Indlela yokutshala nokukhula utamatisi "Tsunami"

Njalo ngonyaka emhlabeni kunezinhlobo eziningana zamatamatisi ezinama-immune nezifo, kanye nezivuno ezithuthukisiwe. Bobabili abaqalayo nabalimi abanolwazi banokuzikhethela okungenamkhawulo, hhayi ukuzivimbela ezinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi. Namuhla sizocabangela "i-tsunami" yamatamatisi, sizoxoxa ngamandla ayo, kanye nokutshala nokukhula.

Okuqukethwe:

• Ukubukeka kwezihlahla
• Izithelo nezivuno
• Amandla nobuthakathaka
• I-Agrotechnology
• Izithombo ezikhulayo
• Faka phansi
• Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
• Ukunakekela
• I-pretransplant
• Dive endaweni ehlala njalo
• Ukunakekelwa kwezitamatisi
• Ukunisela
• Ukuxhuma
• Ukwakha isihlahla
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu
• Izifo nezinambuzane
• Izinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi "Tsunami": ukubuyekezwa

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Le utamatisi uyathandwa phakathi kwabalimi ngenxa yokuvunwa okuphezulu kanye nokunambitheka okuhle kwesithelo.

Ukubukeka kwezihlahla

Lokhu kuyinhlobonhlobo ephakathi kwezinyanga zakuqala zika utamatisi, ene-shrub eqondile engu-50-60 cm phezulu, enkambeni yokukhula ingahamba 1 noma 2 iziqu. Amacwecwe amashidi aqoshiwe embala obala obala, abe nokubamba okubuthakathaka. Ubumnene buphakathi, amahlumela ahlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa okubuthakathaka. Inqubo yokukhula okudinga i-garter.

Kwesinye isitshalo kuze kufinyelele ku-6 amabhulashini akhiwa, yilowo nalowo izithelo ezingu-3-5 zivuthwe.

Phakathi kwamatamatisi anqunyiwe angaba izinhlobo ezihlukile "I-Raspberry Giant", "Klusha", "I-Chocolate", "i-Rio Fuego", "i-Riddle", i- "Stolypin", i- "Sanka", "Ngokusobala Invisible", "Lazyka", "Torbay F1" , "Pink Bush F1", "Bobcat", "Bokele F1", "Liana", "Primadonna", "Newbie", "Balcony Marvel", "Chio-Chio-San".

Izithelo nezivuno

Utamatisi abhalwe nge pink pink. Indawo eseduze nesitshalo sesithelo ayikho. Ukuma kuyisisindo esiphezulu; kwezinye izibonelo, kukhona ukubhoboza okubuthakathaka esifundeni sezintambo zesitshalo. Isisindo sesisindo sotamatisi singama 250-300 g uma sikhulile esitsheni esibamba ukushisa futhi singaba ngu-150-180 g emhlabathini ovulekile.

Izithelo zokuqala zivuthwe ezinsukwini ezingu-105-110 emva kokuhluma. Isivuno sesilinganiso esihlahleni ngasinye singama-3-3.5 kg, uma kunikezwa wonke umanyolo wamaminerali okudingekayo ngesikhathi sokukhula.

Izithelo zishiswa kabusha, kanye nokwakhiwa kwama saladi ehlobo. Utamatisi omnandi wenze amaju amnandi.

Amajusi nama-saladi amnandi atholakala ku-utamatisi "Amakhilogremu ayishumi", "Slot f1", "I-Crab yaseJapane", "i-Golden Domes", "i-Cap de Monomakh".

Amandla nobuthakathaka

Izinzuzo:

• izithelo ezinkulu ezinezambatho ezinhle zokuhweba;
• ukunambitha okuhle utamatisi;
• isivuno esikhulu.

Umthengi:

• Utamatisi abathinteka yi-blight;
• izithelo azifanelekile ukulondolozwa;
• ukuthuthwa okubi ngenxa yesikhumba esincane esincane.

Uyazi? Ukubunjwa kwamatamatisi kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo kuhlanganisa i-serotonin - i-hormone yenjabulo, eyenza ngcono isimo sengqondo, futhi ibuye ibe nomthelela obuthakathaka obuthakathaka.

I-Agrotechnology

Ibanga elithi "Tsunami" likhulile kokubili evulekile, nasemgodini ovaliwe. Indawo yokuhlala yefilimu ayidingekile uma ikhulile ezindaweni eziseningizimu yezulu esishisayo.

Izithombo ezikhulayo

Izithombo zihlwanyelwa izinsuku ezingu-50-60 ngaphambi kokungena emhlabathini ovulekile noma ukushisa. Uma uhlela ukutshala utamatisi emhlabathini omboziwe, izithombo kufanele zibhekiswe phakathi naphakathi kukaFebhuwari, ngenkathi evulekile - phakathi naphakathi kukaMashi.

Funda ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani inhlabathi izithombo, indlela yokuyibulala igciwane, indlela yokulondoloza isikhala, indlela yokukhulisa izithombo ngaphandle kwenhlabathi.

Faka phansi

Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu kumele unakekele ukuthengwa noma ukulungiswa kwe-substrate. Inhlabathi elungiselelwe ithululelwa emabhokisini alungiselelwe noma athathwe ensimini yensimu, i-disinfected (evuthayo), bese ixubene nomquba kanye namanzi amaminerali amancane.

Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-substrate ayilona okunomsoco kuphela, kodwa futhi ikhululekile, kungenjalo izitshalo ezincane zingatshala izimpande.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu

I-pre-inhlabathi emabhokisini ahambile, bese wenza ububanzi obuncane be-0.5 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemifula eseduze kufanele okungenani libe ngu-4-5 cm. Ukuhluma kwembewu kuhle, ngakho akufanele uqale ukutshala okunamandla.

Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi ilingana futhi iyanamanzi futhi ihlanganiswe ne-foil. Kubalulekile ukuthi indawo yokukhosela ingasebenzi, ngakho masinyane wenze izimbobo ezimbalwa ububanzi, lapho umoya ozogeleza khona ku-substrate.

Zazi ngokwakho isikhathi sokutshala utamatisi, amakhekhe, izithombo zokudla, ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.

Ukunakekela

Amabhokisi kumele atholakale eduze nokushisa imishini noma amabhethri ukuze amahlumela avele ekuqaleni. Ukushisa kufanele kube ngaphakathi + 20 ... +25 ° С. Ezimweni ezinjalo, imifino yokuqala izovela phakathi nesonto.

Ngemuva kokuba amahlumela abonakala, amabhokisi ezithombo aziswe endaweni ekhanyiswa ilanga. Uma kungekho, khona-ke kufanele uqaphele ukukhanyisa okuhle okufakelwayo, okudinga ama-incandescent ama-light "afudumele".

Emasontweni amabili alandelayo, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngokushisa kwelanga ngaphakathi + 15 ... +16 ° С nobusuku okungenani 12 ° С. Usuku lokukhanya oluhle ngamahora angu-11-12.

Kubalulekile! Lapho nje amahlumela okuqala ebonakala, ikhava yefilimu kufanele isuswe ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kwalokho izitshalo "ziyokhathala".

Ngeviki lesithathu emva kokushona kokuqala, izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lapho izithombo zikhule khona, ziphakanyiselwa ku-20 ... +22 ° С emini, futhi kuya ku-16 ... +17 ° С ebusuku, ukuze kuphuthumise ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla.

I-pretransplant

Lapho utamatisi omncane avela amaqabunga amaqiniso angu-2-3 (okungewona ama-cotyledonous), awela ezindebe ezihlukene. Ungathatha izinkomishi zepulasitiki ezingamamitha amahlanu noma izimbiza ezincane zezitshalo zasendlini. Uma ufuna ukukhulisa utamatisi ebhokisini ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini, bese uwafakelwa kabusha ukuze kube okungenani ibanga elingu-10 phakathi kwezitshalo eziseduze.

Ngaphambi kokukhetha inhlabathi kufanele ifakwe, okuzosiza ukugwema umonakalo ohlelweni lwempande. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-substrate entsha ayihluke kakhulu ekuklanyeni nasezindaweni zamanzi kusukela esikhathini esidlule.

Ukuze ugweme ukukhula kokuvinjelwa ngemuva kokufakelwa isitshalo, kunconywa ukuba usebenzise inani elincani le-nitrogen fertilizer. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi uma amahlathi ekhona kakade inqwaba yezingxenye eziluhlaza, umanyolo onjalo ungaphazamisa isikhathi sokuhluma, kanye nekhwalithi nobuningi bamatamatisi. Umanyolo we-nitrojeni usetshenziswa lapho kwenzeka izitshalo ngemuva kokuthuthukiswa.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, utamatisi utshalwa ngaphambi kokuya endaweni ehlala njalo. 1-2 amasonto ngaphambi kokufika okuhlongozwayo endaweni evulekile / ivaliwe, kunconywa ukuba lukhuni izithombo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukwehlisa kancane izinga lokushisa kulokho okuhambelana nokushisa kwomoya emgwaqweni noma ku-greenhouse. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ugweme izifo ezivela ngenxa yokudluliswa kwezithombo kusuka ekushiseni kuya kubanda.

Dive endaweni ehlala njalo

Izithombo zitshalwe endaweni enomphela ezinsukwini ezingama-50-60, kodwa lokhu kuyisiqondiso esiseduze, ngakho-ke akufanele udilize izithombo uma zibukeka ubuhlungu noma ingxenye engenhla ingakhiwa kahle.

Okokuqala udinga ukulungisa inhlabathi: sebenzisa i-humus noma i-compost, umanyolo wamaminerali, bese uyikhulula ukuze uhlelo lwezitamatisi lukwazi ukuthola umoya-mpilo.

I-swoop ehlathini ngokuvumelana nesimiso se-60x40, okungukuthi, u-40 cm kufanele ubuyiselwe phakathi kwezitshalo zomakhelwane ezilandelanayo, no-60 cm emkhatsini wemigqa, wonke amanzi futhi ahlanganiswe emgodini.

Funda indlela yokutshala utamatisi ku-greenhouse kanye nomhlabathi ovulekile.

Uma ilanga lingaphandle, kuyoba usizo ukumboza utamatisi ngotshani, amaqabunga noma izinto ezivumela i-oksijini ukuba idlule usuku. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze nje izihlahla ezitshalisiwe zingalahlekelwa umthamo omkhulu ngokusebenzisa izitho ezingenhla.

Uma izithombo zihlwanyelwe endaweni yokushisa, khona-ke udinga ukudala izimo ezifanele ngaphambi kokukhetha. Umswakama womhlabathi kufanele ube ngu-70-80%, nomoya womswakama - 60-65%. Izinkomba ezinjalo zivumela izithombo ukuba zenzeke ngokushesha endaweni entsha.

Ukunakekelwa kwezitamatisi

Ukunakekela utamatisi ekushiseni okushisa kanye nasensimini kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ekamelweni elivaliwe inkinga ukunyuka okubukhali emanzini omswakama, kanye nokubunjwa kwe-condensate. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-greenhouse kumele ibe njalo umoya futhi ihlome ihholo.

Kubalulekile! Ezimweni zokushisa, amahlumela asetshalwe ekushiseni kwe + 18 ... +24 °Uyajabula, futhi + 15 ... i-+18 °Ngobusuku. Amaconsi amakhulu azobangela ukubonakala kwezifo.

Ukunisela

Utamatisi ungaphila isomiso esifushane, uma nje bephilile futhi banokufinyelela kuzo zonke izakhi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuvimbela ukoma komhlabathi akufanelekile. Ukunisela kuyenzeka ekuseni noma kusihlwa, ukuhambisa umhlabathi ukuze uhlale ukhululekile, futhi ungaphenduki ube yisisindo esibucayi.

Ukuxhuma

I-mulch ifakwa kokubili ezindlini zokugcina izithombo nasemhlabathini ovulekile. Lokhu kusindisa isikhathi sokukhipha isisindo nokusikhulula, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngokunisela, kuvimbela ukubola kwezithelo ezixhumene nenhlabathi, futhi kuvimbela i-substrate ukuba iphele.

I-straw, sawdust nezinaliti zisetshenziselwa umquba. Ungakwazi ukumboza izinto ezikhethekile, kodwa kuyabiza kakhulu phambi kwe-squareings squareings.

Funda ukuthi ungathambisa kanjani utamatisi emibhedeni yokushisa neyensimu, ukuthi ungakhetha kanjani indaba yokuhlanganisa.

Ukwakha isihlahla

Ifomati "Tsunami" ifomu 1 noma 2 amahlumela. Susa izingane zokutholwa ezintsha ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ulondoloze izinsiza zezitshalo. Inqubo yokukhipha amaqabunga owomile kanye namagqabhethi ayenziwa kuphela ekuseni, emva kwalokho izitshalo azizinanzi ngosuku.

Funda kabanzi mayelana namatamatisi pasynkov.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Njalo ngemva kwamasonto ama-1.5 emva kokushayela, utamatisi udliwe endaweni enomphela enezikhukhula ezimanzi. Ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye singabi ngaphezu kwe-1 litre isisombululo se-mullein, sihlanjululwe emanzini 1 kuya ku-10. Lokhu kudliwa kwenziwa ngaphambi kokubonakala kwama-ovari.

Emva kokwenza umquba wamaminerali, lapho kukhona inqwaba ye potassium ne-phosphorus. Kusukela ku-nitrogen fertilizing kufanele ishiywe ukuze ungalahlekelwa isabelo sezingonyama zesitshalo.

Kubalulekile! Zonke umquba zisetshenziselwa kuphela emva kokuchelela.

Ividiyo: indlela yokudla utamatisi

Izifo nezinambuzane

Izifo eziyinhloko ezithinta lezi zinhlobonhlobo utamatisi yi-phytosporosis kanye ne-cladosporioz.

I-Phytosporosis - Kuyinto isifo sefungal of izitshalo ezingasakazwa kusuka isivuno esisodwa solanaceous kuya kwelinye eseduze.

• Izimbangela zokubukeka: umswakama ophezulu, ukunakekelwa okwanele, ukutholakala kwezinsalela zezitshalo ezithintekile kule ndawo.
• Izimpawu: amaqabunga, amahlumela kanye ne-stalk baqala ukuphendula abamnyama nabomile, emva kwalokho izithelo ezivuthiwe neziluhlaza zimbozwa izilonda ezimnyama nokubola.
• Ukwelashwa: I-Fitosporin, i-Bordeaux ingxube, i-oxychloride yethusi, nezidakamizwa ezifanayo.
• Ukuvimbela: Lungisa ukushintshanisa kwezitshalo (ungatshali i-nightshade endaweni efanayo), ukucubungula amathuluzi, ukuhlinzekela ukwelashwa kwembewu nge-potassium permanganate.

Cladosporiosis - Isifo se-fungal esithinta kakhulu utamatisi namakhukhamba.

• Izimbangela zokubukeka: umoya ophezulu kakhulu (umswakama), ukunakekelwa okubi, ukutheleleka kusuka kwezitshalo ezingomakhelwane.
• Izimpawu: amabala emhlane nasemaceleni amaqabunga, okugcina ekuthinta lonke ipuleti, emva kwalokho okufa kwenzeka.
• Ukwelashwa: ukwelashwa kokuthungatha nanoma yikuphi amalungiselelo ensimbi.
• Ukuvimbela: ukulawula umswakama emoyeni endlini yokushisa, imodi efanele yokunisela, ukunciphisa izitshalo.

Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, utamatisi "ngokwemvelo" ethinteka yizinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, njenge-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu, kanye nokukala izinambuzane. Angabhujiswa yinoma iyiphi inambuzane. Ungasebenzisa isisombululo sesephu noma isisombululo se-aqueous of wood ash.

Uyazi? Ngesikhathi ukwelashwa kokushisa, izithelo azilahlekelwa izakhiwo zazo ezizuzisayo, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, ziphenduka ifomu elithandwa ngumzimba womuntu.

Ukwandisa "i-tsunami" yamatamatisi ekhaya kuyinto elula, unikezwe zonke izingozi, futhi ungaqhubeki nje kuphela emiyalweni, kodwa kusuka esimweni sangempela sezitshalo. Khumbula ukuthi lezi zinhlobonhlobo azikwazi ukuhlwanyela ngqo emhlabathini, njengoba izitshalo ezincane zizobhujiswa yi-fungus.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezitamatisi "Tsunami": ukubuyekezwa