Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi ezikhona, izinhlobo zezinkukhu kanye nezinhlobo zezinkukhu, kunzima kakhulu ukukhetha ukuthi yini okufanelana nawe. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukuhamba ngegama, kodwa ngohlobo lwendlela yokukhiqiza.
Emva kwakho konke, yilokho kanye okuzokwenzela khona izinyoni zakho zasekhaya. Isibonelo, isiqondiso esithandwa kakhulu inyama-inyama, okukuvumela ukuba uhlanganise ngokugcwele izinga lokukhiqiza amaqanda eliphakeme nezinkukhu ezinhle kakhulu zenkukhu abakhiqizayo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinjalo, izinkukhu zesiliva ze-Adler, eziye zafanelwa ukuthanda izinkukhu zamafama, ziyaziwa kakhulu. Uma unesithakazelo kulolu hlobo, sesivele silungiselele incazelo eningiliziwe yezici zayo eziyinhloko.
Yiziphi izici ze-Adler hens: incazelo yokuzalwa
Kubonakala kulolu hlobo phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule ngenxa yemizamo enenkani yabalimi besayensi. Labo abamele izinhlanga esingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nazo namuhla bangabathwali be-genetic data yezinkukhu ezinhlanu ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezikhiqiza kakhulu izinkukhu kanyekanye: White Plymouth, i-New Hempshire, uMeyi Usuku, i-Russian White ne-Jurlov. Noma kunjalo ukukhethwa kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana ezinzima:
- Amadoda angama-May Day izinkukhu zawela nezinyosi zohlobo olubomvu lwaseRussia. Kulezi zizukulwane ezimbili, abantu abathandana nabo babedlula kuphela.
- Ama-F2 hybrids abe abathwali bezimfanelo ezinjengamaqabunga ama-egg-laying futhi aphezulu. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yabo yenyama, izinkukhu zenziwe ngezinkukhu zohlobo lweNew Hampshire.
- Ifomu le-hybrid eliholela ngenxa ye-F3 laphinde lahlelwa "ngokwalo", futhi kakade kwavela kubantu abatholiwe abakhethwe izici ezinhle kakhulu ezingaphandle nangokwenyama.
- I-F5 izinkukhu zahlanganiswa nama-cooster e-White Plymouth, futhi abantu ababa khona baphinde baphinde bahlangane.
- Phakathi kwalabo abane abanezinhlamvu ezine ezitholakale ngenxa yalokho, ama-best aphinde akhethiwe ngokuvumelana nemigomo yokukhiqiza, eyayiwela nge-Yurlov yokugcina.
Izinkukhu ezikhulayo futhi yizo esizibiza namuhla zesiliva ze-Adler.
Izinzuzo nezinzuzo ezijabulela u-Adler Hens
Uhlobo lunezinzuzo ezimbalwa, okwenza luthandwa kakhulu futhi ludume kuze kube namuhla. Phakathi kwazo kukhona okulandelayo:
- ikhono lokugcina emnothweni we-Adler isiliva iminyaka engu-3-4. Ngokujwayelekile, ngisho nezinkomo nezinyosi ezihle kakhulu ezivunyelwe ukuba zithole inyama ngokushesha lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni yobudala eyi-1.5, njengoba kukholelwa ukuthi indala inkukhu, kunzima kakhulu inyama.
Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo alusebenzi nhlobo, kusukela ubudala akuthinti izimfanelo zenyama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iminyaka eminingana yokugcina inkukhu, ngokuqinisekile uyokujabulisa ngenamba enkulu yamaqanda futhi angakwazi ngisho nokuhlala ezinzukulwaneni eziningana zenzalo entsha;
- ngokuphathelene ne-egg-laying, lokhu kuzalwa kungacatshangwa ukuthi kungcono kakhulu, ngoba amaqanda okuqala wezinkukhu aqala ukulala eneminyaka eyisithupha. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izinhlanga eziningi kule minyaka azikwazi ukuthola isikhathi sokudala ipulazi elidala;
- ngoba abamele bohlobo kulula ukuzinakekela. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuthula kwe-Adler akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu, bayodla ngokuthula nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokudla, kuyilapho ukuthola isisindo kuhle futhi kungabi nakakhulu ukubeka amaqanda. Futhi, akudingeki ukuthi bahlomise izimo ezikhethekile zezindlu, ngoba uhlanga luqinile kakhulu.
Izinkukhu zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokuzimela ezimweni zesimo sezulu kanye nezinkathi ezihamba kancane.
Ikhwalithi enhle yezinkukhu ukuthi iyakwazi ukuvumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo ezimweni ezintsha zezulu. Mayelana nalokhu, nomaphi lapho uthola khona abameleli bohlobo oluchazwe futhi nomaphi lapho uhlose ukukuqukatha esikhathini esizayo, bangakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu.
Ukuziphatha kwezinkukhu ngeke kusabele nganoma iyiphi indlela eqinisweni lokuthi badluliselwa endaweni entsha, noma ukujwayela kuzokwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3. Lesi sici sinegalelo elikhulu ekusakazeni kwe-Silver Adler kulo lonke i-CIS.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufanele uqaphele abalimi bezinkukhu Iphuzo eliphansi kakhulu I-curia yokuthutha. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ngokuthula ngenye imithi kanye nezinye izilwane, abanomusa kakhulu baphendule kunoma yiziphi izenzo zomphathi, uma sebevele benesikhathi sokuzijwayeza (ekuqaleni bangase babe namahloni kancane). Izilonda zezifo ezihlukahlukene kuzo cishe azenzeki, ezenza kube nokuzivikela okuhle.
Namhlanje lolu hlobo lusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinkukhu ezintsha zezinkukhu. I-Adler silver akuyona nje imithwalo enhle yokuphatha inyama, kodwa nayo iyakwazi ukudlulisela kwezinye izizukulwane. Futhi, izindlalifa zabo zibonisa ukuvumelanisa kahle nokuthukuthela.
Ukuzalanisa ukwenziwa kohlobo: yiziphi izinkinga ezilingana nesiliva se-Adler?
Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ukuthola ukuthola ukuhluleka kohlobo oluchazwe kunzima, nakuba kunjalo. Inzima enkulu ekuzaliseni lolu hlobo ukuthi ekusebenzeni kwenqubo enjalo yokuzala, abameleli bayo balahlekelwa ingxenye yesikhala sokutshala.
Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona okungenani oyedwa phakathi kwabathandekayo bakho abazimisele ukufaka amaqanda, akufanele avunyelwe inyama, kodwa kufanele agcinwe kuphela ngenhloso yokuthola izizukulwane ezintsha.
Yiqiniso, ubunzima obunjalo bunqotshwa kalula ngama-detours: ngokuphonsa amaqanda e-Adler ama-silver broods eminye imfuyo noma ukuxosha nge-incubator kagesi. Zombili lezi zindlela zisebenza kahle futhi ngeke kube nzima kuwe, kodwa zizokuvumela ukuba uthole abamele inzalo enhle kakhulu.
Ezinye izici kanye nezici ezihlukile zohlobo oluchazwe
Funda izinkukhu nama-roost zalesi sizwe kungaba lula, okungenani ngombala wezinsipho zawo. Unetoni yaseColombia, ezuzwe njengefa kusukela ngoMeyi Usuku kanye nezinhlobo zezinkukhu zeJurlov.
Noma kunjalo, amaphuphu asezinsuku, njengezinye izinhlobo, abe nesibhamu esiphuzi. Izimpaphe zomsila noma amabhande, kanye neminwe yomsila emaphikweni amnyama embala. Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi amapulangwe e-Adler esiliva kakhulu kumzimba, okuvumela ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba oluzinzile.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zinyoni zinezilinganiso zomzimba ezilinganiselwe, kunalokho zihambelana nomthethosisekelo wazo. Imizimba yabo inokude nokujulile, futhi iminyango yabo ibanzi futhi iqondile.
Isimo somgogodla, noma kunalokho, umgogodla wangemuva, ezinyangeni zika-Adler empeleni zihambisana nomhlabathi, nakuba uhla kancane kancane emsila. Isisu nesifuba sithuthukile kahle, kanti lesi sifo asijuli nje kuphela, kodwa futhi sigcwele, okuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuzaleni inyama.
Umgogodla wezinkukhu, nakuba ungenakubizwa ngokuthi unengqondo, kodwa unamandla okwanele futhi uhlala njalo, uvumela abantu ukuba bahambe kakhulu. Ngenxa yamaphiko amakhulu, okuyinto esimweni esivamile esilungele kahle umzimba, uma kunesidingo, lezi zinkukhu zingavuka emoyeni imizuzwana embalwa.
Uma ukhetha uhlobo olulandelayo, kufanele ucabangele nezici ezilandelayo ezibalulekile:
- inhloko ye-Adler hens iyindilinga, encane, ebanzi. Kulesi simo, kufana kakhulu nomzimba. Lapho ukhetha umuntu, qaphela ukuba khona
- i-lobes ebomvu elula ebomvu, kanye nefomu eligobile lomlomo, okuvame ukuba nombala ophuzi;
- i-crest ibomvu ngombala, yobukhulu obuphakathi, inomumo ofana namagatsha futhi iqukethe isithende samazinyo afanayo;
- umbala wamehlo ubomvu-ithusi, ziyindilinga nxazonke, i-convex encane;
- ubuso bezinkukhu nama-roost ngokuvamile kuvombela futhi bubushelelezi, amacici azungeze futhi abomvu;
- intamo ibude obude, ehlanganiswe ne-uniform mane;
- imilenze yifushane, ephakathi, enezimpawu ezincane ezihamba phambili kanye nemisipha eqhubekile kahle, engase izwakale lapho ihluma. Ukusethwa ngokukhululekile, okunamandla ngokwanele futhi okuzinzile;
- umsila wesayizi omncane, nxazonke, uvalwe ngokuqinile, nge-braids ezincane, eziqinile.
Ngaphandle, kulula ukuhlukanisa inkukhu evela ejokeni: owokuqala unomkhanyo okhulu futhi unomusa onomusa, kanti ikhefu linamabanga amancane. Futhi, i-rooster inesisindo somzimba esikhulu esiphezulu nomsila omkhulu.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ama-braids omsila omude kakhulu nomsila omkhulu kakhulu, kanye nenhlanganisela eyithuthukisiwe ngokweqile, okuyinto ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu ihlangene phansi, ibhekwa njengeziphambeko ezingamukeleki zezinhlobo ze-hens eziyisiliva. Izinkukhu zalolu hlobo ziyanqatshwa futhi ngokusho kwezibonakaliso ezifana nesitatimende somzimba wonke siphakeme kakhulu, futhi intamo incane kakhulu futhi ide.
Ukukhiqiza ukusebenza nokuqukethwe kwe-curia yesiliva ye-Adler
Kuze kube maduzane, lohlobo oluchazwe luhlale lubamba isikhundla esiphakeme ngokukhiqiza, ngoba singakathokoza ngesikhathi esisodwa senyama namaqanda. Kodwa kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi ezikhathini zamuva nje isici esikhulu se-Adler silvery yisimiso esifanele sokunciphisa isisindo somuntu ngamunye.
Yiqiniso, njengenxephezelo yokunciphisa imikhiqizo yenyama, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kwanda kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, isisindo esivamile sohlobo ngokuvamile sinalo okulandelayo izinkomba:
- inkukhu eneminyaka engama-1 ingaba isisindo esivela ku-2.5 kuya ku-2.8 kilogram;
- ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-rooster ifeza ubuningi be-kilogram ayi-3.5-3.9.
Ukuqala ukubeka amaqanda eneminyaka engu-0.5 ubudala, ezinyangeni ezingu-12 isendlalelo esivamile ngokuvamile siletha amaqanda angaphansi kuka-170-190, futhi abanikazi berekhodi baze badlule emngceleni wezingcezu ezingu-200. Igobolondo lamaqanda ngokuvamile lidwetshwe ngombala wekhilimu, okubuye kube umbandela wohlobo oluchazwe. Ubukhulu bamaqanda bukhulu kakhulu, isisindo sabo singama-58-59 amagremu.
Kungenzeka ukwandisa izimfanelo zezinyama zezinkukhu zesiliva ze-Adler ngokuzibandakanya ngama-broiler - ama-White Cornish. Ngenxa yalokho, inzalo etholakalayo ekudleni ifa elingenayo ifa, okwenza kube nokutholakala kwezidumbu ezinesisindo esingu-1.3 kg noma ngaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-70. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izinga lekhukhu elinjalo liphakeme kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuvuselelwa okulandelayo kwezinzalo kulahlekelwa izinga eliphakeme lokukhiqiza, futhi balala amaqanda ambalwa kakhulu.
Indlela yokuzalisa abameleli abakhulu bezohlobo: ulwazi olubalulekile nemilayezo
Sesike saphawula ngenhla ukuthi ukuphazamiseka okuphawulekayo kwezinkukhu zesiliva ze-Adler kuyisimiso somzimba esiyinkimbinkimbi somama. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abanolwazi abanenzuzo batusa ukuthenga i-incubator nalezi zinkukhu. Ngenhlanhla, amaqanda alezi zinkukhu ahlwanyiswa kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho ukukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu okuphakathi kuka-95%. Futhi, ngenxa yokuzivikela okuqinile, ukukhuthazela okuhle nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, isibonakaliso sokuphepha kwezinyoni sikhulu: ngoba isitoko esincane sinamaphesenti angu-98, kanti nabantu abadala - 86%.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula indima enkulu ye-rooster ekukhuliseni inzalo nokugcinwa kwayo yonke umhlambi. Usiza kakhulu umnini ngokubheka ngokucophelela indawo yokukhethwa kwezinkukhu ukuze ubeke amaqanda ayo futhi ufundise ukukwenza endaweni efanayo. Futhi, i-Adler izitshalo zezinkomo ziholele kakhulu ngenkathi zisatshalaliswa ukudla futhi ziqala ukudla kuphela emva kokuba izinkukhu zidla. Basebenzisa ngokunethezeka isizukulwane esincane, ukuncintisana kungavela kuphela phakathi kwama-roosters ngokwawo.
Kungenzeka ukuzalisa lezi zinyoni zombili ezikhungweni ezivulekile, futhi ezinqolobaneni, inkukhu ngeke izwe umehluko okhethekile. Ungakwazi ukuwahlomisela wonke amabhethri esitokisi, okuzokwenza kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko zesikhala.
I-Adler hens ibeka amaqanda ezinyangeni ezingu-6, nakuba ingaqala inyanga ngaphambili. Kodwa-ke, kungcono hhayi ukugqugquzela umsebenzi onjalo, ngoba ama-egg-laying ahlukumeza kakhulu ubukhulu bezinyoni, ekunciphiseni ukuphila kwabo okukhiqizayo. Kungcono ukuzala ama-hens ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zasehlobo zasehlobo, kuzoba lula ukukhula kuzo, ngoba kuzodingeka kwenziwe ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza (ngaphandle kokuthi, ngokuqinisekile, wabeka amaqanda ngaphansi kwenkukhu yomunye uhlobo).
Esimweni esifanayo, uma u-Adler ebeletha izinkukhu azalwa kancane kancane, kungcono ukunamathela ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile uma ukhulisa:
- ukunciphisa inani lokudla okudliwe yizinkukhu, ukuze kungabikho ukukhula okusheshayo kwabantu ngabanye;
- Uma kunokwenzeka, ukunciphisa inani lamahora omusi ukufanisa usuku lokukhanya ngoJuni-Julayi.
Ukondla izinkukhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izigaba zakudala: okubilisiwe, futhi emva komile, okomile, okusanhlamvu okusuka kumabele noma emagumbini, amaqanda abilisiwe, imikhiqizo yobisi, amadlelo efolda eluhlaza.
Izici zokudla kwabantu abadala abadala be-Adler yesiliva
Nakuba lezi zinkukhu zingekho ukudla, ummemezeli omuhle uyazi ukuthi kusengcono ukunikeza ukudla okunomsoco futhi okunempilo kakhulu. Ngempela, ukudla okunomsoco nokudla okunomsoco, amandla obaluleke kakhulu izinyoni ezothola, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kubonisa izinkomba ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ekudleni kwabantu abadala abadala be-Adler Kunconywa ukufaka:
- imifino nemifino yezimpande (kokubili abilisiwe futhi eluhlaza);
- izinsimbi zamaminerali ezihlanganisa izinto ezinjenge-calcium nensimbi;
- amaprotheni anomthelela omuhle ekwakheni imisipha yezinyoni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ekukhiqizeni inyama ngokujwayelekile;
- okusanhlamvu, inani laso okufanele libe likhulu kakhulu.
Izici ezibalulekile kokuqukethwe kwabameleli bohlobo oluchazwe
Uma kwenzeka izinyoni zigcinwa ezindlini ezinkulu, lapho zingakwazi khona ukuhamba phansi, kufanele kubhekelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile kumswakama wokugqoka. Nakuba izinkukhu zingenzi inqwaba yemfucuza, noma kunjalo, ngenani elikhulu labantu, iphansi lingathola imanzi ngokushesha. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi umswakama awuphakamisi ngaphezu kwe-25%. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuhlanza njalo uhlanze indlu, kanye nokwenza ukubeka izinkukhu.
Abalimi bezinkukhu abanokuhlangenwe nakho baqaphele nokuthi ukukhulumisana okunobungane no-Adler silver hens kunethonya elihle ekukhiqizeni kwabo. Phela, isimo esinokuthula nesobungane yikhadi elivakasheleyo lezinhlobo, kanti uma lezi zinyoni zigcinwa futhi zizama ukudala izimo ezikhululekile zokuphila, zizokubonga ngokuqinisekile ngamaqanda nezinkukhu ezimnandi.
