Yiziphi izibani ezidingekayo ukuze zikhanyise izithombo: izinqubo zokukhetha kanye nemishini yokufaka imishini

Ngokuvamile, lapho ukhula izithombo, abalimi abasebenzisi noma yiziphi izakhi zokukhanyisa, bacabange ukuthenga kwabo njengokungcola kwemali. Kodwa-ke, uma unamabhokisi amaningi ngezithombo kanti wonke umuntu akanalo isikhala esanele kwi-sill window, umbuzo wokukhanyisa okufakelwayo usebenza kakhulu. Izitshalo ezikhulile emthunzini zincane kakhulu futhi zibuthakathaka kunezithombo ezithola ukukhanya okwanele, ngakho-ke, kunikezwe lokhu, kunengqondo ukucabanga ngokuthenga izinto ezifanele. Ngokubekwa kahle nokukhethwa okunembile kwedivayisi yamandla, akukho ukushisa akufanele ukwesabe.

Okuqukethwe:

Izinhlobo zezibani
I-fluorescent
I-sodium
I-Mercury
I-metal halide
Ukukhanya kwe-LED
Yikuphi isibani esingcono ukusebenzisa izithombo ezikhulayo: i-fluorescent noma i-LED
Indlela yokukhetha isibani se-LED for izitshalo
Uhlobo lombala
Inani lama-LED
Amandla
Gwema i-spectrum
I-Degree yokuvikelwa
Uhlu lwamanani nomkhiqizi
Ukukhanyisa izithombo: ukubalwa kwenani lezibani
Indlela yokulungisa isibani: ibanga elivela esibani kuya ezitshalweni
Imithetho yokukhanyisa: kanjani ukuthi ungalimazi izitshalo

Kungenzeka ukugqamisa izithombo ngesibani esivamile

Isilinganiso eshibhile kunazo zonke izakhi zokukhanyisa namuhla isibani esivamile sesisindo, kodwa akufanele neze ukugqamisa izithombo. Okokuqala, ngisho nenhlobo enamandla kunayo yonke futhi ebiza kakhulu yedivaysi enjalo ngeke ikuvumele ukuba uthole inani elidingekile lokukhanyisa okubalulekile okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu ngenxa ye-spectrum encane, futhi okwesibili, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibanga elingaphezu kwezithombo ufake izibani, ingozi yokushisa namanje kakhulu. Yingakho kufanelekile ukucabangela ezinye izinketho zokuhlelwa kokukhanyisa okufakelwayo.

Uyazi? Emzini waseMelika waseLivermore (eCalifornia) kwesinye sezikhungo zomlilo kukhona isibalo esibizwa nge-centenary light bulb, esiye sakhanya cishe njalo kusukela ngo-1901. Kuphawulwe kuGuinness Book of Records njengendlela ehlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Izinhlobo zezibani

Phakathi kwezibani eziningi emakethe, izinguqulo ze-luminescent kanye ne-LED zithandwa ikakhulukazi, kodwa ukuze ziqonde kahle ukuthi zinzuzoni, kubalulekile ukutadisha izici ezinye izibani: sodium, mercury, metal halide.

I-fluorescent

Lolu hlobo lwesibani umthombo wokukhanya wokukhishwa kwegesilapho ukukhipha kagesi ku-mercury vapor kunikeza ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Ngokulandelayo, uma usebenzisa i-agent eguqukayo ekhethekile, iguqulwa ibe yizimpukane zokukhanya ezibonakalayo. Izibani ze-fluorescent zibhekwa ngempumelelo enkulu kunazo zonke kunezibani ezivamile zesikhangiso esinezilinganiso ezifanayo zamandla. Ngokufundwa okuningiliziwe kokunye izici zezibani ze-fluorescent, sithola idatha elandelayo:

Ukusebenza kahle - okungaphezulu kuka-20-22%.
Ukuphila - uma kuvuliwe izikhathi ezingaba ngu-2000, cishe iminyaka emihlanu.
Ukusebenza okukhanya - 50-80 lm / W.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla - 15-65 W / h.
Ukushisa kombala - 2700-7700 ° K (kuye ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene).

Ngokusobala, izibani ze-fluorescent zinomthamo kufanelekileNgoba abagcini nje ukunikeza ukukhanya okungaphezulu nje, kodwa futhi baphuma ama-shades ahlukahlukene, ngenkathi behlinzeka ngokukhanyisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-standard incandescent ama-bulb, izinto ezinjalo zokukhanyisa zingenza isiqiniseko sokusebenza isikhathi eside, uma ungazisebenzisi ezindaweni zomphakathi (kunomkhawulo wenombolo yezingxoxo). Ukukhanyisa kulesi simo kuzosondelana kakhulu nemvelo. Kepha ukwehluleka izibani ze-fluorescent, bese zifaka okulandelayo:

ingozi yamakhemikhali ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-mercury (kusuka cishe ku-2.3 kuya ku-1 g);
ukungalingani nokulingana kombala wemibala, ngezinye izikhathi obunzima obonakala ngombono womuntu;
ushintsho emgqeni wemibala ngenxa yokulimala kwe-phosphor (ngenxa yalokho, ukukhishwa kokukhanya kuyancipha futhi ukusebenza kahle kwehla), kodwa lokhu kuthatha isikhathi;
nge-capacitance encane ye-capacitor yesikhanyiso ingase iguqule ngokuphindaphindiwe kokuphindwe kabili kokunikezwa kwamandla;
ukutholakala kwedivaysi yokuqala, ehlinzekwa nge-starter esingaqiniseki noma i-ballast ebiza nge-electronic.

Uyazi? Okhokho balezibani zanamuhla ze-fluorescent babezinguqulo zegesi-ukukhishwa kwezibani, ezavela ngo-1856. Umuntu wokuqala okwazi ukugcina ukukhanya kwegesi ngaphansi kwethonya lamanje, wayengumsosayensi odumile uMikhail Lomonosov.

I-sodium

Ezinhlotsheni ezinjalo zokukhanyisa, umthombo wokukhanya uwukuthi imibhangqwana ye-sodiumequkethe ukukhishwa kwegesi. Ngenxa yalokhu, emisebeni yabo ekhanyayo ekhanyayo yombala okhanyayo we-orange ukhona. Yiqiniso, ikhwalithi yombala kulokhu ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi iphelele, ngoba imisebe ngokwayo ibonakala nge-monochrome. Ngokubaluleka kokucindezela okuphambene nomoya, zonke izici zokukhanyisa zihlukaniswe zibe izibani zomfutho ophansi futhi ophezulu, futhi izici zezibani zikhonjisiwe kulezi zibalo ezilandelayo:

Ukusebenza kahle - okungenani 30% (ngezibani eziphezulu ezicindezelayo).
Ukuphila komsebenzi - kufika kumahora angu-16-28 amahora.
Ukukhishwa okukhanyayo kuyi-150 lumens / watt (uma kwenzeka izibani eziphezulu zomshoshaphansi) kanye no-200 lumen / watts (ngezibani eziphansi zomshoshaphansi).
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla - 70-60 W / h.
Ukushisa kombala ngu-2000-2500 ° K.

Izici ze-spectrum yombala kanye nokwehliswa okuphawulekayo ngokuphindaphinda kabili imvamisa yokuhlinzeka kwempahla kuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwezibani ze-sodium ekukhanyeni emgwaqweni, ikakhulukazi ukuhlobisa nokuklama.

Izinzuzo Lokhu kukhetha kanje:

umsebenzi wesikhathi eside;
ukukhiqizwa kokukhanya okuphezulu phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokusebenza (ngaphansi kuka 130 lm / W kungabonwa kuphela ekupheleni kwesevisi yesikhanyiso);
imisebe ikhululekile emehlweni abantu;
kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa ekutshaleni izithombo ngezikhathi zakamuva noma ngezinye izinhloso zasekhaya.

Kepha ukwehluleka izinhlobo ze-sodium, yilokhu:

ukukhiqiza ubunzima ngenxa yobukhona be-sodium;
ikhwalithi yombala ompofu;
ukuzwela okukhulu ukuqhuma kwamaphini okuzumayo emanzini (ngokuba isebenze isikhathi eside, ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi akufanele kube ngaphezu kwama-5-10%);
isidingo semishini eyengeziwe (kufanele kube khona ukuthi kube negesi lokulawula, elikhethiwe ngokuhambisana nezici zesibani esithile);
isidingo sokulula (5-10 imizuzu) ngaphambi kokuqala kabusha;
ukuphepha okuphansi kwemvelo ngenxa yobuningi be-sodium ngaphakathi kwebani lesibani.

Mhlawumbe ngezinhloso zasemakhaya izibani ezinjalo zizofaneleka (isibonelo, ukukhanya komgwaqo), kodwa uma izithombo zikhula kunengqondo ukucabangela ezinye izinketho, ezibonakala ngokuphepha okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kanye nombala obala obala.

Kubalulekile! Imisebe ye-monochrome evela ezikhanyeni eziphezulu zokucindezela i-sodium (e-orange-yellow spectrum) izoba kufanelekile ukusheshisa inqubo yokutshala izitshalo, ngakho ngezinye izikhathi ifakwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.

I-Mercury

Izibani zokukhishwa kwaloluhlobo zikhona omunye umthombo omuhle wokukhanya, imisebe yokukhanya eyenzekayo ngenxa yokukhishwa kwamanzi omhlaba. Ngokususelwa ekucindezelweni kwegesi esibani, i-RL ikhishwa ngecindezelo ephansi, ephezulu ne-ultrahigh. Ngakho-ke, ukucindezela okuyingxenye ye-mercury vapor kusakazwa kuze kufike ku-100 Pa, kufike ku-100 kPa ne-1 MPa noma ngaphezulu.

Izitayela zezibani ze-mercury zivezwe kulezi zikhombisi ezilandelayo:

Ukusebenza kahle - okuphezulu kuka-10-12%.
Ukusebenza kwesevisi - amahora angu-10-15.
Ukukhanya okukhanya - 45-60 lumen / watt.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla - 50-400 W / h.
Ukushisa kombala - kufika ku-3800 ° K.

Lezi zinhlobo zezibani zokukhanyisa azizuzisi ngezezimali, futhi zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa izitaladi zedolobheni, izindawo zokukhiqiza nezimboni, lapho kungekho khona izidingo eziphakeme ezingeni lombala wokunikeza imibala.

Izintandokazi ukukhishwa kwegesi okwenziwe i-mercury izibani kuboniswa kulokhu okulandelayo:

ziyinkimbinkimbi;
zinekhono eliphakeme lokukhanya okukhulu;
Izikhathi ezingu-5-7 ezingaphezulu kwezomnotho kunama-standard incandescent ama-amp;
uma isetshenziswe kahle, unikeza amahora angaba ngu-15 000 okusebenza okuzinzile;
Ukunciphisa kakhulu ama-bulb ukushisa;
ukuveza imibala ehlukene;
zingasebenza ezimweni zokushisa okuphansi nokuphezulu (kusuka ku-+50 kuya ku -40 ° C).

Ukungalungi izakhi zokukhanyisa ze-mercury azibonakali kancane, zifaka:

izinga lokushisa lombala ophansi (okungaphezu kuka-3800 ° K);
ukushisa eside (7-10 imizuzu);
ukukwazi ukuphakama okukhulu ekushintsheni kwinethiwekhi;
ukukhiqizwa kombala ophansi;
Isikhathi eside sokupholisa isibani;
ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kombala, kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yesikhathi sokusebenza;
izinga eliphansi lokungeneka kwemvelo ngenxa yokutholakala kwe-mercury esakhiweni.

Njengezibani ze-sodium, izibani ze-mercury zifanelekile kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zasemakhaya, kodwa ukulima ukuphumelela kwezithombo ezingeni lokuqala zokukwazi kwabo ngeke kube ngokwanele.

Yazi kahle izici zezitshalo ezikhulayo zamakhukhamba, ama-eggplant, utamatisi, i-pepper, i-beet, anyanisi, i-zucchini, ama-strawberry, izimbali.

I-metal halide

Lezi zinhlobo, njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla, zimelela iqembu izakhi zokukhanyisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ephezulu. Nokho, ngokungafani nabo, i-halide yensimbi inikeza i-luminescence ngenxa yokwethulwa kwezithasiselo ezikhethekile emshini wokushisa - ezinye izimo zensimbi. Izici zezibani ze-halide zensimbi zivezwa ngamagama alandelayo:

Ukusebenza kahle - ukuphakama kuka-16-28%.
Ukuphila kwesevisi - amahora angu-6-10.
Ukusebenza okukhanya - 80-170 lumen / watt.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla - 70-400 W / h.
Ukushisa kombala - kusuka ku-2500 ° K (ukukhanya okuphuzi) kuya ku-20 000 ° K (ukukhanya okwesibhakabhaka).

Izibani ze-metal halide zisetshenziselwa ukukhanyisa kwangaphandle kwezakhiwo nokukhanyisa izakhi zokuhlobisa, nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezakhiweni zezimboni nezesidlangalaleni kanye nezigcawu zekhonsathi akufakiwe. Ziyoba yisisombululo esihle kakhulu ekubhekaneni nokukhanyisa nomaphi lapho udinga khona ukukhanya okubandile nezici zokubukeka njengoba kuseduze ngangokunokwenzeka emini.

Izinzuzo I-IPM ingokulandelayo:

ukukhishwa okuphezulu kokukhanya (kufika ku-170 lumen / watt);
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla;
izici eziphezulu zamandla (kuze kube ku-3500 watts);
ukusebenza okuzinzile kungakhathaliseki ukushisa;
ukulinganisela kokukhanya kokukhanya elangeni, ukuze imisebe iqondwe ngeso luntu;
usayizi omncane wesibani;
ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside.

Kuya u-cons izakhi zensimbi ze-halide zihlanganisa:

izindleko eziphakeme;
ushintsho ku-chromaticity yemisebe ngenxa yemigodi yamandla egridi yamandla;
isiqalo eside;
isidingo sesembozo sesibani esithembekile esibani (ukuphakama kwezinga eliphezulu kungaholela ekuqhumeni kwezinto).

Uyazi? U-Thomas Edison wenziwe ngama-bamboo aqoshiwe.

Ukukhanya kwe-LED

Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zithatha inguqulo ye-LED yezibani ukuze kube yisisombululo esihle sokudinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe kwezithombo. Le divayisi eyimfihlo inezinzuzo eziningi, ikakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho eziningi zokukhanyisa. Okungenani, idla ugesi oluncane, ngoba ubuchwepheshe busekelwe esimisweni esihlukile ngokuphelele semisebe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhanya okuphumayo kuseduze kakhulu nelanga lemvelo, elinomphumela omuhle ezitshalweni. Izitayela zezibani zanamuhla ze-LED zimelelwa ngamanani alandelayo:

Ukusebenza kahle - okungenani 99%.
Ukuphila komsebenzi - kufika emahoreni angu-100,000;
Ukukhanya okukhanya - 10-200 lumen / watt;
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla - 1 W / ihora (nge-diode).
Ukushisa kombala ngu-2700-6500 ° K.

Izici ezihlukahlukene zokuklama zezinto zokukhanyisa ze-LED zikuvumela ukuba uzisebenzise ngokuphelele kunoma yiziphi izindawo: isibonelo, amatheyipu angasetshenziswa kalula kwifenisha, futhi izibani zingafakwa ezingxenyeni ezivamile. Phakathi kokuyinhloko izinzuzo wabela:

ukusetshenziswa kagesi okuphansi (kuphela u-10% wokusetshenziswa kwama-standard incandescent ama);
ukuphila komsebenzi omude ngaphandle kokuncipha okukhulu kwezinga lemisebe;
ukuphikiswa okukhulu ekucindezelekeni komshini;
ubungane bemvelo (ama-LED awadingi izinto ezilimazayo);
ithuba lokulawula ukuqina kokukhanya;
umthamo ophansi esimweni sokusebenza;
ukushisa okusheshayo kuze kufike ukukhanya okukhulu;
ukungabi nokushisa okunzima kwecala.

Okubalulekile ukwehluleka Kodwa ama-LED awafanelekile abone ukuzwela kwawo ekushiseni okuphakeme (okungeke kusetshenziswe ekugezeni nase-saunas), ukungabi nolwazi oluphelele mayelana nezici emaphaketheni, kodwa lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa yokungathembeki kwabakhiqizi.

Funda futhi mayelana nokulungiselela inhlabathi yezithombo: imithetho eyisisekelo yokulungiselela inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, ukukhulelwa kwenhlabathi, izithombo ezikhulayo ephepheni lezindlu zangasese.

Yikuphi isibani esingcono ukusebenzisa izithombo ezikhulayo: i-fluorescent noma i-LED

Ngemuva kokucubungula zonke izinhlobo zokukhanyisa izimboni ezikhanyayo, ngokubona kwethu, kuphela ezimbili zazo ezingabizwa ngokuthi: I-LED ne-fluorescent. Izinhlobo ze-gas-release (mercury, sodium ne-metal halide) azikwazi njalo ukunikeza izimo ezidingekayo zezitshalo. Isibonelo, emanzini e-mercury, ukukhanya kokukhanya kufinyelela izikhathi eziphindwe kabili kunabanye, futhi i-sodium ngenxa yokukhanya okukhanyayo okuphuzi ne-orange kulungele izimbali nokukhanyisa izitshalo ezikhathini zokugcina ukulima.

Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo ze-sodium zezibani azikwazi ukuxhunywa ngokushesha kulelo dolobha, zinokuxhumana okukhethekile.

Ngokuqondene nezakhi zokukhanyisa zensimbi-metal, lokhu kuyindlela ebiza kakhulu, futhi kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ezimweni lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwemifino kungcono, kunokuba kube nezimbali. Ama-incandescent ama-prandescent angejwayelekile akufanele acatshangelwe, ngoba esikhundleni sezitshalo ezifunayo ze-spectrum ebomvu okwesibhakabhaka, ziphuma ezibomvu ezibomvu, zisheshe zishise futhi azihambisani nendawo yonke.

Njengoba kunikezwe konke okushiwo ngenhla, kunengqondo ukucabangela izinketho ezimbili zokukhanyisa izithombo: ukusebenzisa izibani ze-fluorescent ne-LED. Eyokuqala ihlukaniswa umbukwane ogcwele we-luminescence (okuyiqiniso, ngokukhetha okulungile nokuxhumeka), kanti okwesibini kubonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ukhethe ukuhluka okuhlukile kwento yokukhanyisa kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthukiswa kwembewu: okokuqala, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanele ube mkhulu, futhi umuntu obomvu-orange kufanele ahlanganise. Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-LED anezici ezithandekayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhi zokukhanyisa izibani, kodwa umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ngokubaluleka kwendawo efanele. Uma isibhamu sokukhanya kwe-LED sizoqondiswa ngqo ebhokisini, futhi isibani sophethiloli esindisa amandla sisimeme kakhulu, khona-ke kusobala ukuthi ukukhanya okuvela kuyo kuzosakazwa, futhi kungabi yizihlahla. Kodwa-ke, izakhi zokukhanyisa ze-LED zibhekwa njengezithandwa namuhla, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukuzihlola ngokuseduze.

Sikukwazisa ukuba ufunde ngokwenza uhlaka lwakho lwezinkuni zezithombo ezikhulayo.

Indlela yokukhetha isibani se-LED for izitshalo

Ngokungafani nezinye izibani eziningi, iqembu le-LED linokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziningi ezihlukahlukene, okungahle kuvezwe nezici ezisebenzayo.

Uhlobo lombala

Ekubukeni, ukuklama kwe-LED kukhanyisa izibani (ikakhulukazi nxazonke nezikwele), ama-light avamile (ahlolwe phansi) kanye nama-LED amathrekhi angabanjelwa noma yikuphi. Amafomu adumile afaka phakathi "ummbila", "i-flask" nama-tubes LED (ikakhulukazi i-T8 noma i-G13).

I-LED isimo amashubhu - isisombululo esihle uma udinga ukushintsha kancane isibani se-fluorescent, ngoba izakhi ezintsha zihambelana ngokuphelele nosayizi wazo kanye nendawo yabathintana nabo (ama-LED abekwe ebhodini lonke ubude besibani). Umdwebo wamathambo we-Tubular amaflask - uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwesibani olutholakala kokubili ama-SMD ne-COB LEDs. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukukhanya kwe-matte, okuqinisekisa ukuhlakazeka okuhle kwezimpukane zokukhanya. Futhi okukhethwa kukho okukhangayo kungaba yizinhlobonhlobo ezinama-LED ama-filament, abukeka afana kakhulu nezibani ezijwayelekile ze-incandescent, ama-LED amade kuphela athatha indawo yama-spirals. Amakhamera Wembewu igama layo lisuka ekujuleni kwe-cylindrical nangaphezulu, elimbozwe ngama-SMD-LEDs. Lo mklamo wezinto zokukhanyisa uvumela ukusatshalaliswa okuhle kwezimpukane zokukhanya kanye namandla aphezulu esibani ngokwawo. Isibani "ummbila" Uma ukhetha i-LED yokukhanyisa, kubalulekile ukucabangela uhlobo lwesisekelo (Yebo, uma singakhulumi nge-tape).

Zihlukaniswe ngezihlobo ezilandelayo:

Standard (echazwe ngencwadi ethi "E" futhi ikhombise uhlobo lwesibisi esiqongelela). Izinombolo eceleni kwencwadi - ububanzi bekhanda, ngaphambili eyayingasetshenziswa ukukhuphula ama-incandescent ama-bulb avamile. Ekhaya, izisekelo ze-E27 noma ze-E14 zivame kakhulu, futhi ama-diameter amakhulu atholakala emgwaqweni (E40).

Разъём GU10 представлен двумя штырьками с небольшими утолщениями на концах (G - штырьковый, U - утолщение концов, 10 - пространство между штырьками). Общая конструкция напоминает строение стартера, использующегося в старых газоразрядных световых источниках. Izibani ezinalolu hlobo lwendlu encane zibhekene nentshonalanga yokubhukuda futhi zisetshenziselwa kakhulu njengesibani sokubamba nge-reflector.

Ukufaka esikhundleni sezingxenye ze-halogen, i-G4, G9, i-GU5.3, i-GU10, i-GX 53 izisekelo ezisetshenzisiwe. Njengezinguqulo zangaphambilini, inombolo yikhawulo ebangeni phakathi kwezingxenye zephini.
Njengengxenye yamathuluzi e-quartz elayini ekukhanyeni, i-R7s base-LED ingasetshenziswa, futhi esikhundleni sezinto ezihlangene ze-fluorescent, uhlobo lwesisekelo kufanele lubhalwe njenge-G23.
Ama-caps we-G13 ne-G5 azofaka esikhundleni somlingani we-fluorescent nomzimba we-T8 no-T5.

Kubalulekile! Uma uhlela isikhala sezithombo, isisekelo se-GX 53 sizofaneleka, ngoba izibani ezinesixhumanisi esinjalo ziphezulu kakhulu futhi zikhanyisiwe ezifenini noma etafuleni.

Inani lama-LED

Izimboni ze-LED zanamuhla zezitshalo zingaba nobubanzi obuhlukile bombala (obomvu kuya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Lona ngu-10: 3, no-15: 5, no-5: 1. Okukhethwa kukho okuhle kakhulu ezimweni eziningi kubhekwa njengokugcina, lapho kune-1 eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngama-bulb ama-LED ama-red. Yiqiniso, isixazululo esinjalo singabizwa ngokuthi siphumelele kuphela uma izithombo zikhona efasiteleni futhi zithola izibani ezengeziwe ezivela emgwaqweni. Ngokuqondene nenani eliphelele lama-LED, leli nani lizoxhomekeka endaweni yokutshala kwakho emabhodini nezibuko. Ngesikwele esingu-1. m ngokuvamile uvame amandla 30-50 W LED, okungukuthi, izingcezu ezingu-30-50 zama-LED we-1 W ngamunye. Kodwa-ke, lezi zindinganiso zizosebenza kuphela uma kuziwa ekukhanyeni okungeziwe kwezithombo kwi-sill window, ngaphandle kwalokho inani lezindidi kuzodingeka landa.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokukhetha isitshalo esifanele sembewu kanye nezinzuzo zokusebenzisa amakhasethi, amaphilisi we-Peat kanye nama-diapers.

Amandla

Ukukhanya kwemisebe ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ezimeni zamandla zezibani ze-LED. Ngakho, izakhi zokukhanyisa zika-2-3 W zinganikeza ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwama-250 lm, 4-5 W - 400 lm, no-8-10 W-700 lm. Kodwa-ke, lezi zikhombisi azanele ezitshalweni eziningi, ngakho-ke sincoma ukugxila emandleni ka 25-30 W, okuvumela ukuthi uthole ama-2500 lm. Uma kunesidingo, ungafaka izibani eziningi ezinjalo.

Gwema i-spectrum

Cabanga ngomphumela wezinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebe emasikweni:

Okubomvu (ama-720-600 nm ubude) nemisebe yama-orange (620-595 nm) yimithombo emikhulu yamandla we-photosynthesis ephumelelayo, futhi kuzo kubo ukuthi izinga lokushintsha kwazo zonke izinqubo ngaphakathi kwenqubo lithembele. Inani eliningi ngokweqile lemishanguzo liyophuza ukuguqulwa kwesitshalo kwisigaba sokuqhakaza;
Imigwaqo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-violet (490-380 nm) banesibopho sokukhiqiza amaprotheni emasikweni kanye nokusheshisa izimbali;
imisebe ye-ultraviolet (315-380 nm) ukunciphisa izinga "lokuphoqelela" izitshalo futhi lenze iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni amavithamini ngamanye, kanti imifanayo efanayo ne-wavelength yama-280-315 nm yandisa ukuqina kwabo kweqhwa;
ukuphuzi (595-565 nm) nohlaza (565-490 nm) ukushisa kwemisebe akusho neze umthelela emisebenzini ebalulekile yezitshalo futhi akuthwali izinzuzo ezibalulekile.

Ukucabangela kwazo zonke lezi zici kuyadingeka ekukhethweni okufanele kokukhanyisa. Izitshalo ezijwayelekile ezikhanyayo ze-LED ziseduze kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwemvelo futhi zihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo zezitshalo, kodwa uma ufuna ukuthi ungathenga izibani ezibizwa nge "multispectrum" izibani. Ngokusho kwabakhiqizi, lezi zitshalo zenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezithombo futhi zisekele kangcono kunemithombo evamile evamile.

Ingabe kunengqondo ukukhokhisa ngokweqile uma uthenga isibani esinjalo - kunzima ukuphendula, ngoba ngisho ne-LED evamile, izithombo zikhula kahle. Into kuphela ongayifuni ukuyikhohlwa ukubonakala emisebeni yomsindo obomvu nombala obomvu, kanye nokubekwa kahle kwezakhi zokukhanyisa.

Kubalulekile! Ukukhanya ngokweqile kubangela ukubhujiswa okuncane kwe-chlorophyll, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuphuza amapheshana. Uma ungenzi izithombo ze-pritenit zingabangela ukushisa.

I-Degree yokuvikelwa

Zonke izinhlobo ezikhona zezinto zokukhanyisa ze-LED zikhiqizwa ngezinhloso ezehlukene, ngakho akumangazi ukuthi ngamunye wabo angaba nesembozo sakhe sokuzivikela egobolondo. Yizinga lokuvikelwa okwenza kube lula ukucacisa ukuthi isibani singafakwa ngaphandle, egumbini elinothuli noma elincane, noma echibini.

Ngokujwayelekile le nkhomba imakwe ngumenzi wephakheji nge-LED futhi iqukethe izinombolo ezimbili: owokuqala ubonisa isigaba sokuvikelwa ngothuli nokulimala komshini, kanti owesibili ubonisa izinga lokuvikelwa emanzini. Amanani anembile kakhulu wezibani ze-LED anikezwa etafuleni:

Uhlu lwamanani nomkhiqizi

Ukusebenza kwezibani ze-LED kanye nomsebenzi wesikhathi eside wesikhathi somsebenzi wabo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekukholweni okuhle komkhiqizi, ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha into ethile yokukhanyisa, kufanelekile ukunaka le nkomba. Enye yezinkampani ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi ezivivinyiwe isikhathi eside yi-Optogan, i-Optocouplers, i-Artleds evela eRussia, no-Agilent Technologies, umkhiqizi odumile emhlabeni oye waveza izibani ezichazwe iminyaka.

I-Optek Technology, i-Edison, i-Philips i-Lumileds, i-Toshiba, ehlinzeka ngezinto zokukhanyisa zokucushwa okuhlukahlukene kakhulu kumthengi, kubhekwa njengabahlinzeki abaziwa kahle ngemikhiqizo ye-LED.

Ngokuqondene namanani, konke kuxhomeke kohlobo lomkhiqizo (isibani, isibani noma i-ribbon) nezici zalo zamandla: ungasebenzisa njengezigidi ezimbalwa zamaRandi, futhi eziningana.

Ukuntuleka kokukhanyisa kunomthelela omubi kuzimbali zasendlini: ukuguquka kwesimo sabo nokukhula kwesilinganiso, izingxenye zezitshalo zikhubazekile. Kulesi simo, udinga ukunakekelwa kokukhanyisa okwengeziwe.

Ukukhanyisa izithombo: ukubalwa kwenani lezibani

Ukukhetha isibani esihle se-LED akuqinisekisi umphumela oyifunayo, njengoba isibani esisodwa asikwazi ukubhekana nezitshalo eziningi. Uma unamabhokisi ambalwa, kungcono ukuthi uqale ubala inombolo edingekayo yezici zokukhanyisa, ucabange izici ezilandelayo:

uhlobo lwesitshalo olukhulile kanye nesidingo sokukhanya (ngokuvamile inani le-6000 lux lanele);
i-angle yokufakwa kwesibani (evunyelwe kokubili ukubeka okuqondile nokuma);
ibanga ukusuka ebangeni kuze kube phezulu kwesipula;
indawo ofuna ukuyikhanyisa.

Sinikeza isibonelo sokubala okulungile kumatamatisi. Ukukhanyisa okusezingeni eliphezulu kwezithombo ezisebhodini lika 0.6 metres square. M kuzodinga u-5000 lux, ngakho-ke kuzande leli xabiso ngendawo ekhona yamasimu (0.6 sq. m.) futhi sithola u-3000 lm - inani le-flux ekhanyayo yesikhashana esithile. Isibani ngokwayo singabekwa ngokuzungezile, kude no-15-20 cm ukusuka endaweni yokutshala.

Kubalulekile! Iphesenti elithile le-flux ekhanyayo ingafakwa ezindongeni nasezintweni ezifakwe ekamelweni, ikakhulukazi uma umthombo wokukhanya ungude nezitshalo. Ukuze uhlawulele lokhu kulahlekelwa, kuyadingeka ukuthenga isibani 10-30% esinamandla kakhulu.

Indlela yokulungisa isibani: ibanga elivela esibani kuya ezitshalweni

Izibani zanamuhla sezivele zithengiswa nazo ukuphakama okulungele, futhi nje kufanele uzibophe ngezikrini ukwesekwa. Uma kunokwenzeka, okumele kwenziwe kunikezwe lezo zinhlobo ezizovumela kamuva ukuphakama kwesibani ukuthi kulungiswe ngenxa yamaketanga anikeziwe, ngoba ngokukhula kwezithombo kungadingeka ukushintsha isimo sezinto zokukhanyisa.

Ngokwesilinganiso, isikhala samahhala esingama-25 cm kumele sigcinwe kusuka ku-LED phyto isibani kuya kwezitshalo. Lapho i-doshedivanii ihluma izibani ze-fluorescent enekhono lika-300-400 watts ngalinye lesikwele. m, ukukhanya okukwamukelekayo kuzonikezwa kuphela lapho isibani sitholakala kude no-20-30 cm. Uma izithombo zitholakala kude nefasitela futhi ukukhanya kwemvelo akungena kuwo, ngakho-ke akusase kubonakale ekukhanyeni, kodwa ukuhlanganisa okugcwele. Kulesi simo, isibani kufanele silinganiselwe ukuphakama kwama-60-70 cm, kodwa indawo eqondile ye "ukukhanyisa" iyoxhomekeka emthonjeni othanda ukukhanya. Isiyingi esilinganiselwe "sokukhanyisa" ngesilinganiso sobubanzi nokuphakama kwesibani sokumiswa kubonakala kanje:

*Ukuphakama*	*Ubuningi bomjikelezo okhanyayo fitolampa 15 W*	*Ububanzi bomjikelezo okhanyayo fitolampa 36 W*
50 cm	20 cm	40 cm
70 cm	30 cm	50 cm
100 cm	40 cm	70 cm
120 cm	45 cm	80 cm
150 cm	50 cm	90 cm
200 cm	60 cm	100 cm

Funda futhi ngomkhiqizo wokukhanyisa okulula izithombo ekhaya.

Imithetho yokukhanyisa: kanjani ukuthi ungalimazi izitshalo

Ukukhanya kokukhanya okungaphezulu kunesifiso sokuba izithombo, kanye nokuntuleka kwayo, ngakho-ke, lapho ukukhanyisa izithombo zakho kufanelekile ukunamathela imithetho ethile:

Kunconywa ukuhlwanyela imbewu ngo-Mashi noma ngo-Ephreli, uma kukhona ukukhanya okwanele (akukho isibani esingashintsha ngokuphelele ilanga).
Nge-daylength ejwayelekile yamahora angu-12 (ukukhanya njalo kushaya izithombo), izibani azikwazi ukufakwa, futhi ukwandisa ukukhanya, mane ufake izikrini ezibukeka (isibonelo, isikhumba, isibuko noma ishidi elimhlophe) eceleni kwamabhokisi.
Uma ukukhanyisa kusenziwa, kubalulekile ukucabangela ushintsho lwe-photoperiods: imini nobusuku. Izimila kufanele zijwayele umbuso, ngoba ukudlala ngokukhanya kungaba nomthelela omubi ekuthuthukiseni kwabo.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwesitshalo oluhlwanyelwe kufanele lube nemodi yokukhanyisa eyengeziwe kanye nobude be-photoperiod: isibonelo, cishe noma yimiphi imifino idinga inani elithile lokukhanya kwemvelo, kanti ezinye izimbali zikhetha i-penumbra.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kuzobe kukhanyisa izinsuku ezinamafu noma lapho bebeka amabhokisi enhlangothini enyakatho yefulethi noma indlu.

Ukunamathela kule mithetho elula nokubheka izidingo zokukhethwa nokubeka umthombo wokukhanya okufakelwayo, ngisho noma isitshalo sezitshalo se-novice sizokwazi ukukhula izitshalo eziqinile futhi ezisebenzayo ukuthi, uma zifakelwa embhede wensimu, zivumelane ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha. Izithombo ezikhulayo ngumsebenzi olula, futhi izibani ezilungile konke kuyoba lula nakakhulu.