Imvamisa ehlobo emibhedeni yezimbali ungathola izimbali ezinhle, ezikhanyayo zemithunzi ehlukene. Zifana nobuso obuncane noma izingubo zezingane ezihlekisayo. Yini enye ephawuleka kakhulu i-viola?
Umsuka nokuvela kwesitshalo se-viola
IViola istricolor violet, noma i-pansy, - isitshalo esinotshani bokuhlobisa obuqhamuka emndenini wakwaGesneriaceae. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-400.
Izimbali zasekhaya i-Afrika. Kuthunyelwe eJapan, e-Andes, eNyakatho Melika. Ngokomlando, uBaron A. Saint-Paul, lapho ehamba nesithandwa sakhe phakathi kwamatshe, wathola imbali yobuhle obumangalisayo obunamaphara aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomongo ophuzi. Uyithumele kuyise, owaqoqa izitshalo ezingandile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1892, kwathi ngonyaka we-1893 i-viola yakhonjiswa okokuqala embukisweni.
Kubukeka kanjani
Ngokwenye inganekwane, le ntombazane u-Anyuta yathandana nendoda ecebile eyathembisa ukuyishada futhi yahluleka ukugcina amazwi ayo. Intombazane yafa ngosizi, nezimbali zakhula ethuneni lakhe, elibizwa ngokuthi ama-pansies.
Ukuchazwa kwembali yezitshalo ze-viola
I-viola yehlisile, amaqabunga anoboya obude ngeziqu ezifushane, ayindilinga noma ayindilinga. Ukuyihlukanisa kusuka kuma-violets akudala, imibala iyasiza: elula, enamaqabunga amahlanu, imvamisa emithathu ihlanganiswe ezihlangwini zazo. I-pedicel eyodwa iyakwazi ukuqeda izimbali ezingama-5-7. Umbala uhlukahlukene: i-lilac, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, epinki. Zingaba-monophonic futhi ezinemibala ehlukahlukene (kukhona amabala anemibala noma imichilo emaphashini). Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, imiphetho yamaphalishi ithambile noma i-wavy. Ukuphakama kwe-viola kungama-18-30 cm.
IViola - izimbali zonyaka noma zonyaka
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zonyaka nezonyaka. Ama-perennials aqhakaza ikakhulukazi ngoMeyi, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphambili. Imvamisa bakhula njengabaneminyaka emibili.
Ngemininingwane! Kunokwehlukana okuthile ekunakekelweni kanye nasekunakekelweni kwesimilo sonyaka noma sonyaka.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-viola
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu:
Viola Valentino
Ukubuka okuvamile. Ukubhaliswa - ekuseni. Izimbali ze-Viola Valentino zincane ngeziqu ezide. Kukhona amhlophe, onsomi, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-lavender.
Viola Wittroka
Ukubuka okuthandwa kakhulu. Ikhula ibe ngu-30 cm ukuphakama. Izimbali zinesimo esingajwayelekile, kukhona imithambo noma amabala emaphondweni, kuyaqabukela kube yi-monophonic. Uhlobo lwensimu oludumile iTerry Lace, Swiss Giants.
Kubalulekile! Udoti ongabalulekanga we-viola Wittrock muva nje ubhulwe kabusha. Iziswebhu zazo zikhula zibe ngu-40 cm, nezimbali - zize zibe ngu-5 cm. Zikhule kumabhodwe okulengiswa noma zakha umcamelo ogelezayo.
UViola Da Gamba (uphokophele i-viola)
Izimbali ziyimibala emincane ansomi ne-lilac. Futhi kukhona izinhlobo ezinombala ophuzi, owolintshi, obomvu. Ukulukhuni kwasebusika kwalesi zinhlobo kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo: izinhlobo zobusika kahle, kepha izinhlobo ezi-hybrid zingafa.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinhlobo ubude bungamasentimitha ayi-10-15 ubude ukusuka emuva kwimbali.
Nakani! I-Viola enophondo ihlanganiswe kalula impova, kanti izitshalo ezivelayo zingaba nokuhluka okuhlukile ngokuphelele.
Viola Davis
Amaqabunga ayindilinga futhi agobile. Izimbali zinombala opinki ogqamile, onesiqu esifushane ngeziqu. Khula kancane. Izinhlobo zezimpawu zezimbali ziyavela kokuqhakaza kwesibili nokwesithathu.
I-Viola izimbali ezinkulu
Ekuphakameni akufinyeleli ku-cm angaphezu kwama-30. Amaqabunga anezibonakaliso. Kumakhamera ama-peduncle amade afinyelela ku-7 cm ububanzi. Ziyahluka ngombala nangokwakheka. Kunemibala emibalabala, emibili noma emithathu enemibala noma amabala.
I-Wittrock
Ukukhula i-viola kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuphila kwembali kuya ngesikhathi sokutshala. Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala imbewu:
- ubusika. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ngoSepthemba, ukuze amahlumela amancane abe nesikhathi sokukhula aqine ngaphambi kobusika futhi angabusika. I-viola izoqala ukuqhakaza ngo-Ephreli;
- entwasahlobo emhlabathini ovulekile. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, izoqhakaza ngo-Agasti - Septhemba, ubusika eqhweni bese iyaqhubeka nokujabulisa iso ngonyaka olandelayo;
- izithombo zasentwasahlobo. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-viola etshalwe entwasahlobo ingaqhakaza ngonyaka olandelayo. Ukuvikela lokhu, imbewu yezithombo ihlwanyelwa ngoFebhuwari - Mashi, nezimbali zingavela ngoMeyi. Izimbali zihlala ihlobo lonke.
Ukutshala imbewu yezithombo
Njengesitsha, noma imaphi amabhodwe alula, okokudonsa noma ezitsheni kufanelekile. Kufanele kube nomswakama owenele emhlabathini. Inhlabathi yesitolo ikhethwe ngale ndlela. Ungenza umhlabathi ngokwakho ngokuxuba inhlabathi, i-peat kanye ne-humus ngokulingana kwe-2: 2: 1.
Ngemininingwane! I-Peat iyadingeka enhlabathini, njengoba igcina ukushisa kanye nomswakama odingekayo ukuhluma kwembewu.
Izinsuku ezingama-5-7 ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, umanyolo wengezwa enhlabathini, indawo yonke yezimbali kufanelekile.
Ukufakelwa kwempahla kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- imisele engajulile yenziwa enhlabathini (ukujula kuka-0.5 cm). Ibanga phakathi kwezimbewu kumele ligcinwe ku-1-2 cm. Ukwakha umphumela wokugcina ukushisa, iziqongo zimbozwe ngengilazi noma nge-polyethylene;
- inhlabathi iniselwa ngamanzi afudumele. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa kude kwe-1-2 cm bese idala umphumela wokugcina ukushisa.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhluma, izithombo zishiywe endaweni emnyama.
Amahlumela avela emva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-10, ngasikhathi sinye asuse isikhwama noma ingilazi ebhodweni. Izithombo ezincane zibekwa endaweni epholile ngokukhanya okuhlanganisiwe. Ukushisa komoya kufanele kube cishe ku-10 ° C.
Izithombo
Kanye emva kwamasonto amabili, kufakwa umquba wamaminerali. Njengoba kunesidingo, inhlabathi iyanyiswa. Uma unisela, kucatshangelwa izici ezimbili: ukumiswa kwengqimba engaphezulu kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile kwalowo ophansi akufanele kuvunyelwe. Yize lesi sitshalo sithanda umswakama, siyafa uma seqile ngokweqile.
Ungasifaka ihlumela ungene ebhodweni elilula bese ulishiya endlini efasiteleni, noma ungasitshala endaweni evulekile ezweni.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-viola emhlabathini ovulekile
Lapho kuqala amaqabunga okuqala, lesi sitshalo sikulungele ukutshala endaweni evulekile. Emavikini amabili ngaphambi kokokukhula, amahlumela ayafaka umquba. Izithombo zibuye zithambekele ngokuvula iwindi njalo kushiye iziqongo kuvulandi oluvalekile.
Esontweni lesibili, izithombo zikhishwa zingene emgwaqweni, zishiya kuqala emthunzini, bese zisesimweni esincane, kancane kancane zikhulisa isikhathi. Usuku ngaphambi kokutshala, amahlumela kufanele achithe usuku emgaqweni.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-viola emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, inhlabathi ivundiswa, i-ammonium nitrate noma i-superphosphate kufanelekile. Uma inhlabathi isindayo nobumba, ibanjwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwepetrate, isihlabathi kanye nomanyolo wamaminerali.
Kubalulekile! Musa ukufaka umanyolo i-viola ngomanyolo we-organic.
Wells zenziwa indawo yokubeka endaweni eyi-15-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ubukhulu bawo kufanele bube bukhulu kancane kunezithombo zethambo zobumba. Njengethuluzi lokwakha izimbobo, ungasebenzisa i-spatula, i-rake encane noma i-chopper.
Ukukhetha indawo enhle kakhulu
Indawo yakhethwa emthunzini oyingxenye, izihlahla ezincane ezinomqhele okhexekile noma umbhede wezimbali omude kufanelekile. Ngesikhathi selanga, izimbali zidinga ukuhlala emthunzini.
Nakani! UViola uyakuthanda okupholile, kepha ilanga lidinga okuningi. Ngasikhathi sinye, akufanele ibe yimbi kakhulu, uma kungenjalo kukhona ingozi yokushiswa.
Isikimu sokutshala i-viola embhedeni wezimbali
Ukutshala amahlumela, lungisa kahle isiqu ukuze singaweli ngaphezulu. Uma uhlelo lwezimpande lonakaliswe kancane ngesikhathi sokufakelwa, kulungile, isitshalo ngeke sife kulokhu.
Amahlumela atshaliwe kumele akhululwe futhi aniselwe nsuku zonke. Kabili ngenyanga, izithombo zivundiswa ngomanyolo wamaminerali.
Inqubo yokufika ngesinyathelo-ngesinyathelo:
- Yenza izimbobo kude ne-15-20 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye.
- Faka i-vermicompost kubo bese uhlanganisa kancane nomhlabathi.
- Yehlisa izithombo emgodini, ugcwalise ama-voids ngomhlaba bese uwubopha ngobunono.
- Amanzi mulch inhlabathi nge sawdust noma utshani obomile.
Ukudilizwa
Ukunakekelwa kweViola
IViola - imbali engathinteki ikakhulukazi ezinambuzaneni nasezifo. Ngenxa yokutheleleka okungenzeka, amaqabunga aqala ukuguquka aphuzi futhi amabala, i-plaque emhlophe noma ukubola kuvele. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka? Ngokuyisisekelo, izifo zibonakaliswa ekunakekelweni okungafanele, ikakhulukazi, ukuntuleka noma ukweqisa komswakama.
Ukunakekelwa okufanele kusiza izithombo ukuba zijwayele imvelo entsha futhi ziqale ukuqhakaza ngokushesha okukhulu.
Imodi yokunisela
Kuyadingeka ukugcina umswakama ofanele womhlabathi: ukomisa ukuphuma ngokweqile noma ukweqisa ngokweqile akwamukeleki.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kokunisela, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi ngokucophelela (kodwa kuphela uma ungabilwanga).
Ukhula lokhula akumele livunyelwe ukuthi luthinte kabi isitshalo.
Ukunisela
Ungayondla kanjani i-viola yokuqhakaza okuningi
Umanyolo wamaminerali asetshenziswa njengokugqoka okuphezulu (i-Agricola, umanyolo wokunethezeka).
Izici zokunakekelwa ngesikhathi sezimbali
Elangeni elifiphele, izimbali zizoba zikhulu kunasesithunzini. Ukhipha izimbali ezimboziwe kufanele kusikwe ukuze lesi sitshalo sikhule ngokuqhubekayo futhi siqhubeke nokuhlobisa. Ungakhohlwa ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, ngoba ngaphandle kwawo, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kungama ngokuphelele.
Izici zokunakekelwa ekuphumuleni
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, kuqala isikhathi sokuthamba. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinqubo eziningi ezitshalweni ziyehlisa noma zime ngokuphelele. Kulesi sigaba, iziqu zesitshalo ziyasikwa, kusale cishe ama-5 cm ngaphezu komhlaba, bese kuyondliwa.
Ngaphambi kokuthena, kuvunwa imbewu: yakhiwa emabhokisini amancane esikhundleni sezimbali. Aqoqiwe, omiswe ngaphakathi endlini futhi agcinwe esiqandisini.
Nakani! Uma ungaziqoqi imbewu, uzungu luzogcwala nge-viola kubi ngokungaphezulu kokukhula, kungaba ngokuwa noma kwentwasahlobo elandelayo. Kepha ungasiguqula lesi simo kwelinye futhi usebenzise ukuzilimaza kwesitshalo njengokusakazwayo, ususe amahlumela angeziwe.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Izimbobo zonyaka ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esibandayo zimane zisuswe emhlabathini, futhi izigaxa zonyaka zimbozwe ngotshani obomile noma ngamagatsha aqukethe izimbali ekhulayo. Ngale ndlela, bayakwazi ukusinda noma kubande kakhulu noma bade.
Ubusika
Ukukhulisa i-viola kudinga ukunakwa okuningi nesikhathi, kepha ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela kuzoholela ekuqhakazeni kwezimbali ezinhle kuwufanele umzamo.
