Indlela yokutshala nokukhula utamatisi "Tlakolula de Matamoros"

Utamatisi "i-Tlakolula de Matamoros" idume hhayi kuphela ngegama layo langempela, kodwa futhi ngenxa yezici zalo ezinhle kakhulu. Utamatisi unesimo esingavamile, ukunambitheka okumangalisayo, ngenkathi ukunakekelwa okungenakuzithoba futhi akudingi izimo ezikhethekile zokukhula. Ake sithole ukuthi yini enye ephawulekayo kulezi zihlukahlukene.

Okuqukethwe:

• Izithelo nezivuno
• Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
• Umhlabathi nomanyolo
• Izimo ezikhulayo
• Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya
• Ukulungiselela imbewu
• Okuqukethwe nezindawo
• Inqubo yokutshala imbewu
• Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
• Ukutshala izithombo endaweni yokushisa
• Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zezitshalo ze-tomato ezikhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile
• Izimo zangaphandle
• Inqubo yokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
• Ukunisela
• Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula
• Masking
• Ibhande le-Garter
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu
• Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
• Ukuvuna nokugcina
• Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka
• Hlunga "i-Tlakolula de mathamoros": ukubuyekezwa

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Utamatisi "i-Tlakolula de Matamoros", indawo okuzalwa kuyo iMexico, ingokwezinhlobo ezikude, ezide neziphezulu ezinikezelayo. Ubungqayizivele obutamatisi yifomu layo elingajwayelekile, eliphakathi kwe-pear ne-ribbed: izithelo zibanzi ngezansi, phezulu kuncane. Okuphezulu kuphuzi kanti konke okubomvu kubomvu.

Uyazi? Igama lesitshalo esitholwa egameni lelidolobha elincane laseMexico iTlakolula (Tlacolula) laseMatamoros, lapho lisakaze khona imbewu yokuqala.

Isihlahla side, ukuphakama kwayo kungafinyelela kumamitha amabili. Ikhula ngokushesha futhi kahle - maduzane kubonakala amabhulashi amade ngesamba sezingcezu ezingu-3-7, lapho izithelo zivuthwa kamuva. "I-Tlakolula de matamoros" ivuthisa izinsuku ezingu-90-100 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu.

Lokhu kuhlukahluka kunezinhlobo eziningana:

1. Pink noma Pink. Unegama layo ngenxa yombala wezithelo. Utamatisi unesimo esiyindilinga, ngezinye izikhathi sibe nomdwebo we-pear. Utamatisi unomusa omuhle, omnandi kakhulu, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwesamba esikhulu ushukela kuwo. I-Pink inconywa kubantu abahlukumeza ukudla okubomvu.

   

2. Okuphuzi Ihluke kumbala ophuzi ogcwele, ifomu le-ridge. Inyama iyamanzi futhi ithanda kakhulu, ifana ne-chrysanthemum esigabeni.

   

3. Mhlophe Ngokuvame ukukhula emkhakheni wesifunda sethu, ngoba kungenasisekelo ekunakekeleni, kudinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Utamatisi omuncu uyamanzi futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sinomsoco, kufana nokunambitheka kwezithelo esikhundleni semifino.

   

Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo eziqoqiwe utamatisi ziyingqayizivele kakhulu futhi ziyi-whimsical ekunakekeleni. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole isivuno esihle kanye nekhwalithi ephakeme yezithelo kubo, kubalulekile ukunikeza izimo ezifanele ezizodinga isikhathi esiningi nomzamo kusuka kubalimi.

Izithelo nezivuno

Isici esikhethekile se "Tlakolula de Matamoros" yindawo ekhonjisiwe ye-utamatisi, okukhumbuza ama-mandarin tincetu. Umbala utamatisi ungashintsha, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo: kusuka ezimhlophe nokuphuzi kuya kumnyama futhi obomvu ocebile. Isisindo sesithelo esisodwa sisuka ku-100 kuya ku-300 g.

Phakamisa isitshalo ezinsukwini ezingu-90-100 ngemva kokuhlwanyela. Ukuze isivuno esikhulu, 1-2 iziqu kufanele zakhiwe. Izithelo ezihlathini zivela ezihlahleni, lapho kusuka uthathu kuya ku-7 utamatisi uvuthwe ebhulashi ngayinye.

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinamnandi kakhulu. Utamatisi unomsoco onotamatisi omnandi ngamanothi amnandi. Zisetshenziswa kabusha noma ukulungiselela ama-saladi, izitsha ezihlukahlukene, amalungiselelo ebusika, njll.

Ukukhethwa kwezithombo

Ngokuvamile ukutshala "i-Tlakolula de Matamoros" kwenziwa ngaphandle, ezimweni ezingavamile ngaphandle. Ukutshala izitshalo kufanele uthenge izithombo ezivela ezimakethe nasemasitolo ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezingafani, njengeTlakolula de Matamoros, zidinga ukugcinwa ngokucophelela, kodwa isivuno sabo siphakeme. Hlola izici ze-utamatisi "U-Honey", "Puzata hata", "I-De Barao black", "iJubilee Tarasenko", i- "Makhitos", "I-Grapefruit", i- "Rapunzel", i- "Black Prince", "i-Niagara", "i-truffle yaseJapan", "Pink Flamingo", "Mazarin", "Kumato", "Ugogo".

Uma ukhetha izithombo, umuntu kufanele aqaphele lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. Uhlelo lomsuka. Izimpande kumele zibe namandla, hhayi ezomile futhi zingabolile.
2. Isiqu. Esikhathini esitshalo esihle, siphelile, sinobukhulu, umbala ofanelwe ngaphandle kwamabala amnyama. Ubukhulu obuhle - ngepensela noma okuncane kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo akumele kudlule u-30 cm, futhi inani lamaqabunga - 10-12.
3. Amahlamvu. Amaqabunga afanele abe ne-tomato ephawulekayo, anemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, angenawo amabala, ama-blotches noma amnyama. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubuka ukuhlola ngaphansi kweqabunga lamacembe ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ayikho amaqanda ezinambuzane. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi umbala ohlaza okwenziwe amaqabunga, okwenziwe ngezansi, futhi owenziwe phansi, ubonisa ukuthi kusetshenziswe umanyolo omkhulu wamaminerali ngesikhathi sokulima. Kungcono ukungathathi izithombo ezinjalo.
4. Ubudala bezithombo. Indlela engcono kakhulu izitshalo ezincane, ezinsukwini ezingama-45-60 ubudala.

Umhlabathi nomanyolo

Utamatisi, nakuba kungabonakali ukulima, ngeke kukhule kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Awufanelekile inhlabathi enomhlabathi kakhulu ngokweqile kwama-fertilizer eziphilayo. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhetha ukukhululeka, zigcwele izakhi, izitshalo ezimanzi ezinomsoco, inhlabathi encane futhi efudumele. Izwa kabi emthunzini.

Ukuzikhethela kwezinhlobo zeladi kuyinto ukunambitheka kanye nokuba khona kwemali enkulu, abameleli abaqhakazile yi "Monomakh's Hat", "Batyana", "Golden Domes", "Slots f1", "One One Poods", "Madeira", "Crab Japanese", "Pink Honey" "," Pink Giant "," Bokele "," Ox Heart "," Isihambi. "

Utamatisi ahlonishwa kahle ezindaweni lapho zucchini, izitshalo, iklabishi, anyanisi, kanye namakhukhamba zazikhulile.

Ngaphambi kokufika, umhlabathi kufanele ulungiselelwe ngokucophelela:

• yenza umanyolo wamaminerali nama-humus;
• ukhulule futhi ukhululeke;
• uhlanzekile kunokhula.

Izwe elilungiselelwe kahle lizosiza isiko ukuba sikhule ngokushesha futhi sikhule uhlelo oluqinile lwempande.

Izimo ezikhulayo

"I-Tlakolula de mathamoros" iyinhlobonhlobo ye-thermophilic, lapho ikhulile, idinga ukukhanya okuhle nokushisa okwanele. Uma isitshalo sinikezwa ukukhanya okuhle amahora angu-12-16, singakha ama-stems amabili, ngaphandle kwalokho kuphela. Esihlahleni esisodwa, ama-brush ayisi-5-6 ashiywe, iphoyinti likhonjiwe, futhi amaqabunga amabili kuphela asele ngaphezulu kwebhulashi ephezulu.

Ngokuqondene nokushisa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqapha izinga laso futhi kungavumeli ukwanda. Ngokushisa okuqinile, lesi sitshalo sizokwenza, siphenduke futhi sichithe amaqabunga awo. Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu ku-20-25 ° C.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa isiko esihle somswakama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, utamatisi uzwela kakhulu ukuchichima. Kunconywa ukuwahambisa lapho isisindo sesomile siphelile ngokuphelele. Emva kokutshala izithombo zotamatisi kufanele zihanjiswe ngobuningi, futhi ukuvimbela ukukhuphuka okusheshayo kobumswakama, umhlabathi ungagcwaliswa ngendwangu yesithombo noma ihlanganiswe ne-peat.

Njalo amasonto amabili kubalulekile ukwenza umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nemvelo, ngokusekelwe ku-1 square. m - 10 l yesisombululo. Esikhathini sokubunjwa kwezithelo njengendlela yokugqoka ephezulu ukusebenzisa i-magnesium sulfate.

Kubalulekile! Uma usebenzisa umanyolo kufanele uqondiswe umthetho: "Kungcono ukuphelelwa amandla kunokwedlula ngokweqile."

Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya

Uma kukhona ukungabaza ngekhwalithi yezithombo ezithengiwe, zingatshalwa ekhaya.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Njengoba lezi zihlukahlukene ziqoqwa, kunconywa ukuthenga imbewu kuphela ezitolo ezikhethekile. Ukukhulisa izithombo kudingeka kwenziwe okulandelayo:

• imbewu ihlolwe ukuhluma, igumbi ligcwele amanzi amancane - lezo zingqolowa eziwela phansi zisetshenziselwa ukukhula izithombo;
• Izithelo eziphezulu zihambisa isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-20;
• yenza "ukuqina" kwezinhlamvu, ukubeka endaweni ebandayo izinsuku ezingu-2-3, bese evulekile;
• imbewu ephathwe nomgqugquzeli wokukhula.

Thola ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani imbewu yezintana.

Okuqukethwe nezindawo

Kunconywa ukuthi ukhule izithombo ezindizeni ezincane noma ezinkomishini zeplastiki, lapho zingadluliselwa khona kalula emhlabathini ovulekile, noma emabhokisini angajulile akhiwe.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu

Ngokutshala imbewu ephathwayo ngaphambili, kungcono ukusebenzisa inhlabathi evulekile, enomanzi, engahlanjululwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa kwefungi.

Kubalulekile! Isigaba sokungcola kwenhlabathi akufanele siphuthelwe, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-pathogens ayobhubhisa amahlumela esizayo.

Emhlabathini, yenza ukucindezeleka okuncane kuya ku-1.5 cm, lapho kufakwa khona imbewu eyodwa.

Uma ukwehla kwenziwa ebhokisini, ke:

• isitsha sigcwele inhlabathi enomswakama futhi senze iziqu ezincane kuze kufike ku-1.5 cm ejulile;
• imbewu ihlwanyelwe kude 4-5 cm komunye nomunye;
• imigodi efafazwe ngendwangu encane yenhlabathi;
• inhlabathi iyanamanzi;
• Isiqukathi sigcwele ingilazi noma ukugoqa eplastiki ukudala i-microclimate evumayo ngomswakama ohlala njalo wama-80-90%.

Nsuku zonke kunconywa ukuba uhlole umhlabathi womswakama, futhi uma kwenzeka ukungabi khona kwawo uchithe umhlabathi ngesibhamu se-spray.

Ividiyo: ukutshala utamatisi for izithombo

Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo

Emva kokuhluma amahlumela, le filimu kumele isuswe ukuze ibanikeze ukukhanya okwanele. Okulandelayo, lesi sitshalo sinisela ngamanzi njengoba inhlabathi iyoma. Akufanele kuthululwe, ngoba umswakama owedlule unomphumela omubi ohlelweni oluyisisusa esiphuthumayo futhi lungabangela ukuthi lubole.

Ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu emva kokuvela kwezithombo, kubalulekile ukuhambisa - ukufakelwa kube yiziqukathi ezihlukene, ukujulisa iziqu emaceleni e-cotyledon. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo singcono ukungenzi ilanga eliqondile. 2 amasonto emva kokufakelwa kabusha, kutuswa ukuba ukondle amahlumela usebenzisa imikhiqizo ekhethekile noma izinyoni ze-droppings.

Funda ukuthi ungondla kanjani izithombo zamatamatisi.

Emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, baqala ukuqina. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isitshalo senziwa nsuku zonke emgwaqweni, amahora amabili. Ngolunye usuku ngaphambi kokutshala, izithombo zenziwa usuku lonke.

Ividiyo: indlela yokukhipha utamatisi

Ukutshala izithombo endaweni yokushisa

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, izithombo kufanele zifakwe endaweni yokushisa. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kusihlwa. Amahlumela atshalwa emigodini ejulile, kuze kufike ku-18-20 cm, ebangeni elingamamitha amahlanu ukusuka komunye nomunye. Kunconywa ukubeka ama-50 g wezinkuni ash ehlanganiswe nomhlabathi phansi komgodi, futhi wengeze ama-humus ne-turf ngokulinganisela okulinganayo emhlabathini ngokwawo.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungatshala kanjani utamatisi ku-greenhouse.

Lapho izihlahla zikhula kancane, zikhothama, zidonsa isiqu emhlabathini kanye nenhlabathi encane yokufafaza. Utamatisi udinga ukuchelela okuhle.

Emasontweni amabili kamuva, lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux liquid, esizoyivikela ezimpilweni nasezifo ezihlukahlukene.

Uyazi? Njengoba kucabangela ukuthi izithelo zombala utamatisi ezibomvu, ezibomvu zifana nenhliziyo, amaFulentshi abanika igama elithi "pomme d'amour" - "thanda ama-apula".

"I-Tlakolula de matamoros" ku-greenhouse

Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zezitshalo ze-tomato ezikhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukufeza izindinganiso eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe bezolimo kanye nokunakekelwa okwesikhashana ngesitshalo, ngisho nensimu engadini engenalwazi ingazuza isivuno esihle kuso. Ngokuvamile i-Tlakolula de Matamoros cultivar ikhulile ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, kodwa, ezindaweni ezifudumele, isitshalo sizovuleka.

Izimo zangaphandle

Ubuchwepheshe bokutamatisi obukhulayo endaweni evaliwe bulula futhi buhle kakhulu ezihlukahlukene "Tlakolula de Matamoros". Kodwa isivuno saleso sitshalo ngeke sithembele endaweni yokukhula kwayo, kodwa ekunakekeleni okufanele futhi okufika ngesikhathi, okubangelwa ukuchelela okufanele, ukukhulula, ukudla, nokwakha isihlahla.

Ukukhula "i-Tlakolula" ensimini - ibhizinisi eliyingozi, noma kunjalo, uma ulandela zonke izincomo, kuyiqiniso ngempela.

• Yiqiniso, isikhathi sokutshala izithombo ezindaweni zangaphakathi nangaphandle zihlukile. Ukufika kuleli cala lokugcina lenziwa uma usongo lwezingqimba zingadlulela.
• Utamatisi yizitshalo ezithandekayo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuba zikhethe izindawo ezikhanyisiwe, kodwa ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile, ngaphandle kwemidwebo nemimoya eqinile.
• Kunconywa ukutshala utamatisi ezindaweni eziphakeme lapho kungekho khona ukuqhuma kwamanzi.
• Kunconywa ukuba ulungise umhlaba wokulima ekuwa: sebenzisa umanyolo emhlabathini, ususe ukhula.
• Kubalulekile ukucacisa izinga le-acidity yenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala, njengoba ukukhula kwalo kukhula kunciphisa isikhathi sokukhula.
• Izisulu zokulungiselela utamatisi yizinkoma, zucchini, izaqathe, anyanisi, ubhontshisi.
• Izindawo ezinomquba omusha azifanele ukutshala.

Inqubo yokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile

Kungcono ukuhlela imisebenzi yokufika ngosuku oludlulayo noma ntambama. Indlela yokutshala utamatisi ifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezisesimo sezulu esishisayo, kodwa ezindaweni ezihambisana nezimo zesimo sezulu kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela yokutshala.

Izithombo, ezihlwanyelwe ngaphambili imbewu, zitshalwe kanje:

1. Bamba umgodi ekujuleni kwe-20 cm.
2. Ngaphansi kwalo yenza i-peat encane nama-humus, 1 tbsp. l superphosphate, 0.5 tbsp. l umlotha no-1 tsp. i-magnesium sulfate.
3. Izithombo zifakwa emhlabathini ukuze ohlangothini olungezansi luqubuze ngokuphelele emhlabathini, ikakhulukazi oluqondile, ukufafaza inhlabathi kuphela umgodi.
4. Ibanga eliphakathi kwehlathini kumele libe ngu-30 cm, phakathi kwemigqa - okungenani i-70 cm.

Kubalulekile! Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi ukhula olufana ne-horsetail, oxalis, ne-sorrel alukhuleli eduze, okubangela ukwanda kwenhlabathi ye-acidity.

Ukunisela

Izinhlobo zeTomate "Tlakolula de matamoros" kumele ziphuze kuphela empandeni, ngaphandle kokuthinta amahlamvu. Ukunciphisa izithombo kunconywa ukuba uqale amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuphuma kwawo. Lesi sitshalo sithanda ukuchelela okuningi - okungenani ilitha elilodwa lamanzi ahleliwe, hhayi amakhaza ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa.

Uma ukhulile endaweni yokushisa, neminye imithetho yokunisela nokufaka umquba iyasebenza.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, utamatisi ubekezelela umswakama ngokweqile phezu kwamanzi. Esikhathini sezulu sezulu kungcono ukungabi amanzi; ezinsukwini ezinamafu, inani lokuchelela kufanele lifinyelelwe izikhathi ezimbili ngesonto, futhi ngesikhathi esishisayo, umswakama kufanele wanda kaningi, njengoba isisindo soma.

Uma, ngenxa yobuningi bomhlabathi, amanzi aphethwe kahle, kufanele wenze ama-punctures ambalwa nge-pitchfork noma peg. Ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi luphele, kuphakanyiswa ukuba uhambise kahle ngomhlabathi.

Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula

Inqubo yokutshala utamatisi idinga umhlaba njalo uphinde ukhula. Imisebenzi enjalo izokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande nokwandisa ukugeleza kwezakhi ezivela emhlabathini. Ukulimala kuqhutshwa kabili: ngenkathi kusetshenzwa izimbali nezithelo. Ukukhululeka komhlabathi kwenziwa emva kokudla kokubili.

Ukuhlwanyela izitshalo kwenziwa njengoba kudingekile, ukugwema ukunqwabelana kwezihlahla. Ukulimala kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngemva kwemvula enamandla, ngoba inhlabathi evundiwe iyisimo esihle sokukhula okusebenzayo kokhula oluhlukahlukene.

Utamatisi ngokukhethekile udinga umhlabathi ohlanzekile:

• lapho utshala izithombo;
• ngesikhathi sokukhula okujulile;
• ngesikhathi utamatisi wezimbali kanye nokuvuthwa.

Uyazi? Kusukela ekubukeni kwesibhakabhaka, isithelo se-utamatisi akuyona imifino, kodwa iberry elikhulu, elinomsoco.

Masking

Ukufakwa kwamatamatisi - ukwakheka kwehlathini - kumele kuqale ekuqaleni kukaJune, amasonto amabili emva kokutshala. Le nqubo izosusa amahlumela engeziwe, abuthakathaka, ngaleyo ndlela aqinise futhi aphuculise isitshalo, futhi ahlinzeke ngokufanele ukunikezwa kwezakhi kumakhasi kanye nezithelo.

Ukunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zisuswe, okokuqala udinga ukuthola ukuthi i-brush yokuqala ivela kuphi. Ngaphansi kwalokhu kushaywa yi-stem, okuzoba yisidingo sokutholwa esibalulekile. Bonke abantwana abathintekayo bangabamba ngezandla ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ummese noma umsila. Masking iyenziwa njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10-12.

Uma lesi sitshalo singakhiwanga, ihlathi langempela lenziwa embhedeni. Ku "Tlakolula de Matamoros" kuyadingeka ukushiya iziqu ezingu-1-2, ezizokhula ngamabhulashi angu-5-7 ngezimbali. Ukwakhiwa kwesihlahla ukukhipha amahlamvu aphansi, kuyilapho phakathi kwamaqabunga kanye nomhlabathi kufanele kube ibanga elingenani okungama-30 cm

Ngemuva kokuba ibhulashi lifakwe, udinga ukuchofoza ithiphu ukuze umise ukukhula kwesitshalo.

Lapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa, kubalulekile ukususa wonke amaqabunga omisiwe namadala asehlathini.

Ibhande le-Garter

Inqubo yokutshala utamatisi wesihlahla ingafinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha amabili, ngakho-ke kufanele iboshwe. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, iziqu zingase ziphule ngaphansi kwesisindo esikhulu, kanti izithelo ezixhumana nomhlabathi zizoqala ukuwohloka.

Kunezindlela eziningana zokugubha utamatisi:

1. Indlela yendabukolapho lesi sitshalo siboshwe esitokisini sokhuni noma sensimbi. Esihlahleni ngasinye ngasinye sisebenzisa isikhonkwane esithile. Njengengxenye ye-subwoofer, kungcono ukusebenzisa amathrekhi wezindwangu ezithambile, izintambo ezihlukahlukene ezingezona eziqinile. Kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ukubopha umugqa noma izindophi ezincane ezizophoqa isiqu.
2. Indlela ye-Shpaler. Ama-lanes afakwe ebangeni elithile ukusuka komunye nomunye, phakathi kwawo ngokungahambisani ukuxubha ucingo. Phakathi kwemigqa yocingo ugcine ibanga elingaba ngu-45 cm. Kule design ukuhlanganiswa imigqa yamatamatisi.
3. Indlela eqondayo. Isisekelo salo sisebunyeni phakathi kwezingubo eziphakathi nendawo abelulela ucingo, lapho intambo ihamba khona evela ehlathini ngalinye. Kulesi simo, ukuphela kwesinye kwendophi kugxile esiteshini.
4. Imodi yeselula. Ngesihlahla ngasinye se-utamatisi, iseli ekhethekile (ifreyimu) yocingo idalwa. Izingcezu zocingo ziboshwe e-arc futhi zihlangene nezinye izingcezu. Okulandelayo, i-cell igxila phansi kuze kube ngaphansi kwe-cm 15, kanti isihlahla siboshwe ngentambo.

Kubalulekile! Ngokuvamile, imbangela yesifo sotamatisi yizifo ezidala zonyaka odlule "zithunyelwa" esitshalweni. Yingakho ekuxhumaneni udinga ukusebenzisa izintambo ezintsha kuphela.

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-garter enekhono ingenye yezici eziyinhloko ezithonya ikhwalithi yesitshalo kanye nevolumu yayo.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Utamatisi udinga ukondla njalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqinisekisa ngenkathi kuhlanganiswa izithelo nezimbali. Izitshalo ziphakanyiswa ukuba zisetshenziswe ntambama ukuze kuvinjelwe utamatisi kusuka ekushiseni.

Kusho ukudla kufanele kukhethwe ngokusekelwe esimweni sezamatamatisi:

• uma lesi sitshalo sibonakala sigula, futhi uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka unombala obalahlekile, udinga ukunakekela ukwengeza udaba oluphilayo emhlabathini, isibonelo, i-mullein;
• amahlamvu aphuzi abonisa ukugqitha kwe-phosphorus;
• uma amahlamvu eba nsomi, udinga ukwandisa inani le-phosphorus;
• ukukhula okusheshayo kwehlathini kubonisa ukuthi kukhona umanyolo owandayo we-nitrogen;
• uma kutholakala amaqabunga, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukudla nge potassium.

Izitshalo kufanele zisetshenziswe emithini ekhonjisiwe kumaphakheji, uma izindlela ezithengiwe zisetshenziswa. Ungalungisa isixazululo ngokwakho, kusuka ku-1 kg womquba kuya ku-10 amalitha amanzi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwetamatisi kufanele kuhlanganiswe nokuchelela.

Hlola ama-nuances we-utamatisi we-pollinate ku-greenhouse.

Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela

Izifo zika utamatisi zingabonakalisa kokubili ezimweni zokushisa kanye nasensimini. Izifo ziyi:

• uhlobo lwegciwane;
• uhlobo lwefayili;
• uhlobo lwebhaktheriya.

Ngokuvamile, utamatisi uyathinteka yizifo ezilandelayo zegciwane:

1. I-bronze - kubonakaliswa ngokubilisa amahlamvu kanye nokuphikisana kwawo. Izimila ezihlala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zithinteka kakhulu lesi sifo. Amabala aluhlaza akhiwa ngezithelo, ezibonakala kamuva emaqabunga. Lesi sifo asikwazi ukwelashwa, kodwa ku-45 ° C umphumela wegciwane uyama.

   Utamatisi we-brron on the izithelo

2. I-Yellow Curly - Kulula ukucacisa ngokubonakala kwesithelo: baba nombala ongathandeki, umbala ongalingani nehlukaniso emkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igciwane, elibangelwa i-whitefly, liholela ekugubungeni nasekukhuliseni amaqabunga.

   I-curl ephuzi kumaqabunga utamatisi

3. Okuphezulu kwe-Bushy - kuthinta isitshalo se-greenhouse ebusika: amaqabunga ashibilika bese elula, abe amachashazi amancane avela kuwo, kamuva avela ezindaweni ezimhlophe. Ngenxa yokuchayeka okunjalo, utamatisi athuthuka kabi futhi akavami ukukhiqiza izitshalo. Akukho ukuvikelwa kulokhu, ngenxa yokuvimbela kwawo ukuthi baphathe ukwelashwa nge-agromechanics.

   

Funda indlela yokwelapha utamatisi ku-abamba ukushisa.

Izifo ze-fungal zithinta amaqabunga, ama-stalks nezithelo. Phakathi kwabo, okuvame kakhulu:

1. Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana - Isibonakaliso saso sibonakala izindawo ezinombala ezimnyama zesimo esingavamile ngeziqu. Esikhathini esizayo, lezi zindawo zixhunyaniswa, zakha imicu yokusika isikhumba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akukho-plaque fungal uphawu emaqabunga kanye stem. Ukuqeda ukulimala kwekwephuzile, kunconywa ukuba inzalo inhlabathi, isuse ngokuphelele utamatisi ogulayo, futhi uphathe izitshalo ezinempilo ngamalungiselelo akhethekile, isibonelo, i-sodium humate noma i- "Pseudo-bacterin".

   

2. Grey ukubola - Isifo esibi kakhulu seTlacoloula esithinta sonke isiqu, ngenxa yalokho ukuthi izicubu ziyafa ngokuphelele. Ngokubukeka, ukugula kungabonakala ngokuba khona kweqhwa elimhlophe elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuthelela sonke isitshalo, ngenxa yokuthi lukhula. Ingozi yalesi sifo iwukuthi ingadluliselwa ezitshalweni eziningana ezikhulayo. Ekulweni namakhemikhali asegrey asetshenziswa, njenge "Bayleton".

   

3. Ukubola okumhlophe (i-sclerotinia) - Kungakhiwa ezindaweni zokulimala komshini esihlahleni. Iyakwazi ukwanda ngezinguquko ngokuzumayo ekushiseni (usuku olushisayo nobusuku obubandayo), ngemuva kwemvula enamandla. Izimpawu zesifo yizi: izilonda ze-putrid ze-stalk, izitshalo eziqothulayo, i-plaque ephazamisayo. Ukuqeda umthombo wokutheleleka kuzosiza ukungcolisa imithi.

   Ukubola okumhlophe kwe-tomato stem

Izifo zebhaktheriya zinezingozi ezinkulu ekuvuneni esikhathini esizayo, ngoba zinomthelela omubi esimisweni sezinsiza zesitshalo. Njengomthetho, amabhaktheriya aqala ukuthelela amahlamvu, bese kuthi wonke ama-shrub.

Izifo kuphela eziyingozi kumatamatisi, ezazijwayele izinambuzane ezivamile zamatamatisi.

Ezifo zebhaktheriya, abalimi ngokuvamile bahlangana kanje:

1. Ukuthungula - Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqaphela: amabala amacwecwe amnyama afaka amaqabunga. Izimo ezikhululekile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni lesi sifo zingamazinga aphezulu omswakama kanye nokushisa okuphansi. Emagumbi okugcina izithombo, lesi sifo sitholakala ngokungajwayelekile. Ukuze ulwisane namakhemikhali, alawulwa ngethusi.

   

2. Ukubola okumanzi - kuthinta izithelo, futhi zombili sezivuthiwe futhi ziluhlaza. Kuzo, izindawo ziqala ukuqala, okuzoqala ukubola futhi ziguqulwe zibe yingqikithi yesimo samanzi ngephunga elimnandi elimnandi. Ukuze kuvikelwe izifo, kubalulekile ukunikeza izinga lokushisa elidingekayo kanye nomswakama ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuhamba kwezithelo, kanye nokuqeda izinambuzane ngokusebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile.

   Wet Rot of Utamatisi Izithelo

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Ukutshala utamatisi kuvuna njengoba zivuthwa. Uma bengenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa ngokugcwele, khona-ke baqedwa, bafaka ebhasikisini bese befakwa endaweni efudumele, eyomile.

Kubalulekile! Utamatisi akhulile emibhedeni, agcinwe isikhathi eside kunokugcina izithombo zokugcina.

Utamatisi "i-Tlakolula" inengozini kakhulu futhi izwela ukuthutha, ngakho kufanele iqhutshwe ngokushesha. Indawo enhle yokugcina utamatisi yindawo epholile, eyomile, enezinga lokushisa elingaba ngu-5 ° C kuya ku-12 ° C kanye nomswakama ongenamaphesenti angaba ngu-80%.

Kunconywa izithelo ukubeka isiqu ngamabhokisi amapulangwe noma eplastiki. Ukwandisa impilo yamatamatisi, ngaphambi kokuwafaka kwisitsha, udinga ukuwahlunga - ususe zonke izithelo ezibolile, ezilimele, ezingavuthiwe. Musa ukugeza utamatisi.

Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka

Utamatisi "i-Tlakolula de Matamoros" kulula ukunakekelwa nokungazitholi ekulimeni. Njengezinye izinhlobo zamatamatisi, bathanda ilanga, isimo sezulu esifudumele, umswakama olinganiselayo. Noma kunjalo, abalimi bangabhekana nezinkinga ezithile ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo:

1. Ukushisa ku-greenhouse kuphezulu kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuqapha izinga lokushisa, ngaphandle kwalokho ukushisa okuqinile izimbali ziqala ukoma nokuwa, okuholela ekungabikho kwezithelo ama-ovaries.
2. Ukushisa kwamanzi aphansi. Ukuze ugcobe udinga ukusebenzisa amanzi afudumele afudumele. Kuvinjelwe ukuphuza utamatisi ngamanzi abandayo.
3. Ukuchichima. Nakuba utamatisi walezi ezihlukahlukene njengamanzi amaningi, ayinconywa ukuba athululelwe, ngoba lokhu kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukutshala okwanele utamatisi ngenkathi izimbali zezitshalo kungabangela ukungabi khona kwama-ovari, futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo - ekudleni kwazo.
4. Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Izitshalo kufanele zisetshenziswe njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, futhi zishintshe izinhlobo zazo: amaminerali anezinto eziphilayo. Isilinganiso sokudla singukuthi: ibhakede elingu-1 ngesikwele ngasinye. m square. Ukuntuleka kwamakhomikhali ngokuyinhloko kuthinta isimo samaqabunga: baba ophuzi, abomile, baqala ukuzama futhi ekugcineni bawa. Okufanayo kusebenza ngezithelo eziluhlaza, okungukuthi, ngokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium, ziqala ukuqubuka.
5. Masking Njengoba ukukhanya okungalungile ku-greenhouse kuchitha staking kwesinye isiqu, kuhle-kokubili. Le nqubo iyadingeka ukuze kukhule kahle, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuvunwa kwetamatisi.

Ukuvunwa okuphezulu, ukunambitheka okuhle kwesithelo, ukulula ukulima - konke lokhu kuyizinto eziyinhloko zezitamatisi "Tlacoloula de mathamoros". Naphezu kwegama eliyingqayizivele nemvelaphi yasemaphandleni, lezi zinhlobo zitholakale endaweni yethu futhi zathandwa yizihlobo eziningi zasehlobo. Ukwazi izici ze-agrotechnology, ungakwazi ukukhulela ukukhula utamatisi obomvu, okuwusizo kakhulu kokubili efomini elisha futhi njengezithako zezitsha eziningi.

Hlunga "i-Tlakolula de mathamoros": ukubuyekezwa