Izinhlobo zanamuhla nezisezingeni eliphakeme zezambatho ziyisimo esiyinhloko sokuqoqwa kwezivuno eziphakeme zesiko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izimo zesimo sezulu esifundeni. Enye yalezi zitshalo zemifino yi-Farmer ehlukahlukene yamazambane. Inikeza isivuno esicebile, futhi iyakwazi ukumangala wonke umuntu ngezici zayo zokunambitheka. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuthandwa nokufunwa emakethe, lesi siko asihlali singaziwa. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuthi "Umlimi", futhi ubonise izinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.
Ukuzala
Amazambane "Umlimi" isitshalo esiyingqayizivele. Naphezu kokuthi lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa kabanzi ngabalimi kanye namapulazi amakhulu, cishe akukho lutho olwaziwa ngomlando wendalo yakhe. Lezi zihlukahlukene azifakiwe kwirejista yezithelo zezithelo zanoma yiliphi izwe, futhi azibonakali ngezikole eziningi zokuzala.
Ukutshalwa kwezilwane ezihlukahlukene kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ngokubamba iqhaza kokubili abalimi kanye namapulazi amancane phakathi neminyaka. Namuhla, Umlimi unamagugu aphikisanayo awakwehlukanisa nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane, kodwa umkhiqizo we "ukhetho lonke" usaqaphelwa.
Uyazi? Ukwethulwa kwamazambane kokudla kwenzeka ensimini yeBolivia yanamuhla cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingu-9 edlule. Ngakho-ke, le mifino ingenye yezitshalo ezindala kakhulu ezitshalwe ngabantu.
Incazelo ye-botanical
"Umfama" ubhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zamazambane ezihlakulelwa ngokujulile ezindaweni ezifudumele. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sibonakala ngobude obukhulu bamahlumela nokuveza okuncane okuhlobene namanye amasiko.
Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, lesi sitshalo sinezici eziyingqayizivele, inhlanganisela yayo enquma izici zayo eziqakathekileko.
Hlola i-super zakuqala, ekuqaleni nangaphakathi-ekuqaleni kwamazambane izinhlobo.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zesitshalo zibhekwa yizici ezilandelayo ze-botanical:
- Usayizi - ophakathi, izithelo zohlobo olufanayo;
- umumo - oval, elongated, izilimo eziyizigaxa zibukeka zihle futhi zilinganisela;
- uhlobo lwe-peephole - oluncane, ngokuyisisekelo;
- umbala we-peephole - akukho stain;
- Uhlobo lesikhumba - lube mncane, lubushelelezi;
- umbala we-peel kanye ne-pulp i-monochromatic, i-shades ephuzi elula;
- Isisindo sesisindo - 90-110 g;
- inani lesitashi ngo-100 g - 10-12 g;
- Izimfanelo zokupheka - amazambane afaneleka ukupheka izitsha eziphekiwe nezokuthosiwe; lapho ukucwilisa nokushisa kusetshenzwa izilimo eziyizigaxa aziwahluli, nazo zigcina umbala we-pulp.
Sincoma ukuthi sijwayelane nobuchwepheshe bamazambane okhulayo ngaphansi komshini kanye nezikhwama.
Izihlahla
Izitshalo zitshalo zibhekwa yizici ezilandelayo ze-botanical:
- usayizi wesihlahla - ophakathi;
- Uhlobo lwe-stem - oluphakathi, oluqondile, lufaka amagatsha angenawo amancane;
- Umsebenzi owenziwe ngobuningi obumnyama uphakathi;
- amapheshana aphakathi nendawo, ngobukhulu obuphakathi, abhekene nobukhulu obuthakathaka obunqenqemeni futhi alandele ngokucacile imifino;
- umbala weqabunga - oluhlaza okombala;
- i-corolla - ihlanganiswe, ihlanganiswe ezimbali eziningi eziningana;
- umbala wombala - umhlophe;
- amajikijolo - amancane futhi ambalwa;
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
Naphezu kokuntuleka kohlelo lokukhethwa kochwepheshe ekuzaleni lezi zinhlobonhlobo, "abafuyi bezwe" bakwazi ukudala umkhiqizo ophezulu ngempela. "Umlimi" unayo zonke izimfanelo ezidingekayo ukuze ancintisane neningi lezinhlobonhlobo zasekhaya nasezizweni zangaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Le amazambane ungomunye wezitshalo ezimbalwa zezitshalo ezingamelana nokuguga iminyaka engu-5-6. 
Izifo zokuphikisa
Umlimi uvimbela kakhulu izifo eziningi zamazambane ezitholakala enyakatho yezwe. Lesi sitshalo simelana kakhulu nezifo ezilandelayo:
- umdlavuza wezambane;
- izintambo eziphuthumayo sekwephuzile;
- ukuphumula okuphuthumayo kwe-tuber;
- imatodoses
Kodwa-ke, ukuze uthole izithelo eziphakeme futhi eziphezulu, ubukhulu obuluhlaza bamazambane kufanele bucutshungulwe ngokumelene ne-Colorado bezambane beetle kanye ne-aphid.
Imigomo yokuvuthwa
"Umlimi" ubonakala ngokuvuthwa kokuqala. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zilungele ukuvuna ngezinsuku ezingu-50-60 ngemva kokutshala. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezihle kakhulu, kanye nasezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo noma esishisayo, izilimo eziyizigaxa zivuthwe izinsuku ezingu-40-45 emva kokutshala.
Kubalulekile! Ukuqinisa ukuvuna kwezinhlobo zamazambane "Umlimi" akufanelekile, ukuhlala isikhathi eside eside kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezivuthiwe emhlabathini kungabangela ukuba bathole ukulimala.
Izinhlobo zamazambane ezivuthiwe nazo zihlanganisa: "iNdlovukazi u-Anne", "Veneta", "Bellaroza", "Zhukovsky Early", "Rosara", "Gala".
Ukuthela
Amazambane anezivuno eziphakeme, cishe ama-1-25 amathani amazambane angavuna kusuka ku-1 hektare ye-plantings. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isitshalo esisodwa singakha okungenani izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingu-10-15. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezihlukahlukene zePulazi inekhwalithi ephezulu yezohwebo, njengoba iphesenti yezilimo eziyizigaxa ezingezansi emva kokuvuna kuyingcosana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sinjani nesifunda esikhulayo.
I-Recumbency
Ukuvuna "Umlimi" unomgangatho ophezulu wokugcina (90-95%). Izilimo eziyizigaxa zigcinwe ngokuphelele ekushiseni kwe-+ 2-3 ° С izinyanga eziningi, kanti igumbi lokugcina lokuvuna kufanele lihlale liphuza umoya ukuze kugweme umswakama owedlulele.
Izifunda ezikhulayo
Amazambane "Umlimi" ukhula kahle futhi uthela izithelo kokubili ezisenyakatho nesezingeni eliphansi, nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Izimila ziyakwazi ukukhula ngenkuthalo futhi zikhule ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa cishe ngo-10-15 ° C, kodwa izivuno ezicebile kakhulu futhi eziphakeme kakhulu zitholakala ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo nesomoya omnene, nenani elincane lezinguquko ezibukhali ezishisayo zonyaka.
Izithombo ezikhulayo ezivela kumbewu yamazambane
Ezimweni eziningi, ukutshala amazambane okusebenzayo kuhilela ukutshala isivuno ngokutshala imbewu yezilimo eziyizigaxa. Le nqubo yezolimo yenza kube lula ukuthola amazambane aphezulu kakhulu iminyaka eminingi. 
Kodwa-ke, ukuze kutholakale izivuno eziphezulu kunazo zonke njalo, ngeke kwenzeke ukuphatha ngaphandle kokutshala izithombo zezithombo. Ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kuphela okukwazi ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ngokushintshaniswa okudingekayo kwezinto eziphilayo, okungafani ngokuphelele ukungabi khona kwezimo ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ngezansi sibheka zonke izinkolelo eziyinhloko nezici zale nqubo.
Isikhathi esiphelele
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo ezindaweni ezifudumele kuqhutshwa engxenyeni yesibili ka-Mashi, njengoba izitshalo zizodinga okungenani inyanga eyodwa ukuba zifake ngokugcwele ngaphambi kokutshala kusayithi. Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo, kungenzeka ukuqala izithombo ezikhulayo ekuqaleni, kodwa ngokuqinisekile hhayi ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyi-1-1.5 ngaphambi kosuku olulinganisiwe lokutshala izitshalo endaweni enomphela, ngoba okungenani amaqabunga amaqiniso angama-3-4 kufanele akhiwe kuwo. Uma kungenjalo, ezindaweni ezivulekile izithombo zizofa.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Ukuze zihlume ngokuphumelelayo ngangokunokwenzeka, kanti izithombo eziphelile ziphikisana kakhulu nazo zonke izinselele zemvelo, imbewu kufanele ikulungele ukuhlwanyela. Le nqubo yenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinto zokutshala esikhathini esizayo, kodwa futhi ukwenqaba imbewu ngenani eliphansi lokusebenza. 
Inqubo ihlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Inzalo yezinhlamvu ze-sunflower - Imbewu eyomile nehlanzekile ifakwe emaminithini angu-5 kwisisombululo se-disinfecting, bese igeza kakhulu ngamanzi abilisiwe abilisiwe. Njengoketshezi olunamanzi, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-ethanol 70%, isisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide engama-3% noma isisombululo se-potassium permanganate esingu-0.8%.
- Ukulimaza imbewu ye-sunflower - imbewu kufanele ibe ngokulinganayo, ufafaze ungqimba olulodwa ngesoso encane, bese uthele amanzi amancane abilisiwe. Phakathi nosuku, imbewu enobuthi ye-sunflower igcinwa ezindaweni ezigumbini, nasebusuku esiqandisini, ekushiseni okungaba ngu-5 ° C. Ukucindezela kwenziwa izinsuku ezimbili.
- Ngaphambi kokuhluma - imbewu enenzalo futhi ekhuni ikhonjiswe ku-saucer, ngendwangu emhlophe yesikotton noma ephepheni iphepha elikude lika-1 cm komunye nomunye, bese limanzi ngamanzi afudumele. Kule fomu, imbewu igcinwa endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyisiwe izinsuku ezimbalwa, kuze kube khona ukukhanya okuncane nomgogodla. Okulandelayo, imbewu ehlumekile ilungele ukuhlwanyela ibe yinsimbi yokufakelwa, hhayi imbewu ehlumayo enqatshiwe.
Kubalulekile! Akunconywa ukuthi usebenzise i-gauze njengotshani wokuhluma kokuqala kwembewu, ngoba izimpande ezincane zingangena kuwo, okungeke neze kube nomonakalo ngesikhathi sokuvuna.
Umhlabathi nomthamo wezithombo
Izithombo ezikhulayo emhlabathini okhanyayo kodwa ovundile. Kule njongo, ungasebenzisa njenge-substrate ekulungele izitshalo ezinomsoco, futhi uzilungiselele ngokwakho kusuka engxenyeni ye-peat, inhlabathi yensimu nesihlabathi (4: 2: 1). Izithombo zamazambane zikhulelwa ezincane ezincane, hhayi ngaphezu kwama-0.5 amalitha emthamo. Ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa njengezimbiza ezikhethekile zezitshalo ezenziwe ngepulasitiki noma i-porcelain, nezinkomishi zepulasitiki ezilula.
Njengeningi lezitshalo ezithinta ama-horticultural, amazambane akhule kakhulu ngokuqoqa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngakho-ke imbewu yokuhluma, kufanele nakanjani uthole izitsha ezinemibala ehlukene - kusuka ku-0.1-0.2 ml kuya ku-0.5 amalitha.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngendlela engokoqobo, enhlabathini enomswakama futhi encane, engahlanganisi ngaphezu kuka-1-2 cm enqabeni yomhlabathi, ngaphandle kwalokho ukufana kwembewu kunciphise izikhathi eziningana. Izitsha zokuhlwanyela kufanele zihlanganiswe ngilazi noma ziqedwe phezulu kwebhokisi lepulasitiki elibala ngaphambi kwemibuthano yokuqala.
Ngezikhathi ezithile (1 isikhathi ngosuku), indawo yokukhosela kufanele ihlale igesi ngamaminithi angu-10, futhi inhlabathi kufanele iphuze njengoba kudingeka. Izithombo zamazambane ziyakwazi ukulimala nganoma yisiphi isikhunta se-pathogenic, ngakho-ke, izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela imbewu ehlumekile, i-substrate kufanele iphathwe nge-Trichodermine, i-Fitosporin noma enye enye i-fungicide eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Amazambane iyisitshalo esithakazelisayo kakhulu kunamatamatisi, ukhukhamba kanye neminye imifino, ngakho ukunakekelwa okufanele nokucophelela kwezithombo yiyona ndlela esemqoka yezitshalo ezinempilo nezithelo. Okuhle kunakho konke, uzizwa endaweni efudumele futhi ekhanyayo, ngaphandle kwemidwebo, ekushiseni okungama-20-25 ° C. Uma kunokwenzeka, izitshalo zidinga ukukhanyiswa, ngoba ukungabi nokukhanya kungaholela ekusweleni ngokweqile kwezithombo.
Izithombo zidinga ukuchelela ngobumnene, ngoba ukunqwabelana komswakama kungabangela umonakalo we-putrefactive ku-stem ne-rhizomes, ngakho-ke bayayinisela ngamanzi amancane futhi kuphela uma i-crust encane eyomile ibonakala phansi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwezitshalo, ziphathwa ngezikhathi ezithile neziqu ezimbi ezimbiwa amaminerali, kanye nama-biostimulants. Ukondla okwenziwe ngamaminerali akukwenziwa ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-1-2, ukuchithwa kwezinto eziphilayo eziqhutshwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngokusho kwezincomo zomkhiqizi.
Kubalulekile! Amazambane akufanele ahlume emafasiteleni, ngoba kule ndawo ukushisa okukhulu kunazo zonke kubonakala (kubanda kusuka efasiteleni nokushisa kusuka ebhetri), okuyinto ethinta kabi ukuthuthukiswa izithombo.
Emva kwamapheshana amabili eqiniso avela ezitshalweni, ahambela amathangi ehhotela, emva kwalokho, emva kwamasonto amabili, aqala ukuqinisa izithombo. Le nqubo isisiza amazambane amancane ukuba agxilise ngaphansi kwemibandela yemvelo. Ukuqothulwa ukuqeqeshwa kancane kancane komzimba wesitshalo ukuze kube khona amaconsi obukhali ekushiseni. Ngenxa yenkambiso, izitshalo zinomthelela omkhulu wemvelo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-biotic zemvelo. Lenziwa izinsuku ezingu-5-6 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, ekushiseni okuvamile kwansuku zonke cishe ngo-10 ° C. 
Ukuzikhandla kunezinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ukupholisa okuyisisekelo kwezitshalo - ngale njongo, ngezinsuku ezingu-1-2, ama-flowerpots anezimbewu agcinwa emoyeni ovulekile ekushiseni kuka-10-15 ° С angabi ngaphezu kwamahora angu-3-4.
- Ukupholisa isikhathi eside - izitshalo zigcinwa izinsuku ezingu-2-3 emva kokupholisa kokuqala emoyeni ovulekile ekushiseni kuka-10-15 ° С ngamahora angu-5-6.
- Ukunyakaza okugcwele ezimweni zemvelo - ngenxa yalokhu, izithombo ezitsheni zihanjiswa endaweni yemvelo ngokugcwele, kuze kufakwe futhi kufaka nokufakelwa kabusha endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ngokuvamile, iningi labaqalayo nabaqashi abanolwazi esiteshini sokutshala izitshalo ezimweni zemvelo kwenza amaphutha amaningi abulalayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izithombo ezikhuliswe ngabasebenzi ababulalayo zifa, okucishe zibhubhise ngokuphelele amathuba okufinyelela isivuno esikhulu. Ngakho-ke, sizoqhubeka sihlolisisa ngokuningiliziwe ubuqili obuyinhloko nezigaba eziyinhloko zalolu hlelo.
I-VIDEO: UKUKHULULELA KANYE NOKUBHALWA KOKUKHUBA KWAMPOTATO
Isikhathi esiphelele
Emoyeni ahlanzekile, izithombo zamazambane ezivulekile zihlwanyelwe ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingxenye eziphezulu zenhlabathi, kanye nomoya womoya, zifudumala ngokugcwele kuze kufike ekushiseni kuka-10-15 ° C. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu le nkathi iqala kakhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke, esimweni sezulu esishisayo nesomhlaba, ukutshala amazambane kunokwenzeka kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala kaMashi. Kodwa, kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu, lesi siko sikhula, ngoba ukukhula nokupheka kwayo okuphephile izinga lokushisa nsuku zonke akufanele liwe ngaphansi kuka-10 ° C. 
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvumelanisa kwezitshalo, kunconywa ukufudumala inhlabathi izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala. Ngenxa yalokhu, le ndawo igcwele ifilimu yepulasitiki ebonakalayo, emaphethelweni ayo ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile nenhlabathi encane. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi, kudala umphumela wokushisa wobumba, okwenza inhlabathi itshise. Uma kungekho ifilimu, le ndawo ingafakwa ngendwangu encane yothuli lwamalahle. Ama-black specks of dust azosiza inhlabathi ukuthi idle inani elidingekayo lokushisa, futhi lizoba umthombo owengeziwe wezakhi zezitshalo.
Ukukhetha indawo
Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, amazambane akhetha ukukhanya, okuvundile, nenhlabathi encane, ngakho-ke izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu zitholakala emhlabathini omnyama noma enhlabathini. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba utshale izitshalo ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi, isihlabathi, ngisho nesihlabathi, kodwa izindawo ezinjalo kumele zikhule kahle ngamanyolo eziphilayo kanye nezamaminerali.
Ukuqaphela okukhulu kufanele kukhokhwe endaweni yendawo lapho izitshalo zizolima khona. Amazambane akhetha ukukhanya kwelanga, mahhala emthunzini omnyama, kodwa ingxenye enokuthula yensimu, ngaphandle kwezingqikithi ezinkulu. Kumele uqiniseke ukuthi indawo yokufika indawo inezinga eliphezulu lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi akumele kube ngaphansi kuka-80 mm umswakama okhiqizayo ekupheleni kwe-1 m. Naphezu kokuthi isiko asiyithandi i-substrate enamandla kakhulu, izinga eliphezulu lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba lizovumela izitshalo ukuba zikhuthazelele isomiso sasehlobo, okubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezifudumele nezomile isimo sezulu.
Uyazi? I-tuber enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ikhule nge-Saudi Arabia, Khalil Sehzat. Umlimi waphumelela ukuthola isithelo esinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-11 kg, ngaphandle kwemifuno, kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula.
Ngokwesiko, imifino yiyona engcono kunazo zonke izitshalo zemifino, ngakho ukukhiqiza emva kwemifino kuhlale kunekhwalithi ephakeme, kanye nezici ezinhle kakhulu zokunambitheka. Akuzona izithelo ezimbi izithelo emva okusanhlamvu, anyanisi, iklabishi, ikhukhamba, sideratov, izaqathe, pepper, beet kanye garlic. 
Njengokudlulela amazambane, noma yikuphi uhlobo lwezitshalo ezinomhlabathi (utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, i-pepper yemifino, njll) kufanele kugwenywe, ngoba lokhu kuvame ukungathinti umkhiqizo kuphela, kodwa futhi nesimo sengculazi sesimo.
Zijwayele ngemithetho yokushintsha izitshalo zemifino kusayithi.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole izithelo ezicebile neziphezulu ze "Umlimi", umuntu kufanele ahlale ehambisana nesistimu yokujikeleza kwezitshalo ezincane. Kuhlanganisa ukuhlakulela okuqhubekayo kwezitshalo ezizuzisayo ezifaka isandla ekubuyiseleni kwenhlabathi emva kwesivuno esikhulu. Kulesi simo, amazambane kufanele akhule endaweni efanayo, hhayi ngaphambili nangemva kweminyaka emithathu.
Uhlelo olunjalo lubandakanya ukujikelezwa kwezitshalo ezilandelayo:
- amazambane - isiko esiyinhloko;
- isiko lomquba oluhlaza (rye, oats, njll) - owokuqala kuqala, ohlwanyelwa ekwindla, ngokushesha emva kokuvuna amazambane, emva kwalokho izitshalo ezincane zihlwanyelwa ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, utshani buyalala futhi bube umanyolo wemvelo womhlabathi;
- Iklabishi, ikhukhamba, ithanga, i-zucchini - owokuqala, ohlwanyelwayo ngenkathi elandelayo emva kwamazambane kanye namanzi omquba;
- i-legumes (i-peas, ubhontshisi, ama-soybean, njll.) yi-predecessor wesithathu nowokugcina, inomthelela ekubuyiselweni okuphelele kwenhlabathi nokugcwala kwayo ngokuhlanganiswa kalula kwe-nitrogen.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Ukutshala izithombo zamazambane, njengazo zonke izitshalo zezolimo, kuhlinzekela ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kwangaphambili kusayithi. Kwenza kube lula ukuthi kungabikho nje ukuqeda inani elikhulu lokhula nezinambuzane, kodwa futhi ukugcwalisa umhlabathi nge-oksijeni edingekayo, kanye nokunikeza isakhiwo esidingekayo sokwandisa isivuno. 
Inqubo ihilela izinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa, isayithi kumele ikhululwe ekukhunjweni okungaphezulu, ukhula nezinye izinhlayiya, bese ubamba ngokucophelela okungenani okungenani ngamasentimitha angama-30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungakha imigodi encane enhlabathini ezosiza entwasahlobo ukususa umswakama obangele kusayithi.
- Entwasahlobo, emva kokukhuphuka kweqhwa, inhlabathi yenziwe nge-rake, okwenza kube lula ukuyigcina emswakama omuhle.
- Lapho izinga lokushisa elihle kakhulu lokutshala lifika, i-mineral (Nitrophoska) noma umquba osebenzayo usetshenziselwa umhlabathi, bese uhlungwa kahle bese uhlelwa nge-rake.
Kubalulekile! Ukuphakamisa inhlabathi ehlwanyelwe ekwindla akufanelekile. Ukulima okunengi kunika umhlabathi ithuba lokugwinya, okubangela ukubhujiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane zamazambane emhlabathini.
I-patterning yokuhamba
Ku-agronomy yanamuhla, kunezindlela eziningi nezindlela zokubeka izitshalo zamazambane kusayithi. Kodwa abakhiqizi abavame ukungena emasimini baqala ukutshala isiko. Ngenxa yalokhu, emhlabathini, kufana nehlangothini elifushane lesakhiwo, inamba edingekayo yemigqa ibhalwe ngamakaki engadini. I-aisle kufanele ibe cishe ngo-60-70 cm. Izitshalo zitshalwe emigqeni, kude no-20-25 cm komunye nomunye, emva kwalokho kufanele zihlanganiswe ngokucophelela ngomhlabathi. 
Ukujula komthombo ngamunye kuxhomeke kuphela enhlabathini. Ukuze i-chernozem nenhlabathi enesihlabathi, ibubanzi buka-10-12 cm, ngoba inhlabathi ecacile akufanele idlule u-6 cm.
Indlela yokunakekela
Ngemuva kokuba izithombo zitshalwe endaweni evulekile, kunakekelwa ngokucophelela. Naphezu kokuthi izitshalo zakhula kusuka ezimbewini, izici zabo zomzimba azifani nezihlobo zabo. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezimbande akufani neze nokunakekelwa kwamazambane okukhiqizwa kwe-tuber.
Thola ukuthi yiziphi izifo zamazambane nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo.
Ukunisela
I-Potato iyisitshalo esiyingozi, ngakho izithombo kufanele ziphuze ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukunisela emaphakathini okuqala ekunciphiseni izitshalo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ukungabi nomswakama okungaholela ekufeni kwezithombo. Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sesidingo samazambane ekunisela kuyisikali esomile esinqunyiwe emhlabathini ngobukhulu buka-6 cm noma ngaphezulu.
Kungcono ukufeza inqubo kusihlwa, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi kuphela amanzi azokwazi ukugcoba ngokufanele inhlabathi, ngaphandle kokuma ngaphansi kwemisebe yelanga. I-adults average bush bush izofuna cishe ama-3 amalitha amanzi, kuyilapho izithombo ezincane, le vidiyo ngeke idlule ilitha elilodwa.
Uyazi? Amazambane yiwo imifino yokuqala eyakhula emkhathini ngaphansi kwezimo ezingenalutho. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1995 ngenxa yabalobi be-NASA emtholampilo ye-microgravity e-Columbia shuttle.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukukhula okuqinile nokuthuthukiswa kwamazambane, ngaphezu kwezakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile, izitshalo zizodinga inani elikhulu le-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-potassium ne-calcium. Ngakho-ke, amafamu amazambane adingeka ukuthi adliwe ngamanyolo aphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokuqala umhlabathi uhlwanyelwa entwasahlobo, ngokushesha ngaphambi kokulima kwesiqephu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, u-500 kg wamanyolo noma ama-humus, kanye no-3 kg we-ammophoska kufanele wengezwe enhlabathini ngayinye yehektare elilodwa. Amakhomikhali e-Organic ayethandwa kakhulu kunamaminerali amaminerali; kodwa, lapho engekho, udaba lwezinto eziphilayo lungafakwa esikhundleni se-Kemira Universal Universal umanyolo obuningi, i-Kemer Potato (3 kg / sotka) noma ama-analogs.
Ukugqoka izimpande ezengeziwe kwenziwa izikhathi ezimbili phakathi nesikhathi semifino esebenzayo: ngaphambi kokugquma kanye nesikhathi sokuhluma okusebenzayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa umquba owenziwe ngamanzi ngokulinganisa (1:10) ngokufaka i-ammonium sulfate (1.5 tbsp l / 10 l) noma ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali. Ukuze lokhu kulungele noma iyiphi inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi esekelwe magnesium, potassium ne-phosphorus.
Weeding futhi ukhululeke inhlabathi
Ukuhlwanyela ukhula nokukhulula kungenye yezimo eziyinhloko zokulima ngokuphumelelayo kwezitshalo zezolimo.
Ukukhululeka kubizwa nangokuthi "ukunisela okumile." Le mifuno ifuna kakhulu umoya okhona emhlabathini, futhi unomthelela ophansi ekulawuleni ukhula, ngakho-ke lezi zinqubo ziphoqelekile futhi zenziwa njalo ngezikhathi zonke kule nkathi. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, ukukhulula nokuhluma kwenziwa ngesonto emva kokutshala, bese kudingeka.
Inkathazo eyinhloko yamahlathi amazambane yi-Colorado amazambane ama-viazambane. Thola ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezithandwayo zokulwa nezinambuzane kanye nokubhubhisa i-beetle ngokusebenzisa izinambuzane "i-Commodore", "i-Prestige", i- "Corado", "Tanrek", "i-Confidor".
Ukukhulula umhlaba ekujuleni okungajulile, okungaphezu kuka-3-6 cm. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu salokhu usuku olufudumele olusenyakatho, eduze nosuku. Kulesi simo, kungenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isitshalo akusiyo kuphela uhlelo olusebenzayo lwomoya, kodwa futhi luzobhubhisa kuze kube ngu-80% wokhula.
Hilling
Ngokuvamile isiko sishaya kabili ngesizini ngasinye. Ngokokuqala ngqa, inqubo yenziwa ngezinsuku ezingu-10-14 emva kokutshala, bese uphinda emva kwamasonto amabili. Kodwa-ke, uma i-hilling kabili ingenzi imiphumela efunayo, iphindwaphindwe izinsuku ezingu-10-14 ngemuva kokudlule. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kubalulekile ukunamathela ekuphakameni okulinganayo kwamagundane. Kumele kube phakathi kuka-14 no-20 cm. 
Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde kanjani ukupaka amazambane ngendlela efanele nokuthi ungaphatha kanjani amazambane ngogandaganda ohambahambayo.
Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo
Njengomkhuba wokubonisa, amazambane asekhulile avela imbewu ahlushwa ngokweqile yizo zonke izinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa kwe-prophylactic yezitshalo ezinendlela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuvikela kuyimfuneko ebalulekile yokutshala isitshalo.
Izimila zivame ukuphathwa kanye, amasonto amabili emva kokutshala izithombo. Phinda inqubo njengoba kudingeka, emva kokukhishwa kwesibili uma kwenzeka ukusabalalisa izinambuzane ezindaweni ezizungezile. Njengendlela yokuzivikela esebenzisa noma yisiphi isidakamizwa esiyinkimbinkimbi esitolo esiseduze esitolo.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ukuvuna amazambane endaweni epholile ngokuvamile kwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti, kepha esimweni esishisayo, isikhathi esifanele singaba amasonto amabili ngaphambili. Isibonakaliso esicacile sokuvuthwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ukuma kwamaqabunga ezingaphezu kuka-50% wendawo yokutshala. Esikhathini esidlule, izinsuku ezingu-7-10 ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhipha amazambane, ukugoba izintambo esakhiweni, ushiye inqubo encane ye-stem engekho kuka-10-12 cm ukuphakama.
Funda indlela yokugcina kahle amazambane emiphongolweni, endlini, engaphansi, emgodini.
Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngosuku olufudumele nolususayo. Ukuqoqa izilimo eziyizigaxa kuqoqwe emabhakheni, bese kuthunyelwa ezitsheni ezinkulu, bese uthunyelwa endaweni yokugcina engunaphakade. Ngaphambi kokugcina isitoreji, amazambane kufanele ahlanzwe ngokucophelela, omisiwe, anqabe izilimo eziyizigaxa ezingafaneleki. 
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zembewu zidinga ukugunyazwa "ukuhlaza". Ukuze wenze lokhu, zigcinwe izinsuku ezingu-7-10 ekamelweni elomile, elifudumele nelincane (ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile). Ezimweni ezinjalo, zakha izinto ezikhethekile, zinikeza i-hue eluhlaza, okuthiwa i-solanine. Igalela ekuvikelweni kwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezivela ezincane ezincane, izinambuzane kanye namagundane, kuze kufike intwasahlobo yentwasahlobo. Gcina isivuno ekamelweni elomile, elinesentimo elisezingeni lokushisa cishe ngo-5 ° C.
Uyazi? Amazambane abizayo kunazo zonke emhlabeni yizona ezihlukahlukene "La Bonnotte" ezitshalwa esiqhingini saseNoirmoutier. Imifino inezinambitheka ezinomthelela futhi ezinhle, futhi intengo ye-1 kg yezilimo eziyizigaxa zayo ifinyelela kuma-euro angu-500.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Njengazo zonke izitshalo zemifino, i-Farmer amazambane ehlukahlukene inezinzuzo nezinkinga. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala ukulimala okusebenzayo kwalolu hlobo, kuyadingeka ukuba ujwayelane nabo. Lokhu kuzosiza hhayi kuphela ukuzivikela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezimo ezingalindelekile ngenkathi kutshalwa isiko, kodwa futhi ekudonsweni okungadingekile komzamo nemali.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zamazambane "Umlimi":
- ukumelana nezifo ezithathelwanayo;
- isivuno esikhulu;
- cishe ukuma okuphelele nokulingana kwezilimo eziyizigaxa;
- omuhle kakhulu tuber ukunambitheka;
- isikhathi esifushane sesithelo sokuvuthwa;
- izinga eliphezulu lokulondoloza isivuno isikhathi eside.
Izinkinga eziyinhloko zamazambane "Umlimi":
- isidingo semibandela ekhethekile yomhlabathi;
- izitshalo zidinga umbuso okhethekile wamanzi;
- ukumelana okuncane kumbala we-colorado ne-aphid.
"Umlimi" ungenye yezinhlobonhlobo eziphakeme kakhulu ezithengiswayo ezitshalweni zanamuhla. Naphezu kokuthi amazambane awakhulwanga ngabachwepheshe, "abakhiqizi bamazwe" bakwazi ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu ongabonisa ngokuphumelelayo ukukhiqizwa kwemifino yasekhaya emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe. Noma kunjalo, amazambane adinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela nokukhathazeka, kanye ne-microclimate ekhethekile kusayithi.
Ukuhlaziya ukulima
