Indlela yokutshala nokukhula ipomoeya yam (quamoclite, farbitis)

Ezitshalweni zasendlini zasekhaya zihlonishwa kakhulu ngokubukeka kwazo nokuhlobisa izimbali. "Ukuqokomisa" okungeyona ejwayelekile yendlela enjalo yokulima ingadi ye-Ipomoea yam, eye yatshalwe isikhathi eside nje njengemifino empande. Kodwa emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ukulima kwe-Ipomoea yasendlini sekuthole ukuthandwa kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yezizathu ezinhle, ngoba izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamagqabhagqabha nezimbali zazo zizokwanelisa noma iyiphi into yangaphakathi.

Okuqukethwe:

• Ukusabalalisa nokuhlala
• Izinhlobo ezidumile
• Isicelo se-Ipomoea yam
• Sebenzisa kumklamo we-landscape
• Ukukhula nokunakekela izitshalo
• Izimo zokuboshwa
• Umhlabathi nomanyolo
• Ukunisela nokuswakama
• Uhlobo lokushisa
• Ukukhiqizwa nokutshala
• Imbewu
• Vegetative
• Izici zokunakekela, kuye ngokuthi indawo yokuboshwa
• Izinkinga ezinokwenzeka ekukhuleni
• Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
• Ividiyo: Ipomoea yam
• Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi

Incazelo ye-botanical

Njengemifino, i-Ipomoea yayilinywa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-5 000 edlule. Igama elithi "amazambane ama-sweet" lalibizwa yiqembu labantu baseNdiya eTaino, abahlala ezindaweni zokukhula kwalo. I-Ipomoea ihlala isikhathi eside, kepha izinga lokutshala ekhaya livame ukutshala njengesitshalo saminyaka yonke. Ngokwezigaba zesayensi, i-ipomoea yam ingenye yezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo ze-genome Ipomea yomndeni waseVivunkovye futhi uhlobo oluthile lwezitshalo ze-herbaceous.

Uyazi? Ama-antioxidants asezinhlakeni ze-yam ayakwazi ukunciphisa amathuba okubunjwa kwamathumba omdlavuza, kodwa ngaphansi kwesimo sokusetshenziswa kwabo njalo.

Kusukela ngo-1793, uJean Baptiste Lamarck, uProfesa weZoology, uye waveza incazelo enjalo yezitshalo:

• uhlelo lwempande: izimpande ze-tuberiform, ezibunjiwe, ezigxilile ne-pulp yellow-orange;
• stem: smooth, ezinwabuzelayo, lianovidny, engaphakathi ngaphakathi, ufinyelela ubude buka 3-4 m;
• amaqabunga: okunye okunye, okubushelelezi, okwenziwe inhliziyo okuphelile, okunamathele phansi kuze kube yilapho kukhishwa amaqabunga amaqabunga ama-3 kuya ku-14 cm;
• izimbali: amacembe ombala omhlophe noma obomvu, obunjalo, okwakhiwa kwe-corolla-shaped corolla 3.5-5 cm ububanzi, ukuqubuka okukodwa kuhlangene zibe yi-inflorescences kusuka ku-1 ukuya kwezingu-3;
• Imbewu: i-pubescent enkulu, ihlangene, ifinyelela ku-6 mm ubude, ifomu eliyindilinga ebhokisini lezinhlamvu eziphahleni elihlelwe eceleni ekamelweni ngalinye.

Emndenini we-convolvulaceaa nayo ingabalwa ngokuthi izitshalo ezifana: convolvulus, ipomeyu purple kanye calistegia terry.

Kuncike endaweni yokukhula kanye nekhwalithi yokunakekelwa, isici se-Ipomoea singase sihluke kancane kuncazelo ebizwa nge-botanical. Umehluko oyinhloko yizinga lokuqina kwamaphethini ombala.

Ukusabalalisa nokuhlala

Ipomoea yam yisitshalo esishisayo. Izwe lokukhula kwalo yi-Afrika, izindawo ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika, eningizimu-mpumalanga yeChina. Ukusatshalaliswa nokuhlakulela inkazimulo yasekuseni njengendlela isitshalo ornamental kungenzeka emazweni anesimo sezulu esishisayo noma esiphezulu. Ezingxenyeni zethu, ukutshalwa kwenkazimulo yasekuseni kuphinde kuphumelele, kodwa kuphela njengesitshalo sonyaka.

Kubalulekile! Ukudla amazambane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa akunconywa.

Izinhlobo ezidumile

Inani elihlobisa iPomoea alilethi nje ukubukeka kwezimbali. Izinhlobonhlobo eziningi azikona umbala oqhakazile, kodwa zithandwa ngokukhethekile ngenxa yamaqabunga azo, amafomu okuhlobisa nemibala. Othandwa kakhulu futhi odumile phakathi kwabalimi yizinhlobo ezinjalo:

• I-Margarita - ibonakala ngesimo esifana nesimo senhliziyo samaqabunga ombala ocebile we-golden-green;

• I-Blackie - izici ze-varietal zinezinti ezinhlanu, ezithwetshiwe ngokujulile zombala omnyama obomvu nombala obala obomvu wezimbali;
• Inhliziyo enhle ebomvu - izici ezihlukahlukene zezinhlobonhlobo zingamaqabunga amancane ombala okhanyayo, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi athola umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
• Iqhwa elibomvu - ibonakala ngamaqabunga aqinile enhlobonhlobo, umbala weqabunga uhlaza kanye nokugubha okwesibhakabhaka kanye nemigqa emhlophe;
• I-illusion i-lary emerald lace - ine-lanceolate emagqabeni amahlanu aqoshiwe ombala okhanyayo.

Zonke izinhlobonhlobo ezinikezwe ziyi-lianovid, zinokukhula okukhulu futhi okuluhlaza futhi ziphelele ukukhula kwe-ampel. Ikakhulukazi okuthakazelisayo kumakhelwane kubheka izinhlobo ezihlukile.

Isicelo se-Ipomoea yam

Ngaphezu kwendawo yokuhlobisa yezakhiwo zensimu kanye nokwengezwa kwamakhaya angaphakathi, i-Ipomoea yam isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinjalo zomsebenzi:

• ekuphekeni;
• kwezokwelapha.

Ekuqaleni, i-yam yayisetshenziselwe ukudla kuphela. Amazambane amazambane - imifino empande enambitha okugqamile, efana namazambane avamile. Ukuze uthole ukunambitheka okumnandi kwemifino yezimpande, amazambane ama-sweet potato abizwa ngokuthi "ama-sweet potato".

Uyazi? Izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-Yam, evame ukusetshenziswa ekudleni, zinganciphisa umonakalo obangelwa ukubhema.

Ukuhlukahluka kokuhlukahluka kubonakala embala kanye nokunambitheka kwemifino yezimpande. Ngakho, umbala we-pulp ungaba ukhilimu, ophuzi, u-orange noma obomvu. Izimfanelo zokudla zomkhiqizo nazo zixhomeke ebangeni - isivuno sempande singaba nomthamo we-nut, izithelo noma yemifino. "Amazambane ama-sweet" angadliwa aluhlaza, aphekwe noma aphekwe. Kungasetshenziswa njengendwangu ehlangothini yesidlo esikhulu, ngesisekelo sayo sithola ama-broth nemifino emnandi yemifino, ingasetshenziswa njengenye yezithako emaladini. Njengomkhiqizo wokudla Ipomoea uletha izinzuzo ezibalulekile emzimbeni. Inani eliphakeme lokudla okunomsoco, okuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi kanye nesamba esikhulu samavithamini namaminerali agcwalisa umzimba futhi ukwandise izinga lokumelana nezifo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-yam ngokukhethekile embonini yezokwelapha. Izakhiwo eziwusizo "amazambane amazambane":

• Inkomba ephansi ye-glycemic ye impande ivuselela umzimba ekuboneni okuphezulu kwe-insulini;
• i-fibre yokudla iqukethe isimiso somuthi wamathumbu futhi sinomthelela ekuqedeni i-cholesterol "embi", ngaleyo ndlela ihlanza igazi;
• ukugcwalisa umzimba ngezinto eziwusizo, isivuno sempande sishukumisa umsebenzi we-hematopoietic system futhi sikhulise ukuqina kwezindonga zomkhumbi;
• Amavithamini namaminerali ekubunjweni kwempande zinendawo yokulwa nokuvuvukala ohlelweni lwezinzwa;
• Ama-carbohydrate aqukethe amazambane ama-sweet potato abandakanyeka ekwakheni imisipha, ehlonishwa ngokukhethekile ngabadlali bezobuchwepheshe;
• okuqukethwe kwamahomoni wesifazane kunomthelela ekwandeni kwe-libido yabesifazane futhi kuvame ukuphakanyiswa ukuba kusetshenziswe abesifazane ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.

I-onion-slizun, iklabishi yaseCale, i-watercress, i-meadow sage, i-jigsaw, i-dodder, i-chervil, isikhulu kanye ne-lyubka nayo ithonywe kahle i-robot yesisu.

Ukuzuza umzimba akulethi kuphela izilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo, kodwa futhi amahlumela aluhlaza.

Sebenzisa kumklamo we-landscape

I-Ipomoea yam yisitshalo esikhuphukayo, ngakho-ke sikwazi ukuvuselela iwindi elijwayelekile lefulethi noma ibhaluni, kodwa futhi linikeza ukubukeka kwezimbali esihlokweni segadi. Isici saso yikhono lokwenza imivimbo emifushane, ibonakala iyamangalisa ekuklanyeleni kwezwe njengendawo yokulima. Lokhu kusho ukutshala ukuhlobisa amatshe, ama-arbors, izicingo kanye nezinye izicingo. Ukuba isikhulu, lapho kuthuthukiswa i-Ipomoea ngokuqinile igxile ukwesekwa, eduze nalokho okutshalwe khona, ngaleyo ndlela kusiza ukuhlobisa indawo futhi kusize ukufihla ukwehluleka okukhona. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-varietal zenza ukudala izingqungquthela zangempela lapho zihlangene, ezenza ukuba kudalwe isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele sesakhiwo segadi noma indawo yepaki, kanti inkathi ende ehlobo-ekwindla iyathokozisa nge-palette ende yemibala nge-palette yemibala. Njengesitshalo esikhuphukayo, isitshalo se-ipomoea sibukeka sikhulu uma sikhulile ekubambeni izimbiza. Izimila ezinomdlandla nezitshalo ziwa kahle, futhi uma zihlangene nezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili ezihlukile zibukeka zihlaba umxhwele. Indlela ye-amulet ekhulayo iyakufanelekela izimo zesakhiwo segadini, ifulethi noma i-balcony futhi uyakwazi ukunikeza induduzo ngisho nengaphakathi elithobekile kakhulu.

Ukukhula nokunakekela izitshalo

I-Ipomoea yam ayiyona yezitshalo ezingenakuzithoba, kodwa inqubo yokukhula ayilethe inkinga enkulu. Ngezimo ezifanele zokulondoloza nokucabangela izidingo zesitshalo emhlabathini futhi ukuchelela i-ipomoea inokukhula okusheshayo kwamahlumela kanye nokusheshisa okusheshayo.

Funda ngemibala engavamile njenge-sundew, passionflower, nepentes, i-orchis, i-hoya, i-camellia ne-amorphophallus.

Izimo zokuboshwa

Ukwandisa amazambane amazambane endle yindlela ethandwa kakhulu. Uma utshala, qaphela ukuthi lesi sitshalo asibekezeleli ilanga eliqondile, kodwa likhetha izinga eliphakeme lokukhanya (ukukhanya kwelanga). I-ipomoea nayo ayikubekezeli izikhwama. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezingaseningizimu eziningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga ezingenayo iphoyisa ngaphandle kwezitshalo eziphakeme noma izitshalo zomthunzi zizofanelekela ukulima. Ngokuqondene nokutshala kwangaphakathi, kule ndawo, inkazimulo yekusasa isitshalo esingapheliyo. Isici sokulima okutshalwe ngaphakathi kukhona ukuthambekela kokutshala amaqabunga ngenkathi ebandayo ngokushisa okwanele ekamelweni.

Uyazi? I-Batat iyisiko lokudla esiyigugu. Kusuka kuwo, kanye namazambane, ukukhiqizwa kotshwala, isitashi, i-molasses kanye nofulawa.

Isidingo samazambane ama-sweet pot for lighting sifaka ukubeka emasendeni afanelwe kahle noma ama-balconi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukufinyelela komoya omusha kubalulekile, kodwa ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kwemidwebo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukulima kwangaphakathi kwe-Ipomoea akuvamile kakhulu kunendawo evulekile. Ukutshala izitshalo ezimweni zamakamelo kuzolingana nanoma yiziphi izimbiza eziningi noma izimbiza ezilenga.

Umhlabathi nomanyolo

Ukukhula amazambane amahle kudingwa inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma i-loamy ngezinga le-pH eliphakathi kuka-4.5 kuya ku-7, elihambisana nenhlabathi encane noma engekho emhlabathini. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukuxuba inhlabathi kukhule, kukhululekile futhi kukhishwe kahle. Emhlabathini "ompofu", i-ipomoea ibuye ikhule kahle, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo izilimo eziyizigaxa zikhula kakhulu, kanti ubukhulu obuhlaza abukona futhi bukhulu kakhulu. Umbala omningi emhlabathini onjalo, njengomthetho, akenzeki.

Ukunisela nokuswakama

"I-Potato Enhle" ikhetha umswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi ngaphandle kokuchichima okuphawulekayo. Ikakhulukazi efuna ukutshala umswakama ngesikhathi sokukhula nokusebenza kwezimbali. Izibonelo ezivuthiwe ziyakwazi ukubekezelela ukoma esifushane, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubukeka kwabo kokuhlobisa kulahlekile. Ngokuqondene nokukhuphuka, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-Ipomoea ziyakwazi ukubola, okuholela ekufeni kwezitshalo. Kungakhathaliseki indlela yokulima (yangaphakathi noma ngaphandle) kubalulekile ukulondoloza izinga eliphezulu lomswakama lomhlabathi, kodwa ngaphandle kwemithombo engaphezulu.

Kubalulekile! Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-ascorbic acid emashubhu kukhuthaza ukwanda komzimba womzimba. Ukusetshenziswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ekudleni kuyasiza ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokugula okuphefumulayo.

Uhlobo lokushisa

I-Ipomoea yam isitshalo sezitshalo ezishisayo, ngakho-ke sithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo sokukhula. Ibanga lokushisa elisezingeni eliphezulu livela ku-9 ºС kuya ku -29 ºС. Uma kukhula kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi emazingeni atshisayo aphansi ukukhula kwesitshalo kuyancipha, futhi lapho uphakeme kakhulu - isitshalo singafa ngokuphelele. Ngenkathi ebandayo yonyaka, lesi sitshalo kufanele sinikezwe ububanzi bokushisa kusuka ku +10 kuya ku-16 ºС. Njengoba isitshalo esithisa ukushisa, ama-potate awakwazi ukubusika esimweni sethu sezulu kanye nokushintshashintsha okuvamile emlandweni wokushisa, ngakho-ke unyaka wonke, okusho ukutshala izitshalo ezintsha zezinkathi ezizayo.

Ukukhiqizwa nokutshala

Ukutshala nokukhiqiza kungenziwa kalula ngezindlela ezimbili - ngokutshala imbewu noma ukusakazwa kwemifino (ukuxhunyelelwa), kodwa indlela ngayinye inezici zayo.

Izitshalo ezisakazwa ngokudla okunjengokuthi: i-cactus, i-tulip, i-kampsis ne-dieffenbachia.

Imbewu

Indlela yembewu yisikhathi esiningi sokudla. Naphezu kokuhluma okuphezulu kwembewu, azikho iziqinisekiso zokuthola amahlumela aqinile, kanti ukuhluma kwamahlumela okuqala kuthatha isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, indlela yembewu ivame ukukhiqizwa kuphela ngezinhloso zokuzalanisa ukuze kuzalwe izinhlobo ezintsha. Kulabo abangafuni izindlela ezilula zokulima, inqubo ngeke ibe nzima, futhi ukubekezela kuyokhokha ngokuphindwe kabili. Inqubo yokulungiselela nokufika ihamba ngezinyathelo kulokhu kulandelana kwezinyathelo:

• Isigaba 1: ukulungiselela umhlabathi. Inhlanganisela yomhlabathi yokutshala imbewu nokuhluma kwayo okusheshayo kufanele kube lula futhi kukhwanyiswe kunokuba lapho utshala izithombo, ngakho inhlabathi yokutshala kufanele ixubane nesihlabathi somfula ku-2: 1 isilinganiso. Le ngxube ingabuye ihlanjululwe ngenye ingxenye ye-vermiculite.

• Isigaba 2: Ukulungiselela imbewu yokuhlwanyela. Isiteji sokulungiselela siqukethe ukuklanywa nokukhishwa kwezinhlamvu zembewu. Inqubo yokucubungula ihlanganisa ukufaka imbewu emanzini noma isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate ngelanga "lokuvusa" nokuvuvukala. I-scarification ingumonakalo ohlosile kwigobolondo langaphandle lembewu (ukukhishwa) kokuhluma kwabo ekuqaleni.
• Isigaba 3: imbewu yokutshala. Imbewu elungiselelwe ihlwanyelwa kancane kancane enhlabathini yenhlabathi enomswakama futhi ifafazwe ngenhlabathi encane phezulu. Ukusheshisa ukuhluma kwezimbewu zokuqala ze-tank ngenzalo, kungenzeka ukumboza phezulu ngefilimu noma ingilazi, ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhambisa umoya wokushisa. Hamba "inkulisa" enjalo kufanele ibe ekamelweni elifudumele nelithambile (indawo). I-topsoil kufanele ihlanganiswe ngezikhathi ezithile ngebhodi le-spray, liyivimbele ekumeni.
• Isigaba 4: ukupheka nokutshala izithombo. Emva kwamasonto amabili, amahlumela okuqala azovela, futhi uma eqina futhi afinyelele ku-10-15 cm ukuphakama, angatshala (aphinde atshalwe) endaweni ehlala njalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, njengombuso, kusungulwa izimo zezulu ezishisayo, okwenza kube lula ukuhlala emhlabathini ovulekile.

Izigaba zokulungiselela ziphakathi kukaMeyi, futhi ukufika kufanele kwenziwe ngasekupheleni kwenyanga. Ngalesi simiso, ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kumele kuwele engxenyeni yokuqala kaJuni. Ukulima okungaphakathi kungakabaluleki uma "isimo sezulu" sendawo sigunyaza.

Uyazi? Kusukela ezinambeni ezinambithekile nezomhlabathi ezithambile, ungaphuza isiphuzo sekhofi - i-analogue yekhofi ngaphandle kwe "caffeine."

Vegetative

Indlela elula yokukhiqiza i-Ipomoea yi-vegetative, eyenziwa ngokusika amahlumela amadala noma amahlumela amancane avela ezihlakalweni. Indlela evelele yokutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa zamahlumela amancane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, emva kokubanda ubusika lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa zifakwa engxenyeni yenhlabathi futhi zifafazwe phezulu ngenhla encane (1-2 cm) yenhlabathi. Lapho amahlumela amancane eqina, kufanele aqoke ngokucophelela futhi afakwe encwadini yokulungiselela okumanzi ekhulayo. Ukuze ukwakhiwa okusheshayo kwezimpande, amahlumela asanda kushaywa angabekwa esitsheni ngamanzi kuze kutholakale ukwakheka kwawo okubonakalayo, ngemva kwalokho angatshala endaweni yokuhlala ehlala njalo. Uma ukutshala kuhlelwe emhlabathini ovulekile, amahlumela amancane ukuze aphile kangcono kufanele ahlwanyiswe ngendlela encane emibandela yegumbi, bese efika endaweni ehlala njalo. Ukwakheka kwamahlumela amancane ngasekupheleni kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo, lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa kumele zitshalwe kule substrate zobumba ngoFebhuwari.

Kubalulekile! Ukukhula okujwayelekile nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo, ukufika kufanele kwenziwe okwenziwe okungenani 20 cm komunye nomunye.

Izici zokunakekela, kuye ngokuthi indawo yokuboshwa

Akukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo ekunakekeleni isitshalo esitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile noma embizeni yembali. Umehluko kuphela ukuthi umswakama uphuthuma ngokushesha ezimweni zangaphandle, ngakho-ke ukuphuza inkazimulo yasekuseni emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele kwenziwe kaningi nangaphezulu kakhulu. Indlela ekhululekile kunazo zonke ngebanga elibikezelwe lingabhekwa njengokulima kwangaphakathi, kepha emkhakheni umphumela umvame ukuhlangabezana nakho konke okulindelwe.

Izinkinga ezinokwenzeka ekukhuleni

Azikho ubunzima obalulekile ekukhuleni i-Ipomoea yam, kepha kunamanje ama-nuances athile:

• indima ebalulekile idlalwe ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sonyaka kahlobo-ehlobo, okungathinta izinga lokukhula, futhi kwezinye izimo kuholela ekufeni kwesitshalo;
• Ikhwalithi yezimbali ingathinteka ukuhluleka ukulawula inani elangeni, okungaba ekugcineni kungabikho kombala ophelele emthini.

Ukugwema ubunzima ekukhuleni kuzosiza izitshalo zokufaka umanyolo ngesikhathi esifanele. Lokhu kungaba nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate) noma i-phosphate (superphosphate, i-phosphoric meal).

Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela

Amazambane amazambane ajwayelekile ukuthi adluliselwe ezifweni nasezinambuzane. Isifo esijwayelekile kakhulu se-fungal siyisitshalo sokubola, esivela ngokumelene nesizinda samanzi ahlala njalo. Ukuze ususe le fungus, kwanele ukususa izimpande ezigulayo, futhi usebenze inhlabathi nganoma yisiphi i-fungicide. Izidakamizwa ezisebenzayo-i-fungicides: Ingxube ye-Bordeaux, i- "Vitaros", ithusi le-sulfate, "Inzuzo", "Fitolavin" nabanye. "Vitaros"

Uyazi? Izilimo eziyizigaxa ze-Yam zikwazi ukufinyelela ubukhulu obukhulu - ngaphezulu kuka-30 cm ubude.

I-Ipomoea izinambuzane zitholakala kakhulu ezincelwaneni zesicabucabu nama-aphid. Ukulahlwa okusheshayo, isicelo esisodwa samakhemikhali e-insecticide sanele.Ukuze uzenzele ukwelashwa, ungasebenzisa isisombululo esivamile sosipho sokucubungula izitshalo. Izinambuzane ezinjalo ziphumelela kakhulu: "Aktellik", "Vertimek", "Envidor", "Soap Green", "Oberon" nabanye. "Actellic"

I-Ipomoea yam - isitshalo esikhuphuka esingakwazi ukuthuthukisa indawo elula kakhulu ye-landscape noma ibe umhlobiso ofanele wekhaya langaphakathi. Izidingo eziphansi zalesi sitshalo ziyakhanga kakhulu abalimi ukuba bakhule, futhi ukubukeka okuhle kakhulu kwezimbali kubangele konke ukukhathazeka okuncane okuvela enkambweni yokulima.

Ividiyo: Ipomoea yam

Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi