Yisiphi isimiso sokutshala izaqathe kungcono ukukhetha futhi kungani kubaluleke kangaka?

Ukutshala imifino ayifuni ngokukhethwa kahle, imbewu ephakeme. Futhi hhayi ngisho nasemhlabathini olungiselelwe, okhulelwe.

Uhlelwe kusengaphambili bese usebenzisa iphethini elungile lokufika. Ukuze imbewu yemifino ehlukahlukene, inayo yayo. Kubandakanya, ngoba izaqathe.

Indlela yokuhlela umbhede? Uyini umehluko phakathi kokutshala kwasebusika nokusabalalisa? Iyini ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo zingatholakala kulesi sihloko.

Ukubaluleka kokukhetha ukujula kokubekwa kwenzalo kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemigqa

Isikhathi esiyisihluthulelo sokuqothula izaqathe yindlela ethile yokutshala imbewu. Kubalulekile ukucabangela ibanga okufanele lihlwanyelwe ngalo nokuthi yikuphi ukujula ukuhlwanyela. Imibhede ekhishwe kahle kanye nokuhlwanyela ukudweba, ukuhlwanyela ukujula kwezinto ezibonakalayo kunomthelela ekuhlungeni imbewu enhle, ukukhula kwezitshalo ezimpande kanye nokuvuna okuphezulu.

Ngesinye isikhathi akunakwenzeka ukuphawula ngokucacile nokuthi imbewu izohlwanyelwa kanjani. Imiphumela yokutshala okungalungile kuyoba nethonya elibi ekulimeni, okungukuthi:

1. Ukusakazwa kwemimoya ephazamisekile ngenxa yezimbewu eziseduze kuzokwandisa amathuba okutheleleka kwabo ngezifo, ukubola kanye ne-fungus.
2. Vala izitshalo zizokuthunjwa, zinciphise ukuvuna kwesitshalo. Njengomphumela wokuntuleka kokukhanyisa, amahlumela azovela kamuva, ngenxa yomhlabathi ongeyingozi.
3. Ngenxa yobuningi bokutshala, amahlumela azothola izakhi ezimbalwa. Uhlelo lwempande lwezithombo eziqinile luzophumelela phezu kwezimpande zabuthakathaka, kanye nomswakama kanye namavithamini avela enhlabathini.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa okungalungile kusitshalo, amaqabunga nemifino ehlathini. Izaqathe ziyokhula zibe ngosayizi encane, futhi kungenziwa ukuguqulwa.
5. Ukunakekelwa okunzima kwezihlumela: kuzodingeka uzincipha njalo, futhi utshalwe endaweni entsha.
6. Ukudla nokuphuza isiko kunzima.
7. Umhlabathi usheshe uphele, futhi kuzodingeka ukondliwe.

Amaphethini okufika okuyisisekelo

Ukutshala imbewu karoti kuncike enkathini, inhlabathi, isakhiwo, njll. Esikhathini ngasinye sonyaka sibheka ama-nuances ayo.

Kunezindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko (amacebo) wokufika:

1. Umugqa omkhulu Kuye ukulungisa imigodi kuze kube ngu-15-20 cm ububanzi. Indlela ivumela izitshalo ukuba zikhule ngokukhululekile.
2. Ngasese. Kudinga ngaphambi kokukhulelwa ngomhlabathi we-humus. Emva komugqa owodwa ngembewu yenanqante, izitshalo zezitshalo (ezinye iziko).
3. Ngokusebenzisa imbewu ehlwanyelwe. Kubo, ububanzi be-grooves banda ku-5 cm.

Kuye ngesifiso, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa izindlela ezintathu eziqanjwe ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuhlwanyela kwentwasahlobo nokubusika?

Umehluko phakathi kokutshala imbewu yesanqante entwasahlobo nasekwindla yilezi zilandelayo:

• Ukutshala kwe-autumn kuzokuvumela ukuba uvunwe isitshalo sokuqala ngaphambi kokujwayelekile. Izitshalo zomsuka ziyoba nokubukeka okunempilo, azithokozi kakhulu ezinambuzane, kanti usayizi uzodlula izithelo zokuvunwa kwentwasahlobo. Abalimi abaningi abayithandi le ndlela ngoba kumele bavikele ngaphezu kwalokho isimo sezulu. Noma kunjalo, umphumela uwufanele.

  Isici esisodwa: izithelo zalesi sitshalo azigcinwanga isikhathi eside. Zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa okusheshayo. Imibhede yaseJalimani ilungiselelwe ubukhulu obukhulu.

• Ukuhlwanyela ngaphansi kwebusika kuzosindisa isikhathi esiningi entwasahlobo: awudingi ukulungisa imibhede nembewu, njll. Ekwindla, ukugibela kuvunyelwe ukubamba lapho umsebenzi wensimu oyinhloko usuqedile. Futhi awudingi ukuzulazula nge imbewu: bazoba nesikhathi sokudla emswakameni wezwe lekwindla, futhi luzokhuni phezu kwebusika, okuzoqinisekisa ukuthi amahlumela asencane, ayenobungane.
• Ekubeni, kuzodingeka ukhethe ngokucophelela isakhiwo sokuhlwanyela. Indawo enokuthula, engenamimoya lapho iqhwa licibilika khona ekuseni kunconywa. Isiqephu kufanele sibe sendawo eqondile ukuze kuthi lapho iqhwa licibilika entwasahlobo, imbewu ayihlanjululwa emhlabathini.

Ezikhathini ezisele, akukho umehluko phakathi kokutshala kwentwasahlobo nokuhlwanyela kwasebusika. Ukuze amahlumela abonakale kudingeka anakekele ngokulinganayo.

Ingabe ikhona kude nomunye ukutshala imbewu?

Uma izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zanqotshwa zikhonjelwe ukutshala, indawo ikhethiwe futhi ilungisiwe, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlwanyela. Ungahlwanyela ku:

1. Vula phansi. Uhlelo lokutshala endle lulula kakhulu. Ukujula kwembewu ekukhanyeni kwenhlabathi enesihlabathi noma enhlabathi kunamaphesenti ama-2-3, ngenxa yezindleko ezinzima - 1.5-2 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa likhethwe ngokulingana kombhede ngamunye noma isakhiwo, kodwa okungenani u-20 cm. Lokhu kuvumela imigqa engomakhelwane ukuba ingaphazamisi kumngane womngane, futhi lula ukulima.

   Imbewu itshalwe kusuka komunye nomunye ibanga lika 3-4 cm. Lokhu kulula ukukwenza ngephepha lephepha: imbewu yesanqante ifakwa emgqeni wephepha, ehlanganiswe ne-glue, u-3-4 cm eceleni. Khona-ke lo mhlubo ubeka embhede wegadi futhi uhlanganiswe nomhlaba. Leli phepha lizothambisa emva kokunisela, futhi ngeke livimbele ukukhula kwezithombo.

2. Esikhathini sokushisa. Emhlabathini ovuthayo lungise imibhede ngo 3-4 imigqa. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lingama-20-30 cm, phakathi kwembewu - 3-4 cm. Ngobungako bomugqa, ungasebenzisa izikhonkwane ezimbili ngentambo eboshwe. Inhlabathi enamandla idinga ukujula kwe-1-1.5 cm, ukukhanya - 2-3 cm. I-groove kufanele ihlanganiswe, ngenxa yokugeleza kwamanzi kumbe.
3. Ngaphansi kokunisela ukuchelela. Lolu hlelo aluyinkimbinkimbi. Amathipi okudonsa (lateral) afanele ukuchelela, ane-droppers njalo kunama-20-30 cm. Amapulangwe amabili kububanzi obuyi-0.5 m, 2 lateral asetshenziselwa, ebangeni elingu-0.3 m no-0.2m ngalinye. Imibhede engu-3 ububanzi bamateyipu angu-1 ukuya kwangu-2, okwebanga lika-0.4 m no-0.6m. Ukujula kwemibhede kufana nephethini lokutshala langaphambilini.
4. Ukuze imbewu. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kunconywa ukutshala umgodi ngamathambo amaningi, noma wengeze 5 g we-superphosphate granulated. Lolu hlelo luhluke kakhulu kulawo angaphambilini. Izitshalo ezikhethiwe zokutshala (izitshalo zomama) zitshalwe kancane, noma ngokuzungezile, ekujuleni kokuthi ikhanda ligcwele umhlabathi. Uma kukhona amaqabunga aphuzi - afafazwa umhlaba. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo lingama-40 cm, phakathi kwamagquma - 70 cm.
5. Kanye nomnsalo. Ngomnsalo, iphethini lokufika lizobe lilandelayo. Ububanzi phakathi kwemigqa kuyoba ngamasentimitha angu-30-40. Ukujula komhlabathi we-carrot imbewu kuyoba kusuka ku-1.5 cm kuya ku-3 cm, ngoba ama-bulbs ancike ngobukhulu bezinhloko + 2 cm (i-powder evela phezulu nenhlabathi). Imbewu izaqathe ihlukaniswe komunye nomunye ngobude buka 3-4 cm, ama-amp - 6-10 cm.
6. Ngesithombo. Ungatshala ndawonye (ukuxuba imbewu yezitshalo zombili), futhi ngokwehlukana: inqwaba izaqathe, isithombo esithile. Ukujula kwembewu isithombo esingu-1.5 cm, ibanga engadini li-2-3 cm. Ukuhlwanyela okuhlanganisiwe, ukuhlukaniswa kwemigqa kungama-20 cm, okunye kufinyelela kufinyelele ku-30 ​​cm. Ukujula kokutshala imbewu yenanqante kuzokuhlala okufanayo: kusuka ku-1.5 cm kuya ku-3 bheka

Ekuboneni kokuqala, amacebo okutshala imbewu isanqante namanye amasiko ahluka kusukela emini kuya kusihlwa. Eqinisweni, azikho ubunzima obukhethekile. Indima eyinhloko idlalwe ukujula kokuhlwanyela, kanye nebanga phakathi kwemigqa nembewu. Zonke ezinye izinhlobo ze-nuances (ukukhanya noma ukuvuthwa kwemvelo kwenhlabathi, ukwakheka kwayo, ukutshala indawo, njll) kuncane, futhi kunethonya elincane ekuhlumeni kwesitshalo esizayo.