Ikhukhamba ehlukahlukene "i-Altai" ibhekwa njengenye yemikhiqizo ephumelele kakhulu yokuzalanisa okwamanje. Le mifuno inikeza isivuno esihle, futhi iyanqanda kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo zezulu. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo eziningi ze-varietal, le hybrid iyinhlangano yonke, njengoba ingadliwa ngendlela yayo eluhlaza, futhi njengenye yezithako zazo zonke izinhlobo zezitsha nama-pickle. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abaningi namuhla banquma ukukhuphula le ikhukhamba ngesakhiwo sayo, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esinzima. Okulandelayo, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe izimfihlo eziyinhloko zokulima ngokuphumelelayo kwekhukhamba "i-Altai".
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
"I-Altai" ibhekisela kubameleli abavamile bekhukhamba yesisu, umndeni we-Pumpkin. Lesi yisitshalo esivamile semifino, okuyinto imifino yonyaka yomvini-uhlobo oluthile olusendle oluhlaza. Esigabeni, kungase kube nxazonke noma ezincane, ebusweni bayo kunezinwele eziningi ezincane, okunikeza i-pubescence ephawulekayo. Izinga lokukhula kwekhukhamba lilinganiselwe, kuncike ezintweni eziningi, ngokuyinhloko ngesimo sezulu, kanye nakwezinye izimo ezikhulayo. Ngakho-ke, ubude besitshalo semasiko ezimweni zemvelo kungashintsha ku-1-1.2 m.
Uyazi? Ukutshala amasiko kwamakhukhamba kwaqala eminyakeni engaba ngu-6 000 edlule ensimini yeChina neIndiya yanamuhla.
Amahlumela amaningana asetshenziselwa ukuqhuma, ngokuya ngezimo ezikhulayo, inani labo lihluka kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-5. Phezu kwesigamu kukhona nezinqubo ezithile, izintambo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-antennae. Ngosizo lwabo, lesi sitshalo sinamathele ekusizeni okungenhla. Zakhiwa emagqumeni e-stem, ziqala ama-3-5 ama-knot eduze nenhlabathi, zifinyelele ekugcineni phezulu. 
Amahlamvu amaningi kanye nelungiselelo elithile lenziwa emahlathini ohlangothini lwehlumela elikhulu. Kuyiziqabunga ezinkulu ezihlukene ezilinganiselwa ku-10-15 cm. I-lamina iphelele, i-lobed ne-palmate. Ohlangothini lwesitembu kukhona inothi emaphepheni, okuyisici esivela kuwo wonke amalungu ekhukhamba lomzimba. Umbala wamahlamvu uvame ukukhanya okugcwele futhi ogcwele, kepha ngesikhathi sesomiso singaphela.
Uhlelo lwempande "uhlobo lwenduku" lwe-"Altai". Ibhekwa yizimpande ezisemqoka, ezithuthukile kahle nezimpande ezincane ze-branched, ezimbozwe izinwele eziningi. Isisindo esiyinhloko sesimiso sempande sisisindo esingaba ngu-25 cm, kepha izimpande ezingezansi zomhlaba zingagcwalisa isikhala esingaba ngu-1-1.5 m ukusuka empandeni esemqoka. Esikhathini sokushisa, emswakeni ophezulu, uhlelo lwempande lufaka ngokwengeziwe izinqubo zokufinyelela (ku-axils amaqabunga, emadolweni asemini, njll).
Uyazi? Ikhukhamba ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezilinywa ngonyaka. Ubude bendawo engaphansi komhlaba yesitshalo kudlula phezulu ngenhla izikhathi eziyi-100.
Ikhukhamba yezimbali ziqala izinsuku ezingu-35-40 emva kokuhlwanyela imbewu. Izimbali ezimbalwa ezinemibala enombala ophuzi zivuthwe esitshalweni. Zihlukaniswe zaba yizinsikazi nabesilisa, ezibhekwa nge-pistil noma stamens, ngokulandelana. Izimbali zabesifazane ziningi kakhulu futhi zikhulu kunamadoda. Zitholakala eduze kwesilisa, ku-axils yesitshalo ngezingcezu ezingu-1-2, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi inombolo yabo inganda (kuye ngokuthi izimo ezikhulayo). Ukutshala impova kuyinto entomophilic, emva kokuba i-ovary oblong obuningi esakhiwe esitshalweni, okuyinto sikhula izithelo oblong nge imbewu eziningi. 
Ikhukhamba "i-Altai" ihloselwe ukulima okufuywayo kanye nezimboni endaweni yokushisa esenyakatho, ngakho-ke lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibhekwa ukuvuthwa kokuqala kanye nesikhathi esifushane sokukhula. Izithelo eziqoqiwe zihlukaniswa isethulo esiphakeme kanye nezici eziphezulu zokunambitheka. Zisetshenziselwa kokubili ifomu eluhlaza kanye nokulungiselela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zama-pickle.
Izici ezihlukahlukene zezinhlobonhlobo "ze-Altai":
- Isiqu esifushane (ngokuhlobene nezinhlobo ezihlobene);
- izinga eliphakeme lamahlamvu;
- amahlumela afushane;
- izithelo ze-gherkin;
- usayizi omncane kanye nesibonakaliso esinezithelo ezimhlophe ezisesibhakabhakeni;
- inamba encishisiwe yezinhlamvu ezitshalweni.
- high ukumelana frost;
- ukungathobeki kwezimo zenhlabathi nokubusa kwezulu;
- ukuhlushwa okusebenzayo maphakathi noJuni;
- i-universality yesithelo;
- usayizi omuhle kanye nokuma kwamakhukhamba okhethwayo;
- isivuno esikhulu isivuno;
- ukuphikiswa kwezitshalo ezinambuzane ze-powdery isikhutha kanye nomdwebo womusa wekhukhamba.
Izithelo nezivuno
Izinhlobonhlobo zinomkhiqizo ophakeme kakhulu. Kusuka ku-1 sikwele. m isikhathi sonke semifino esebenzayo ezimweni zenhlabathi evulekile ingaqoqa izithelo zika 3.5-4 kg, okungaba amathani angama-35-40 ngehektha ngalinye. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi zenzeka zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-45-50 emva kokuhluma kokuqala, kanti ukuvunwa kwenziwa okungenani izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezithelo kwenzeka ngokulinganayo, kusukela ovary kuya ekuvuthweni okugcwele, kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-8-12.
Izinhlobo ezinjalo zamakhukhamba zihlukaniswa yizivuno eziphezulu: "Bouquet", "Wonke umuntu unomhawu", "Isimangaliso saseShayina", "Ubukhulu be-Puch", "Phoenix 640", "I-Paratunka", "Isigqoko saseSiberia", "Amur f1", "IsiJalimane".
Izithelo zekhukhamba izinhlobo "Altai":
- isisindo esilinganisweni - 85-115 g;
- Ubude obude (ukuvuthwa okugcwele) - 9-11 cm;
- uhlobo lwe-oval, cornish;
- Uhlobo lesikhumba - olubushelelezi, olunomsoco, olubomvu, olune-pubescence elula emhlophe;
- umbala - ocebile, okhanyayo oluhlaza;
- isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi ngu-3.5: 1.
- ukunambitheka - kugcwale iphunga elimnandi, akukho ukufutheka;
- ukuthuthwa kwezinga eliphezulu, izithelo zifanelekile zokuhamba isikhathi eside.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Ikhukhamba evame ukuhlwanyelwa yizithombo ezikhulayo, ngakho-ke ukukhetha izinga lokutshala izinga kuyisimo esiyinhloko sokuthola izithelo ezicebile, kanye nezithelo eziphezulu nezempilo. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu, abalimi abaningi abangenalwazi banganaki ukukhetha ngokucophelela izithombo, bethemba ukwethembeka kwabadayisi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukutshala isivuno esilinde isikhathi eside kunzima ngezikhathi. 
Ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ezifanele izitshalo ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30 emva kokuhlwanyela. Ngokuvamile bahlangabezana nezidingo ezilandelayo:
- ukuphakama kwengxenye yendiza - 25-30 cm;
- ubude bendondo ye-perimeter - ayikho ngaphezu kwe-5 cm;
- Ukuqina kwamadolo-knee kusuka ku-0.5 kuya ku-1 cm;
- inani lamaqabunga - ama-5-6 ama-pcs;
- ubukhulu bamapheshana aphansi buba ngu-16 cm ububanzi.
Kubalulekile! Uma unikezwa ukuthenga izithombo ezide ngokweqile ngamagatsha aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - qiniseka ukuthi wenqaba izinto zokutshala. Lezi zitshalo zakhulile ezimweni zokuntuleka kokukhanyisa, kaningi azikwazi ukusebenza kahle.
Ezimweni ezifudumele nezifudumele, izithombo ezincane zifanelekile ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile (izinsuku ezingu-15-20). Izithombo ezinjalo zibhekwa yizici ezilandelayo:
- ukuphakama kwengxenye yensiza - 15-20 cm;
- ubude bendondo ye-perimeter - ayikho ngaphezu kwe-5 cm;
- inani lamaqabunga - ama-2-3 ama-PC.;
- ubukhulu bezitshalo ezincane cishe ngo-10-12 cm ububanzi.
Kunconywa ukuthi uthole ukutshala izinto ezitolo ezikhethekile, ngoba kunamathuba aphezulu okubhekana nezinto zokutshala izinga elibi emakethe okuzenzekelayo kanye nezitolo ze-intanethi.
Uma ukhetha izithombo, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela zonke izitshalo zokuba khona kwamathambo ahlukene, kanye nezifo. Izitshalo kufanele zibe mnandi, zigcwele uhlaza oluhlaza, ngaphandle kwezinsalela noma izilonda ze-putrid. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola ingxenye engezansi yamaqabunga, ngoba izinambuzane ezihlukahlukene zivame ukukhula kuyo (aphid, spider mite, njll).
Kumele futhi uqaphele ibhodlela, akufanele libe nomonakalo kanye nokuphazamiseka, njengoba lokhu kuyisignali enkulu yokunganakwa kwezitshalo, kanye nokulimala ohlelweni lwezintambo zethenda. Uma kunokwenzeka, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka isimo sezimpande zezithombo. Kumelwe ukuba athuthukiswe kahle, ngaphandle kokulimala kanye nezilonda. Izimpande ezifanele kufanele zigcwalise ngokuphelele i-substrate ebhodini. Lokhu kusiza ekususweni okulandelwayo kwezitshalo kusukela emathonjeni, futhi kubonisa ukukhula okuhle kokukhula kwezithombo.
I-VIDEO: INDLELA YOKUKHETHA ISIKHATHI ESIKHULU Kwezinye izimo, abakhiqizi abangekho emthethweni bavula izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokukhula okukhulayo kanye nokukhulelwa okukhulayo kwezithombo ngamaminerali amaminerali, okukhulisa kakhulu izinga lokukhula kanye nokuthuthukisa izici zabo zokuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, izithombo ezinjalo ngokuvamile aziphikisanga nazo zonke izinselele zemvelo, okuholela ekufeni kwayo. Ukuqaphela izitshalo ezinjalo kulula. Banikezwa umthunzi ohlaza okwedlulele (uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izithombo), kanye nokuphazamiseka kancane kwamaqabunga ekuqondiseni uhlelo lwempande (ngenxa ye-oversaturation ne-nitrogen).
Izithombo ezitholakalayo zidinga ukufakwa endaweni engapheli phakathi namahora ambalwa emva kokuthenga. Uma kuhlelwe ukuthuthwa ibanga elide, izitshalo kufanele zivikelwe ekumeni. Ukwenza lokhu, badinga ukuhleleka ngezikhathi ezithile nge-spray.
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, ikhukhamba ayiyona yamasiko angenakuqhathaniswa, ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuba sikhulume lesi sitshalo ngokuphumelela cishe kunoma yiziphi izinsiza. Kodwa ukuze uthole isivuno esicebile kakhulu, kufanele unakekele izimo ezikhululekile kakhulu kwezitshalo. Ngokwesiko, "i-Altai", njengezinye izinhlobo, idinga inhlabathi evundile kakhulu futhi enothile kahle, ngokuqukethwe okuphansi kwamakhemikhali e-nitrogenous. 
Inketho engcono kunazo zonke ingumxube wokufakelwa ohlanganisa izingxenye ezilinganayo ze-humus, i-peat, i-sod ne-sawdust. Kodwa ukufezekisa i-substrate ephelele kungakhula kahle enhlabathini enhlabathi noma e-loamy. Ungaphinda futhi ukhule ngempumelelo isiko kunoma yimuphi omunye umhlabathi onobuningi obukhulu nokukhanya. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngosizo lwesihlabathi esilula, esihlanjululwa ngezingxenye ezinzima kakhulu.
Esinye sezimo eziyinhloko zokutshala izitshalo yi-pH yenhlabathi. Ukhukhamba awubekezelelisi amagagasi acidic, ngakho-ke ngisho ne-acidification encane yenhlabathi ingabangela ukuvimbela ukukhula ngisho nokufa kwezitshalo. Okuhle kunakho konke, i-asidi yenhlabathi iphakathi kuka-6.5-8. Hlola inkomba ngezinkomba ezikhethekile zenhlabathi.
Ukuvunwa okuhle kwezitshalo kuncike ebuhleni bomhlabathi, ngakho kufanele ufunde indlela yokunquma ukuthi i-acidity ekhaya iyini nokuthi kanjani, uma kunesidingo, ukucosa inhlabathi.
Kubalulekile ukulalela ukunqunywa kwesiko. Ikhwalithi enkulu kakhulu ikhula u-anyanisi, iklabishi, utamatisi, i-legumes kanye ne-sideratov. Akufanele ukhule isiko ngemuva kwabameleli bomndeni wePumpkin (ithanga, ikhabe, i-zucchini, njll), futhi akufanele usebenze ekutshalweni kwamakhukhamba endle.
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala le mifino inguquko yokuvunwa kweminyaka engama-4:
- ikhukhamba - isiko esiyinhloko;
- amazambane okuqala - owokuqala kuqala;
- anyanisi - eyesibili eyandulela;
- i-beetroot - isandulela sesithathu.
Ngokulungiselela inhlabathi ukutshala ukhukhamba resort kusukela ekwindla, emva kokuvuna isivuno sokugcina. Ngalesi sikhathi, isayithi kudingeka lisuse izinsalela zesiko esidala, kanye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo, bese zifaka umhlabathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ku-1 sikwele. Insimu yendawo okumele uyenze kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-6 kg wefriji noma i-humus kanye ne-30 g yanoma imuphi umxube we-potassium-phosphorus. Ukuze unike ukukhanya emhlabathini owomile, isihlabathi esilinganisweni sibalwa ngesilinganiso se-1-2 amabhakede ngehora elilodwa lesikwele. m
Uma kunesidingo, qinisa i-substrate ukuya esimweni sokungathathi hlangothi noma sobuthakathaka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ku-1 sikwele. Umkhakha wanikela kusukela ku-200 kuya ku-500 g wezinkuni, ugoki, ufulawa wama dolomite noma i-liquid hydrated. Emva kwalokho, inhlabathi iyalinywa kahle futhi ishiywe yodwa kuze kufike intwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile! Akudingekile ukulinganisa inhlabathi ehlwanyelwe ekwindla njengoba kufanele ifakwe kahle. Lokhu kuzonciphisa amathuba okuba izitshalo zihlolele zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane kanye nezifo emhlabathini, kanye nokubhubhisa imbewu yokhula.Isigaba esilandelayo sokulungisa insimu yokutshala ukhukhamba kuqala entwasahlobo, amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala. Kulesi sigaba, le ndawo isetshenziselwa ukufaka umquba omanyolo. Indima yayo idlala yinhlanganisela ye-3 kg yama-humus, ama-250 g wamalahle achotshoziwe kanye no-50 g kunoma yikuphi umanyolo obunzima we-mineral okumele ukhethe, ukusetshenziswa komshini osebenzayo kungaba ngu-3 kg / sq. m. Khona-ke inhlabathi kumele ilandelwe ukujula kwe-10-15 cm, bese iphakanyiswa endaweni yesayithi.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Naphezu kokumelana nesithwathwa, i-Altai ikhukhamba isengabameleli bezifunda ezishisayo ezisezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni ezishisayo, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sidinga ikakhulukazi ukushisa nomswakama. Okuhle kunazo zonke lezi zitshalo zizwa ezindaweni ezivulekile futhi ezikhanyisiwe, ngakho kufanele zikhule kude nemithi ende futhi zonke izinhlobo zezakhiwo zensimu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlwanyela kufanele kunikezwe izakhiwo ezisekelayo ezibavikela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomonakalo. 
Ukuze kube nokukhula okunethezeka kwekhukhamba, ukushisa kwansuku zonke isilinganiso okungenani +20 ° C kuyadingeka. Phakathi nosuku, kufanele kube ngaphakathi + 25-28 ° С, futhi ebusuku akufanele iwele ngaphansi kwe-+18 ° С. Kule modeli, izimo ezikhululekile kakhulu ze-fruiting ziyadalwa, kusukela ekushiseni okungezansi +16 ° C, i-ovary kwimifino ayifaki.
Kumelwe ivikeleke ekutshalweni nasekushiseni, izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-35-40 ° C elivimbela ukukhula kwawo, kanye ne-fruiting. Kufanelekile ukuphawula lokho ukhukhamba uthanda umswakama ophezulu (80-90%). Iqinisa ukukhula kwezitshalo, futhi iphinde ikhuthaze i-fruiting esebenzayo. Yingakho ukuhluma kwemifino kudinga ukuchelela njalo, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zesomiso.
Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya
Izithombo ezikhulayo zalesi siko semifino zibandakanya izigaba eziningana. Imbewu kufanele ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili, futhi inikeze izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula okusheshayo nokunakekelwa okudingekayo. Ukugcinwa kahle kwazo zonke izimo ze-agrotechnical kwenza kube lula ukuthola izitshalo ezinempilo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-fruiting yabo yesikhathi eside.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ukulungiselela imbewu yekhukhamba izithombo ziqala izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kosuku olulinganisiwe lokuhlwanyela. Okokuqala udinga ukunquma ukuthi iminyaka yenzani. Akunconywa ukuhlwanyela imbewu entsha, njengoba imbewu yeminyaka engu-2-4 ubudala ikhula kakhulu. Imbewu kufanele ihlolwe ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza, ngoba lokhu kuthululwa kwisitsha esingenalutho esingenalutho futhi sigcwele isisombululo se-saline ka-3%, esilungiselelwe ngesisekelo sosawoti etafuleni. Izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu kancane kancane zihlala phansi, zingenalutho, zingenayo i-embryo, zihamba ngaphezu kwefilimu yamanzi.
Ngokuvamile imbewu yekhwalithi ayidingi ukwelashwa okhethekile, kodwa ngokulandelana Ukuvikela izithombo ezinhlobonhlobo zezifo, imbewu kumele ichithe. Inqubo yenziwa ngokusebenzisa isisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate noma u-70% utshwala. Imbewu igcinwe emanzini okubulala inzalo imizuzu engu-25, emva kwalokho ihlanjululwe ngokuphelele ngamanzi afudumele. 
Ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, imbewu ehlwanyelwe kuqala ihluma. Ukwenza lokhu, basakazwa ngendwangu ehlanzekile yekotini noma i-gauze ebangeni lika-1 cm komunye nomunye, ehlanganiswe phezulu ngendwangu efanayo yezinto ezibonakalayo, bese efakwa esitsheni esingenalutho ekhishini futhi ehambelana namanzi afudumele. Kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ekushiseni kwe-20-25 ° C, imbewu inikeza ihlumela elincane cishe ngo-3-4 mm ubude, emva kwalokho likulungele ukuhlwanyelwa endaweni engaphansi.
Okuqukethwe nendawo
Hlwanyela imbewu enzimbini ezincane ezihlukene ngokujula okungaphezu kuka-12 cm. Amakhasethi ekhethekile egadidi noma amapulangwe epulasitiki afanelekile kulezi zinhloso, kodwa lapho engekho, ungasebenzisa nezinkomishi zeplastiki ezilahlayo. I-substrate ezimbizeni ezigxilwe kakhulu, kodwa ngaphandle kokunye, izitshalo ezincane zidinga inhlabathi evulekile futhi enomoya omuhle. Njengoba inhlabathi yezithombo, ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi umhlabathi olungiselelwe izitshalo zemifino esitolo esiseduze se-hardware. 
Kodwa kungcono ukulungisa inhlabathi ngezandla zakhe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlanza inhlabathi ye-turf, isihlabathi, i-peat ne-vermiculite (1: 1: 1: 1), noma ulungise ingxube yomquba obolile, umhlaba wehlabathi kanye nesihlabathi (6: 3: 1). Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, ikhukhamba ayibekezelelisi i-acidification yenhlabathi, ngakho-ke, uma kunesidingo, ama-substrates anjalo kufanele alkalized nge-chol noma i-hydrated lime. Okudingekayo ukuze inhlabathi enjalo ibe yindlala, okusiza amahlumela amancane ukuba agweme ukutheleleka kwefungal. Kuze kube sekugcineni, i-substrate elungile ithululelwa emgqeni we-1.5 cm ku-container flat futhi igwetshwe kuhhavini ku-+120 ° С imizuzu engu-45.
Kubalulekile! Ikhukhamba izithombo zibekezelela kakhulu imvula ye-substrate, ngakho-ke imbobo yokugeleza kufanele ihlinzekwe ebhodweni lezithombo.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kuchitha amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngokuvamile lesi sikhathi siwela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha emhlabathini, okungenani amaqabunga ama-2-3 weqiniso kufanele akhiwe ezitshalweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izithombo kufanele zenze uhlelo olujulile nolunamandla. 
Inzalo ngayinye ihlwanyelwa kwisitsha esisodwa, kuyimfuneko yokukhuphula izithombo zekhukhamba. Uhlelo lwempande lamahlumela angomakhelwane lungabhidliza phakathi kwabo, ngakho-ke noma iyiphi inqubo yokwehlukana kwezithombo ingabangela ukufa kwabo. 
Imbewu elungiselelwe ngaphambili futhi ehlwanyelwe ihlwanyelwa endaweni encane encane ibe yinkimbinkimbi ka 1.5-2 cm, emva kwalokho ivalwe ngokuqinile ngqimba lomhlabathi mayelana nobubanzi obuyi-1 cm. indawo efudumele futhi ekhanyayo. 
Ezimweni zomswakama omuhle nokushisa (cishe +25 ° C) zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10, amahlumela okuqala akhule ngokugcwele avela. Ngemuva kwalokho, izindawo zokukhosela zisusiwe ezimbizeni futhi zithuthela endaweni efudumele, ekhanyisiwe ukuze kuqhubeke ukukhula.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Ukunakekela amahlumela amancane cishe akufani nokulima kwezithombo zezitshalo nezinye izithelo. Izimila ziqukethe endaweni efudumele, ekhanyisiwe ngesikhathi sokushisa kwamalanga kusukela ku-+20 ° C kuya ku-23 ° C nobusuku obuseduze ne-+18 ° C. Nciphisa inhlabathi njengoba kudingeka, ngemuva kokubonakala kwekhasi elincane elomile phezu kwalo, kodwa hhayi ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili ngesonto. Ukunisela kuyenziwa ngamanzi kampompi ahlanzekile newomfudumele (cishe ngo -22 ° C), ngoba izinguquko ngokungazelelwe kokushisa kunomphumela omubi ekukhuleni kwezithombo.
Izithombo nazo zidinga ukukhanyisa okudingekayo ngezibani ze-fluorescent, ngokuqondene nokukhula kwezitshalo ezinempilo, isikhathi sokukhanya kufanele sibe okungenani amahora angu-14. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izibani zensimu ezikhethekile noma isibani esivamile. Izithombo azidingi ukondla okweziwe ngalesi sigaba, ngakho-ke ziyasebenzisa le nqubo kuphela emva kokuba izitshalo ezincane zitshalwe enhlabathini evulekile.
Kubalulekile! Uma ungenalo ikhono lobuchwepheshe lokungezelela ukugqamisa izithombo, izitshalo kumele zithuthelwe endaweni epholile ngokushisa okungaba ngu-+15 ° C, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoholela ekusweleni ngokweqile nokunciphisa isitshalo sabo.
Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, izithombo ziyagibela embizeni entsha. Inqubo yenziwa kanye kanye kuphela uma uhlelo lwempande lwezithombo selugubungele ngokuphelele i-substrate yonke. Lokhu kunganqunywa umgodi wokugeleza. Uma nje izimpande ezincane ziphuma kuwo - udinga ukuhambisa ngokushesha izithombo endaweni ejulile. Noma yikuphi ubumba bezitshalo ezifanelekile njengebhodini, kanti ubukhulu be-tank entsha ububanzi kufanele bube ngu-3-4 cm ububanzi kunombhobho endala.
Cishe ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo kusayithi, ngokuqinisekile bayagwazwa. 
Le nqubo ikwandisa amathuba okuba izithombo zenzeke kalula, futhi zinike ithuba lokulungiselela ukupholisa okubukhali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, phakathi nesonto, izimbiza zamakhukhamba zenziwa nsuku zonke emoyeni ovulekile. Isikhathi sokuqala izitshalo zidluliselwa emgwaqweni osondele phakathi nosuku, amahora angu-2-3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubude besikhathi izithombo zihlala emoyeni zanda kancane kancane, kuze kuqhubekele ngokugcwele ezimweni zemvelo. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili zokuhlala ngokuqhubekayo emoyeni obala, izitshalo zilungele ukuthuthela embhedeni wensimu.
Ukutshala izithombo phansi
Emva kokuqala kuka-2-3 kulawa maqabunga avela ezitshalweni, zifakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile. Uma ikhukhamba ikhulile esimweni sezulu esibandayo, kufanele ulinde kuze kuvele amaqabunga ama-5-6 ezinhlathini, ngaphandle kwalokho angase afe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo endaweni enomphela, kufanele nakanjani ulinde isikhathi esihle kulokhu. Okokuqala, kungabikho kwemvula enamandla futhi izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke likhulu kakhulu ku-+18 ° С. Ngokuvamile le nkathi iwela phakathi nendawo yesibili kaMeyi. Izitshalo zenziwa kusihlwa kusukela ngo-18: 00 kuya ku-20.00, ngoba ilanga elikhanyayo lingabangela ukulimaza izitshalo ezivuthiwe.
Hlola izinhlobo eziningi ezingavamile zamakhukhamba.
Ikhukhamba encane itshalwe enhlabathini ehlwanyelwe kahle futhi ehlanjwe ngokucophelela, kude nezihlahla, ezihlahleni kanye nezakhiwo zensimu ezindaweni ezivulekile nezelanga. Izithombo ezitshaliwe kude no-25-30 cm kusuka komunye nomunye emigqeni eqondile engaba ngu-15 cm ejulile, enokuhlukanisa umugqa wama-50-60 cm. 
Ikhukhamba isithombo sitshalo isitshalo encane ngesimiso izimpande obunzima, ngakho udinga ukususa ngokucophelela kusuka ezimbizeni engadini. Ngenxa yalokhu, inhlabathi ebhodweni ivinjelwa ngokuqinile, okusiza ukugcizelela ngokuphelele i-substrate kuze kube nokuvumelana okufisayo. Ngemva kwalokho, emaphethelweni amabhodwe ngamakhukhamba amancane aqiniswa kancane phezu kobuso, okusiza ukuhlukanisa i-substrate ebhodweni. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokunyakaza okukhanyayo ukukhanya, okuqukethwe kwembiza kukhishwa.
Kubalulekile! Ukususa umhlaba kusukela ohlelweni lwempande yezithombo akuvumelekile, njengoba lokhu kuzolimaza uhlelo lwaso lwempande.
Izitshalo ezithathiwe, kanye nenhlabathi, zihlala emigqeni, emva kwalokho zihlanganiswe ngokuqinile enhlabathini. Endabeni yokutshala izitshalo emhlabathini owomile kakhulu, izithombo zihlanganiswa ne-humus ne-sod land (1: 1), lokhu kusiza ukuqinisa ukukhula kwabo. Ngemva kokutshala, imibhede ithathelwa kakhulu ngamanzi futhi ishiya yedwa kuze kube yilapho umswakama ubambelele ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, qhubeka nokufakwa kwezakhiwo zokusekela izitshalo ze-garter. 
Uma kunendlela epholile yokupholisa ebusuku, emibhedeni ihlomisa indawo yokuhlala yokuzivikela. Ukwenza lokhu, kuzo zonke izindawo, zonke izinto ezikhethekile zensimbi noma izinto zokhuni zikhuphuka, phezu kwalapho kufakwe ifilimu ye-polyethylene ebonakalayo. Ebusuku, imiphetho yefilimu ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile ngenhlabathi. Lokhu kuholela ekukhanyeni "komphumela wokushisa okushisa", ongathuthukisa izinga lokushisa elingaphakathi kwesakhiwo.
Ama-Agrotechnics akhula imbewu evulekile
Namuhla, ukutshalwa kwamakhukhamba ngokukhula kokutshala izinto ngqo enhlabathini evulekile kuthola ukuthandwa okwandayo minyaka yonke. Lolu hlelo lokusebenza lwezolimo lunezici eziningi ezinhle, kuhlanganise nokusebenza okuphansi kwezisebenzi kanye nezindleko ezincane eziphelele. Kodwa ngokuvamile, abantu abaningi abahluleka ukuthola izitshalo ezithela izithelo ezinempilo, okuyisisekelo esiyinhloko sokulima okungafanelekile kwezitshalo. Masiphinde siqondisise izinhlamvu eziyinhloko zalolu hlelo.
Izimo zangaphandle
Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, ikhukhamba yilezi zinhlobo zezitshalo ezithisa ukushisa, ngakho izitshalo zinezidingo ezijulile zezimo zemvelo. Seeding of imbewu impahla kwenziwa ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kungenzeka amathuba frosts ebusuku ziphela ngokuphelele. Ngokuyinhloko lesi sikhathi sisekuqaleni noma esiphakathi kukaMeyi, kusukela ngalesi sikhathi inhlabathi ivuselela ngokuphelele ku-10-15 ° С. 
Indawo enhle kunazo zonke yokuhlwanyela ingxenyeni eseningizimu yesayithi, ivikelekile emimoyeni ebandayo, ngaphandle kwalokho isivuno sesitshalo sinciphise izikhathi eziningana.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, uma isayithi lisegqumeni elincane, umoya obandayo uvame ukuvela ezindaweni eziphansi, okuyinto ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ingaholela ekuqhumeni kwemifula. Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba esakhiweni semibhede ezayo okungenani imitha eyi-1, uma kungenjalo umswakama ungabangela izifo ezifakiwe zokukhukhamba. Ukuze ugweme ukuwohloka kwamanzi, ukuphumula kwenhlabathi kuvame ukuqhutshwa ngosizo lomhlabathi wesihlabathi, ikakhulukazi uma ubumba noma i-chernozem inamandla kule ndawo.
Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, ukugwema izakhiwo eziluhlaza zokushisa, njengoba ezihlukahlukene "i-Altai" iveza izithelo ezinhle ngisho nasezikhungweni ezisenyakatho ezibandayo. Kodwa uma uhlela ukuthola izithelo ezimnandi kuze kube sekupheleni kwekwindla, kufanele ukhule ikhukhamba ngendlela efanele futhi, uma kungenzeka, ukushisa okushisa okushisa. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuzivikela zesikhashana ezenziwe nge-metal arcs kanye nefilimu ebonakalayo ye-polyethylene. 
Izithombo zokugcina zesikhashana zenza kube lula ukudala izinga lokushisa elihle lokutshala, emva kwalokho isakhiwo sichithwa ngokuphepha kuze kube yonyaka ozayo. Kulesi simo, ngesikhathi sokufudumala okuzinzile, izitshalo ezindala kakhulu zakhiwe esakhiweni sokudla okusheshayo nokucebile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yile mkhuba elula eyenza ukwandisa isikhathi esiphelele se-fruiting ukhukhamba, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandayo ezisenyakatho.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini
Ukuhlwanyela kwembewu kwenziwa emva kokushisa okuqinile kwenhlabathi nomoya womoya emoyeni lokushisa kuka-10-15 ° C, ngoba emazingeni atshisayo aphansi imbewu ihlala esimweni se-anabiosis. Ngokuvamile lesi sikhathi siwela engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi, kodwa uma uhlela ukuhluma ikhukhamba ngaphansi kwefilimu, ungahlwanyela amasonto amabili ngaphambili. Inzalo enziwe ngaphambili futhi enzima ifanele ukuhlwanyela.
Ukulimala kwenziwa amahora angu-48, ngenxa yalokhu, imbewu ihlanganiswe ngokulinganayo ngendwangu olulodwa kwendwangu ehlanzekile yesikotini (noma ibhande), bese iyanamanzi ngamanzi abandayo. Izicubu ezimanzi nezinhlamvu zifakwe esiqandisini, bese zisuswa futhi zifakwe inzalo.
Ukususwa kwe-disinfection kwenziwa ngokufaka imbewu emaminithini angu-25 kwisisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate noma u-70% utshwala. Ukuqeda amandla nokugcoba ukukhipha imishanguzo kwenziwa amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuphumelela kwezinqubo kuyanciphisa izikhathi eziningana. 
Ukhukhamba uhlwanyelwe emigqeni, ngale njongo, imigqa yenziwa ibanga elingama-60 cm komunye nomunye nokujula cishe ngo-2-3 cm. Imbewu ifakwa enhlabathini emaqenjini amancane ama-2-3 izingcezu ebangeni lika 25-30 cm. kufanele ibe ngu-50 g / sq. Emva kokubeka imbewu, umbhede ugoqwe ngokucophelela enhlabathini futhi uphuzisa kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka umhlabathi ompofu kakhulu, imbewu ihlanganiswa nama-humus noma inhlanganisela yomhlabathi kanye ne-sawdust (1: 1). Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, ukumboza i-garter noma ikhava yefilimu kufakwe esakhiweni (uma kunesidingo).
Ukunisela
Njengoba inqwaba yesimiso samakhukhamba isendaweni ephezulu yenhlabathi, imibhede nalezi zemifino idinga ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezithile futhi njalo, emva kokuba isisindo esomile sibonakala phansi. Kulokhu, izitshalo ziphendula kahle ekunisela kwamakhasi, ngakho-ke, ukuchelela imibhede kufanele kwenziwe ngokuzwakalayo, ngaphandle kwalokho amahlamvu angase ame futhi afe. Kodwa-ke, ukugcoba ngokweqile inhlabathi akufanelekile, ngoba ukuqhuma kwamanzi okuqhubekayo kungathinteka kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwempande futhi kubangele izilonda zaso.
Zijwayele ngezinzuzo zokunisela ukuchelela e-dacha.
Ezimweni zokwanela okunamanzi, ukuchelela akufanele kube ngaphezu kuka 2 izikhathi ngesonto. Okokuqala, ukuchelela imibhede kwenziwa ngesilinganiso sika 3-6 l / sq. m. Kancane kancane, ngokukhula kwezitshalo, izinga lokugeleza likhuphukela ku-6-12 l / sq. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amanzi kufanele acwilise umhlabathi ongaphansi kwezinga eliphansi okungenani ama-20 cm. Ngesikhathi sesomiso eside, imvamisa yokuphuza kufanele ikhuphuke, kuze kube yilapho kuphuziswa nsuku zonke. Ngesikhathi semvula ende, ukuchelela kumile ngaphambi kokuba inhlabathi idle.
Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokunisela yisikhathi sakusihlwa, kusukela emini emisebeni yelanga, kuholela ekukhuphukeni okusheshayo komswakama ngisho nasemhlabathini. Ngenqubo, sebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile ahlanzekile, ahlanzekile futhi ahlukanisiwe ngezinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwe-+18 ° C. Kuvinjelwe ukuphuza imibhede ngamanzi abandayo, njengoba amaconsi abukhali anethonya elibi ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ngisho nokuholela ekuchithweni kwama-ovari.
Kubalulekile! Emibhedeni kubalulekile ukunamathela kumswakama ohlala njalo, njengoba ukwehla okungazelelwe kungabangela ukufutheka ezithelo zekhukhamba.
Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula
Ukukhipha kanye nokwehlisa ngesikhathi esifanayo kunezimo eziyinhloko zokulima kahle imifino efana nekhukhamba. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukusika nokukhumuza kusetshenziselwa ngemuva kokuvela amahlumela okuqala, bese uphinda njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-7-10. Ukucubungula umhlabathi kwenziwa ngokucophelela, ngoba inqwaba yesimiso sesitshalo sezitshalo ezingaphezulu kwenhlabathi, ngakho-ke kukhona amathuba okulimaza. 
Ukuvimbela umonakalo ezimpandeni, ukhula luyanqunywa ngaphansi kwempande, aluhambanga ngaphezu kuka-1-2 cm emhlabathini. Ukukhululeka kunconywa kusetshenziswa amafoloji egadi, okunamathelwe kahle enhlabathini nxazonke zezihlahla kuze kufike cishe ku-15-20 cm bese kuthi ngokushesha sithathwe. Kule nqubo kufanele kwenziwe kahle, ngaphandle kokunyakaza okungazelelwe, ngaphandle kokuguqula ithuluzi emhlabathini.
Ukwelashwa komhlabathi kwenziwa ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa, ukuphumula okunye nokukhipha kungaholela ekomeni ngokweqile kwenhlabathi. Kungcono ukukhetha lolu suku olomile nolususayo, phakathi kwamanzi. Ngesikhathi semvula ende le nqubo yenziwa ngemuva kokumiswa komhlabathi.
Masking
Masking inikeza ithuba lokukhulisa kakhulu isivuno se-plantings. I-Pasynka ibizwa ngokuthi ama-non-fruiting ezitshalo ezakhiwe ngenxa yokukhula nokukhula kwazo kwemvelo. Emva kokususwa kwabo, lesi sitshalo asidingeki ukuba sisebenzise amandla engeziwe ngokulondoloza ama-appendages angasebenzi. Esikhundleni salokho, izitshalo zitshalo zihola amandla engeziwe ukuze kusetshenziswe izithelo ezintsha, okuzoholela ekwandeni kwesivuno sonke. 
Lapho i-pasynkovanii ivame ukukhipha wonke amahlumela asetshenziselwa amaqabunga aphansi angama-5-6, kanye nama-ovari emaceleni ama-3-4 amaqabunga aphansi. Inqubo yenziwa ngokucophelela, besebenzisa ama-clippers obukhali noma ama-pruners, njengendlela yokubamba iqhaza ekhulayo ingalimaza isisekelo esiyinhloko. Inqubo ephumelela kunazo zonke ukukhipha uhlangothi olungapheli kuka-6 cm ubude, ngoba isisindo ngasinye esingu-10 cm esinezinhlamvu ezingu-10 "sidla" kuze kufike ku-1 kg wezithelo.
Ukuze wenze ama-bush fruiting afanele, udinga:
- lapho isitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-40-50, susa ngokuphelele amagatsha awo ase-lateral, kanye ne-ovary;
- ngemuva kokunweba isitshalo esiyinhloko ku-80 cm esitshalweni, phonsa wonke amahlumela ama-lateral amafushane kunama-20 cm, shiya ama-ovaries angu-1 kulawo asele, bese uphonsa phezulu;
- lapho isitshalo sesisondele kumamitha ayi-1, kuphela amahlumela angaba ngu-40 cm ubude kufanele ashiywe phezulu, futhi angabi ngaphezu kwama-ovari ama-2-3 namapheshana okufanele ashiywe kuwo ngamunye;
- ngemuva kokuba isihlahla sesifinyelele ukuphakama okungaphezu kwe-1 m, ekuphumeni kwayo okuphezulu ku-3 amahlumela ama-40-50 cm ubude nama-3-4 amaqanda namaqabunga amaningana, uma kunesidingo, ukuze uphonse phezulu.
Ibhande le-Garter
Ikhukhamba enhle ye-garter ingenye yezimo ezisemqoka zokuvuna okuphezulu nokucebile. Unika ithuba:
- ukuvikela isitshalo ekulimaleni komshini;
- ukuthuthukisa ukukhanya kwelanga kwesitshalo nokuqhuma kwayo, okusiza ukugwema ukubola kwesithelo;
- gcina isikhala esiphelele sokulima imifino;
- ukwandisa amandla okuthuthukiswa kwamahlathi kanye nokukhula kwezithelo;
- yenza lula ukunakekelwa kwamahlathi nokuvuna.
- i-garter enezingqimba - eceleni komugqa ngamunye ngecala lika-1-2 cm, izinsika zensimbi noma zokhuni zigujwa emhlabathini, phakathi kwazo lapho zilula khona izintambo noma izintambo eziningana ebangeni elingu-25-30 cm komunye nomunye, ngesikhathi sokukhula, izitshalo ziboshwe ekusekeleni;
- i-garter eqondile - isakhiwo esenziwe ngo-U esenziwe ngamapulangwe noma ensimbi, sinyakanyiswa emgqeni wonke, ngemva kwalokho izintambo ezincane ziyancipha zibe phansi ezitshalweni, ezisekela kamuva izitshalo, ngokuvamile zibophe intambo emigodleni encane, eqhutshwa eduze nesikhukhula ngasinye ;
- i-garter ye-hybrid - ukusekela okulodwa okuqondile kufakwe embhedeni omncane, kusuka phezulu lapho izintambo ezincane ziwela khona, zinamathele emigodleni encane eqhutshwa ehlathini; растения крепятся к верёвочкам, после чего вся конструкция приобретает вид конусообразного шалаша;
- подвязка на сетку - Izisekelo eziqinile zisekelwe emaphethelweni amabili embhede, phakathi kwezinto ezincibilikisiwe zensimbi noma izigqoko zepulasitiki, ngesikhathi sokukhula ikhukhamba iboshwe emgodini, okuba yinye yezinsiza ezithembekile kakhulu.
Ngayinye yalezi zindlela inezinhloso ezithile kanye nezinkinga zayo. Indlela ehamba phambili yenza kube lula ukwakha ukwesekwa kwekhwalithi emahoreni ambalwa nje, kepha abalimi bayayisebenzisa njalo, ngoba izakhiwo ezingomakhelwane zivame ukuthungana. I-garter ebonakalayo ithatha isikhathi eside, kodwa kubalulekile uma izindawo ezinkulu zihlala nemifino. I-garter ye-hybrid isetshenziselwa ukuvikela imibhede encane, ngoba isakhiwo esinjalo singabamba izitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-10-20.
Ukwenza ukhukhamba ukhule kahle futhi uzizwe ukhululekile ngisho nasendaweni encane, kuyasiza ukufaka igridi ye-trellis.
I-garter enetheni iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisa izitshalo, njengoba ihlanganisa zonke izici ezinhle zendlela ezingenhla. Noma kunjalo, imiklamo enjalo ngokuvamile inenani eliphakeme kakhulu. Yingakho le ndlela isetshenziselwa kuphela abalimi abanolwazi abaye bahilela ukulima kwemifino iminyaka eminingi.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukhukhamba udinga inani elikhulu lezakhi ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sakhiwe isithelo. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, imibhede ihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza, khona-ke ukugqoka kuyaphindwa ekuqaleni kwe-fruiting, bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-15, ngokuvamile amakhukhamba ahlanganiswa izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngezikhathi ezithile. Inqubo yenziwa ntambama, ntambama, ngemuva kokunisela.
I-VIDEO: UKUSEBENZA ABAKHULU NGOKUKHUBA Njengendlela yokudla efanelekayo noma yimuphi umanyolo obuncithakalo wamaminerali kubamele bePumpkin. Kodwa ikhambi elivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu yi-superphosphate (20 g / 10 l amanzi), "Kemira Universal-2" (40 g / 10 l amanzi), kanye ne "Kemira Lux" (30 g / 10 l amanzi), esetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimpande zezitshalo. Izinga lokugeleza komketshezi osebenzayo lilinganiselwa ku-5 amalitha per 1 imitha yesikwele. m planting. Ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu isabela kokudla okunomsoco. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa isisombululo sezinyoni ze-bird (1:25) noma i-mullein (1:10). Leli ketshezi lisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla, kanti ukusetshenziswa kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuyisilinganiso esingama-5 l / sq. m
Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
Ngokuvamile, izindawo zokukhukhamba zithinteka yizifo ezilandelayo ezithathelwanayo:
- i-anthracnose - lesi sifo sibangelwa amabala aphuzi noma amabalabala emahlamvu kanye nezithelo ezinamaphesenti ama-2-3 cm, okugcina ekuholela ekukhunjweni kwezindawo ezithintekile nokufa kwazo, yingakho i-anthracnose ivame ukuyiwona imbangela enkulu yokufa kwesitshalo esiseduze; lapho kwenzeka isifo, lezi zitshalo ziphathwa ngesisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi (40 g / 10 l amanzi);
- i-bacteriosis - kubonakala ngezindawo ezihlukahlukene ezikhanyayo ezinobumba obuhlaza obuningi bezitshalo, kanye namachashazi angamafutha noma ama-brown angama-angular emkhatsini wemifino yamaqabunga, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abangela ukubola kwe-green mass, okuholela ekufeni kwemifula; zilwa nokutheleleka ngokuphatha lesi sifo ngesisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi (40 g / 10 l amanzi);
- i-perinosporosis - kubonakaliswe ngendlela yamabala asephuzi emaqabunga, okugcina ekuthunjeni, ukutheleleka kubangela ukuthi isihlahla siqhube ngemuva kokukhula, okuthinta isivuno sayo sonke; uma kwenzeka isifo, lezi zitshalo ziphathwa nge-Acrobat MC fungicides 69%, i-Ridomil MC 72%, i-Kurzat R noma i-analogues eguquguqukayo.
Sincoma ukuthi sifunde indlela yokubhekana nezinye izifo zamakhukhamba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi ekhulayo ekhulayo, ukhukhamba ungahlushwa yizilokazane ezilandelayo:
- thrips - ukuguqulwa kwezidakamizwa ezisebenzayo kubangela ukubonakala kwamabala amhlophe emaceleni amaqabunga, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ahlangane futhi abangela ukufa komuthi ohlaza, i-parasite iqhubeka phakathi nonyaka okhulayo, okuyisinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokunciphisa isivuno sezitshalo; Ukulwa nezinambuzane, sebenzisa izixazululo "Aktellik", "Confidor" 20%, "iKarate" noma izifaniso;
- ama-pincers - izinambuzane ezincane ezinama-oval ezinomzimba omzimba omnyama obomvu noma obomvu, ama-parasite athela ijusi esitshalweni, okuholela ekuvimbeleni ukukhula nokuhluma kwesihlahla, ukuthuthukiswa ngokweqile kokufa kwezinambuzane kwenzeka; Kungenzeka ukunqoba inkathazo ngokuphatha imibhede nge-Actellic 50% noma i-Talstar 10%;
- i-aphid - iyinambuzane encane ene-2-3mm ubude, okuyinto engcolisayo engxenyeni engezansi yeqabunga, isondeza isitshalo esitshalweni, okuholela ekuguquleni nasekuhlungeni amahlamvu, nasezikhungweni ezithuthukile, nasekufeni kwesitshalo; Kungenzeka ukunqoba inkathazo ngokuphatha izimila ngezixazululo ze "Confidor" amalungiselelo angu-20% noma "i-Karate" okumele ikhethe;
- ikhukhamba bug - isilwane esincane esiphuzayo, esivame ukuqhubeka kuyo yonke inkathi yemifino esebenzayo yemifino, ngesikhathi se-parasitization, izinambuzane zilimaza amahlumela, amaqabunga namaqabunga amancane, okuzoholela ekunqothulweni kwama-ovarie, nasesikhathini esiphakeme sokufa kwemahlamvu; ukubhubhisa ama-parasite ngokuphatha izimila ngezixazululo zamalungiselelo "i-Confidor" engu-20%, "i-karate" noma ngezifaniso.
Kuyasiza ukwazi ukuqeda ezinye izinambuzane zamakhukhamba.
Uma ukwelapha izitshalo ezilinywa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvikela, kubalulekile ukunamathela kule mithetho elandelayo:
- ukusifiphaza kwenziwa ekuseni noma kusihlwa, esimweni esomile kodwa sezulu;
- izixazululo zokusebenza zilungiswa ngokuvumelana nezincomo zomkhiqizi;
- kudlula ukuhlushwa okuphakanyisiwe kwezidakamizwa zokwelashwa kwezitshalo akuvunyelwe, ngoba lokhu kungabangela ukushisa kobumnyama obuhlaza;
- Ukwelashwa ngezidakamizwa kwenziwa nge gear yokuzivikela, usebenzisa i-respirator;
- ngenkathi ukubhema ukubhema, ukudla noma ukuphuza akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele;
- ngemuva kokufafaza imibhede, kubalulekile ukuthi ugeze ngesipho zonke izindawo ezivulekile zomzimba, futhi ususe izingubo zokusebenza kusukela ezinhlakeni zokulungiselela.
Namuhla, ngokujwayelekile umkhuba we-agrotechnical, izindlela zokuvikela ezilandelayo zisetshenziswe ngentshiseko:- "I-Acrobat";
- Actellic;
- I-Allett engu-80%;
- "Ibhilikithi" engu-25%;
- "IKarate";
- I-Confidor 20%;
- "Kuproksat";
- "Kuprosil";
- "Kurzat R";
- "Previkur";
- "I-Ridomil Gold" engu-25%.
Uyazi? ERussia, ikhukhamba yavela ekhulwini le-XVI, ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ivan the Terrible. Sekuyisikhathi eside, isiko sasibhekwa njengokunambitheka, ngakho-ke izithelo ezimweni eziningi zazibhekwa isikhathi eside.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ngokwesiko, isivuno sokuqala senziwa cishe amasonto ayisishiyagalombili emva kokutshala, phakathi nendawo yesibili kaJuni, ngemuva kwalokho isivuno sivuna njengoba sikhula, njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2. Kuhle kakhulu lokhu ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ngokuvamile, ukulondolozwa nokusetshenziswa okuluhlaza, ikhukhamba iqoqiwe ngemuva kokufinyelela usayizi wesithelo cishe u-8-10 cm ubude. Kodwa uma kwenzeka ukulungiselela ukulungiselela ama-gherkins, izithelo zidilizwa ngemuva kokukhula kwazo zibe ngu-3-5 cm.
Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesandla ngosuku olomile nolususayo. Izithelo zithoba kancane kancane isihlahla ngosizo lwezitshalo zensimu, izingubo noma ezinye amathuluzi. Amakhukhamba aqoqiwe afakwa emabhakheni noma eziqukathi zensimu, bese kuthi uma kudingeka, athululelwe kuziqukathi ezilula kakhulu zokuhamba. Isitshalo sisuswa ensimini ngokucophelela, sigweme ukulimala izithelo, ngaphandle kwalokho ikhukhamba izophela izinsuku ezimbalwa. 
Funda indlela yokugcina ukhukhamba okusha ebusika.
Ngokuvamile, ikhukhamba entsha igcinwe izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-14, futhi isilondolozi esidelele semifino, ukukhethwa okushisayo noma okubandayo kuyasetshenziswa. Nakuba izithelo ezintsha zingagcinwa ngokugcwele kahle amaviki angu-4-5. Ukwenza lokhu, amakhukhamba afakwa ngemisila phansi ezitsheni ezincane ezigcwele 1-2 cm amanzi ahlanzekile, bese ithunyelwa esiqandisini (+ 3-5 ° С). Kule fomu, izithelo zihlala zihlanzekile okungenani inyanga eyodwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukuguqula amanzi ezigulini ngezithelo kanye ngosuku.
Gcina ukhukhamba kanye negobolondo yamaprotheni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izithelo ziboshwe ngokucophelela ngeqanda ezimhlophe, bese zomile ngokwemvelo. Ngemuva kokumiswa, amaprotheni enza ifilimu enesibindi esivimbela ukukhuphuka kwesikhashana kwesikhukhula esithelweni. Kuleli fomu, ekushiseni cishe ngo-3-5 ° C, ikhukhamba entsha ingagcinwa inyanga eyodwa.
Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isitshalo sesithelo njengesikhukhamba singumqondo ongenakuqhathaniswa, ngakho-ke, abalimi bavame ukubhekana nezinkinga eziningi ngesikhathi sokulima. Phakathi kwabo okuvame kakhulu yilokhu okulandelayo:
- ukuphoqa nokuphuza kwamaqabunga - ingumphumela wokungahambisani nemithetho ejwayelekile yokulima isivuno noma umphumela wokulimala ekutshalweni kwezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene; ukuze kuqedwe lesi sifo, kubalulekile ukulungisa ukuchelela nokufaka umquba emasimini, kanye nokwenza ukwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali zokuvikela
- ukuwa kwe-ovari - ingaba nezimbangela eziningi, kepha ngokuvamile umphumela wokunisela izitshalo ngamanzi abandayo noma izitshalo eziqine kakhulu; ukuze kuqedwe ukukhubazeka, kutuswa ukunciphisa izitshalo (uma kunesidingo), kanye nokucubungula amanzi okunisela okungenani okungama-+18 ° C;
- isitshalo sokuma - ngokuvamile kuvame ukuba imbangela yentuthuko emhlabathini wezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene (izintambo, izintuthwane, ukuhluma izibungu ezindizayo, njll); Ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwezitshalo, ukwelashwa okutshalwe ngaphambi kokutshala nge-Fentiuram (imbewu ka 5-10 g / kg) kunconywa;
- izilonda ze-putrid - umphumela wokunwetshwa komhlabathi ngesikhathi sokunisela; Ukuqeda inkinga, ukuchelela kwemibhede kufanele kulungiswe, futhi izitshalo kufanele ziphathwe nge-fungicides eziyinkimbinkimbi;
- ukwehla okubukhali kwezivuno - ezimweni eziningi kungumphumela wokunciphisa okunomsoco ezakhiweni emhlabathini; ukuze kubuyiselwe ukukhiqiza kwezitshalo, kubalulekile ukondla lezi zitshalo ngezixazululo zemifino ephilayo noma yezimbiwa ngokusho kobuchwepheshe obuchazwe ngenhla;
- ukufutheka - ingumphumela wezinguquko ezisheshayo emswakama wenhlabathi; ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuwohloka kwe-ikhukhamba ukunambitheka, izitshalo kufanele zinikezwe ngokuhamba kancane kancane futhi okuqhubekayo phakathi nonyaka okhulayo.
Zijwayele ngezimbangela kanye nezindlela zokulwa nokuphuza nokuma amaqabunga ekhukhamba.
Thola ukuthi kungani ama-ovaries ikhukhamba aphuzi endaweni yokushisa.
