokudla futhi kufanele kuthathwe njengomshado wezobuchwepheshe
Kuvinjelwe ukusebenzisa emikhiqizweni yemiboni yokudla ebhekwa njengeziphambeko zobuchwepheshe futhi iwa ngaphansi kwezici ezinjalo:
- nempilo yesheluli engaphezu kwemigomo eyakhelwe wonke amakilasi;
- "ukubola okuluhlaza" - okuqukethwe kuthola umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphunga okungajabulisi kakhulu;
- "Krasyuk" - ukuxuba okuphelele kwe-white and yolk ngenxa yegobolondo elonakalisiwe lalabo abagcina;
- ubumba ama-stain emifantwini egobolondo nasendlini yomoya;
- "izindandatho zegazi" - imithambo yegazi noma iziqu ezifanayo e-yolk noma amaprotheni;
- "Indawo enkulu" - noma yikuphi indawo engxenyeni yangaphakathi yegobolondo enezindawo ezingaphezu kwe-1/8 kwendawo yegobolondo;
- "amandla" - iphunga lesikhunta;
- "I-Mirage yeqanda" - ama-specimens angenayo i-incubator;
- "inkomishi" isikhunta noma ibhaktheriya - umkhiqizo onokudaka okunomdaka kanye nephunga elimnandi ngenxa yesikhumba ngenxa yebhaktheriya noma isikhumba esiphezulu.
Njengoba ubona, izidingo zekhwalithi yamaqanda ezinkukhu zibekiwe emigqeni enemininingwane eyanele futhi ngokucacile. Ukuqonda ukulayishwa kwalo mkhiqizo kulula, ngakho-ke uma uyithenga, udinga ukunaka imininingwane engenhla - lokhu kuzokusiza ukuba ukhethe umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ofaneleka kakhulu esimweni esithile.
