Ama-Raspberries ayelokhu edumile hhayi kuphela amajikijolo anamnandi futhi amahle, kodwa futhi ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo emzimbeni womuntu, nokuthuthukisa lezi zimfanelo, abantu basaletha izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo ezintsha. Enye yezinketho eziwusizo kakhulu yi-raspberry "ibhalsamu", futhi uzothola ukuthi iyamangalisa kanjani nokuthi ungaziqinisekisa kanjani ngokutholakala kahle kwamajikijolo awusizo - kulesi sihloko.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Ukusajingijolo "Ibhalsamu" kuyinto eqondile, kodwa isitshalo esiphakeme kakhulu sokuphakama kwesilinganiso (esimweni sezulu esifudumele, ukuphakama kwayo ngokuvamile akudluli 1.8 m). Amahlumela wonyaka ajwayelekile, aluhlaza okombala, kanti amahlumela ase-biennial kakade agcizelelwe embala obala obomvu. Ngamamitha angu-1 ensimu isitshalo sakha cishe ngo-15-20 ngokushayela nge-wax yokugqoka. Zonke ziyi-medium-studded, ezinama-spikes ezincishisiwe ezinzima zombala obomvu.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezibomvu zokusajingijolo, ama-raspberries aphuzi nabomnyama atholakale nasezindaweni zasemakhaya, ngezakhiwo eziningi ezizuzisayo.
Amapuleti amashidi e-raspberry ahlongozwayo awaphefumuli kakhulu futhi ezimweni eziningi zikhulu kakhulu. Kusukela phezulu, kukhona okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nobumnyama, futhi kusukela ngezansi kukhanya kakhulu, kushicilela kakhulu, nge-spikes epholile epholile embala ompuphu okhanyayo (aselula emithanjeni esemqoka yamaqabunga). 
Lesi sitshalo asizwanga kahle kuphela, kodwa sinamandla okuba nomthelela omuhle kuwo wonke umzimba womuntu, ngoba sibonakala nge-antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekubunjweni kwayo kunamavithamini amaningi namaminerali abalulekile, phakathi kwazo okuhlukanisa kakhulu amavithamini A, B2, PP, E, folic acid.
Uyazi? Izinhlobonhlobo zeBhalsamu zatholakala ngenxa yokuwela kweNewburgh neRuby Bulgarian, futhi yanezelwa kwiRejista kaHulumeni yaseRussia ngo-1993.
Isici esiyingqayizivele seBhalsamu yi-hardiness yayo ebusika enhle, okuyivumela ukuba ihlale ihlanzekile futhi igweme ukufudumala ebusika obubandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo siphumelela ngokuphumelelayo ekukhuliseni nasekukhukhuleni kwesimiso, nakuba kunemvula encane. 
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zikhulelwa ngempumelelo kulo lonke elaseRussia Federation nase-Ukraine, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho kungaba yizindawo zase-Ural, eNyakatho naseMpumalanga Ekude kuphela zaseRussia.
Izici zamajikijolo nokuvunwa
Okusajingijolo okwenziwe "ibhalsamu" yi-berries omnyama-obomvu wobukhulu obuphakathi, okulinganisa u-2.6-2.8 g. Zonke ziyi-one-dimensional, zinomumo obanzi ohlangene nesakhiwo esiqinile. Esimweni sokuvuthwa okugcwele, bahluke kakhulu kusukela esiteshini futhi banemininingwane enhle yokuthakazelisa (i-pulp inomuncu-omnandi), kodwa ukunambitheka akubalulekile.
Sikukwazisa ukuba ufunde izinzuzo zama-raspberries.
Ngokuqondene nomkhiqizo, kulokhu kuphakama kakhulu kunezinga eliphakathi futhi liphakathi kwamaphesenti angama-60-80 avela ku-1 hektare yemifula, futhi ngokucophelela leli nani lingakhuphuka libe ngu-10.5-12.1 t / ha. Uma ukhulile endaweni yangasese ngesihlahla esisodwa, ungathola ama-2.5-2.7 kg amajikijolo avuthiwe nesiphundu. Zonke izithelo zivuthwe cishe kanyekanye, ngakho-ke ngobuncane ngesikhathi ngesikhathi bevuna sonke isitshalo. 
Ukulima kwe-Agrotehnika nokunakekela ama-raspberries
Ukuze uthole inani eliphakeme lama-raspberry ama-raspberry, enesisekelo ukuhlinzeka izihlahla ngezimo ezikhululekile zokukhula nentuthuko. Ngaphandle kwamasu asebenza nge-agrotechnical (okusho ukunakekelwa okufanele kwezitshalo ngokuhambisana nezidingo zokunisela, ukudla nokusika), kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ungenzi iphutha ekukhetheni izithombo ngokwabo, ngakho-ke sizoqala ngalombuzo.
Izinhlobo zokusajingijolo ezifana neGugu, iBarnaul, Ispolin, Ukuziqhenya kweRussia, eCanada, eKirzhach, Polka, Atlanta, Cumberland, Tiberberry kanye I-Caramel ".
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Akuwona wonke amakhophi athengiswa emakethe ayasebenza futhi azozizwa kahle ezimweni zensimu yakho. Amanye awo angonakaliswa ngesikhathi sokuhamba, kanti abanye bangase bavele benesifo noma yiziphi izifo noma izinambuzane. Ukuhlukanisa izithombo eziphilile ngokuphelele ezinkingeni, kubalulekile ukwazi kahle ukuthi yini oyifunayo. Endabeni yokusajingijolo "Ibhalsamu", udinga amakhophi ngezici ezilandelayo:
- ubukhulu obuphakathi;
- nge-rhizome esethuthukile;
- ngesinye noma ngaphezulu esakhiwe ngokugcwele.
Uma isithombo sakho esikhethiwe sinezimpande ezivulekile, khona-ke ngesikhathi sokuhamba i-rhizome kumele ifakwe ngendwangu ebomvu, futhi lapho ufika esakhiweni ngokushesha prikopyat. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi okuqukethwe okude emasakeni esikhwameni sepulasitiki noma ngokugqwaza akuthandeki kakhulu, njengoba izimpande zizoqala ukubola, kanti izithombo ngeke zifaneleke ukusetshenziselwa ukuqhubeka.Kubalulekile! Awudingi ukuthenga izihlahla ezinkulu zokusajingijolo ezinkulu, njengoba kuzoba nzima ukuba zivumelane nensimu entsha.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala nokugcinwa okuqhubekayo kwezitshalo, kufanele uqaphele kuphela izindawo ezikhanyiswe ilanga futhi zivikeleke emoyeni, lapho kukhishwa khona iqhwa ebusika. Kunconywa imikhomo yokuya endaweni eya enyakatho-empumalanga kuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga, futhi kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Inhlabathi kulezi zindawo kufanele ibe yindawo encane, futhi inhlabathi enhlabathi enesihlabathi izodingeka iphuze futhi ihlolwe njalo ngezindaba eziphilayo. 
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo emgodini olungiselelwe, inhlabathi kuwo kumele ifakwe i-peat, i-humus, i-organic matter, uhlaka lwamapulangwe, umquba obolile noma izinkukhu zezinkukhu. Futhi isixazululo esihle sizoba yinhlanganisela yendaba ephilayo nezinhlanganisela zamaminerali, phakathi kwazo ezivelele kakhulu yi-superphosphate (150-200 g) ne-potassium (60-80 g). Imfucumfucu entsha yenkomo ayikho endaweni lapha.
Uma ngesikhathi sokutshala ulethe inani elanele lezakhi zomhlabathi emhlabathini, kanti eminyakeni emibili yokuqala akudingekile ukuba ugibele phezulu. Kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu wokukhula "kweBhalsamu", zonke izintwasahlobo inhlabathi ngaphansi kwama-raspberries kumele zihanjiswe ngamakhemikhali ane-azrogen. Ngenqubo yokwenza izihlahla eziveza izithelo, umquba we-potashi ne-phosphate (50-60 g ngendawo ngayinye), superphosphate, i-potassium sulphate nezinkuni ezisetshenzisiwe (kuwanele nje ukuvusa inhlabathi). Futhi, umthelela omuhle unikeza ukwethulwa kwama-organic compounds ngendlela yomquba obolile ohlanjululwa emanzini 1:10. 
Ukunisela nokuswakama
I-Raspberry "Ibhalsamu" ithanda umswakama, ngakho-ke bayayinisela njalo ngesonto, besebenzisa amamitha angama-30-40 amanzi emitha ngayinye yomhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuchelela okuningi kuyadingeka izitshalo futhi ngokushesha emva kokutshala, okuzokwenza ukuba basinde kahle.
Uyazi? Uma okusajingijolo sikhula eduze nendawo yezinyosi, khona-ke singathemba isivuno esikhulu, ngoba, ukuqoqa umpe, izinyosi zandisa lezi zibalo ngo 40-60%.
Uhlobo lokushisa
Ezindaweni eziningi zesimo sezulu esivamile, ama-raspberries wezinhlobonhlobo ezichazweyo akhuthazelele amaqhwa ebusika kahle, kodwa enyakatho ukhona, kungenzeka ukuthi uzodinga indawo yokuhlala. Amahlumela akumele akhuphuke ngaphezu kwe-30 cm ngaphezulu komhlaba, futhi angagcinwa ngosizo lwe-powder, eliboshwe ekusekeleni noma emigodleni ekhethekile. Ngokushisa okwedlulele kakhulu, ungasebenzisa i-spandex yokukhosela.
Ukukhiqizwa nokutshala
Izithombo zokusajingijolo zitshalwe esakhiweni entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, kanti izitshalo eziluhlaza zitshalwe ehlobo. Inhlabathi yokutshala ilungiswa kusengaphambili, kanti ngesikhathi sokutshala kwekwindla - cishe inyanga. Uma uhlela ukutshala amahlathi ngesikhathi sehlobo, khona-ke imisebenzi yokulungiselela izodinga ukunakekelwa ekwindla. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, lokhu kungenziwa ngokufika kokushisa kokuqala, kodwa kuphela kuphela amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokufika okuhlosiwe. 
Inqubo ngokwayo ingenziwa ngokwemigomo yeklasiki, ngebanga eliphakathi kwamahlathi ka-70-100 cm, nge-tape method (isikhumbi 200-220 cm) noma ngesihlahla (1.5 m phakathi kwehlathi).
Uma ufuna ama-raspberry amahlumela ukuze akhule futhi athuthuke kahle, funda ukutshala ama-raspberries ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Ngokuphathelene nokuzalana, kulokhu okusajingijolo "uBhalsamu" nakho kuyimmeli enenzuzo enkulu. Kulula ukuchithwa kwisayithi ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene: ukusebenzisa ama-cuttings e-lignified ne-green, i-rhizome nokuhlukanisa isihlahla. Enye yezindlela ezithandwa kakhulu ukusika inqubo encane ye-20 cm ukusuka esitshalweni somama ngokunye ukutshala (kanye nebhola lomhlaba) endaweni entsha. Ukutshala indawo kuyanisela kakhulu, kuhlanganiswe futhi kufakwe umthunzi. 
Ukudubula
Izinhlobonhlobo "Ibhalsamu" libhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-raspberry, ngakho-ke izitshalo kuzodingeka zigawulwe njalo, phakathi nenkathi yonke efudumele. Le nqubo yenziwa ngezigaba eziningana:
- Ngemuva kokuvuna, wonke amahlumela aphethwe ngamagxolo ashintshwe emagqumeni (kufanele atshalwe kakade ngonyaka wamanje), futhi ukuze agweme ukusabalala kokutheleleka okungenzeka, ashiswa masinyane, ebe esuswe ngaphambilini.
- Izihlahla ezilandelayo zifika ekwindla ejulile. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, unqume wonke amahlumela angadingekile, owomile nesifo, ubhubhise emva kwalokho njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla.
- Phakathi noMeyi bavame ukuchofoza iziqongo zeminyaka emibili, kushukumisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamagatsha amasha.
- Lapho kufika ihlobo ngonyaka ozayo kusuka ku-okusajingijolo "uBhalsamu" udinga ukukhipha ukukhula, usebenzisa isikhala esibukhali.
Ungakhohlwa mayelana nokulinganisa, ngokusika amahlumela abuthakathaka nakancane kunazo zonke. Ngenxa yalokho, akukho okungaphezulu kwezingu-10 kubo okufanele bahlale emitha elilodwa eligijima.Ukuze uhlakulele ngempumelelo ama-raspberries, kufanele uchithe kahle.
Izinkinga ezikhulayo nezincomo
Inkinga enkulu ekukhuleni ukuhluka kweBhalsamu kuyisisindo esikhulu samashumela amakhulu, ebaphoqa ukuba bathembele emhlabathini ngokwawo. Ukuze ungaqedi amagatsha, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izisekelo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezinhlobo eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa sokukhula. Ngokuvamile, isigxobo sokuxhaswa siqhutshwa phakathi nesikhungo sama-raspberry, futhi kakade ukuphoqa izingxenye zalesi sitshalo kuboshwe kuso. Kodwa-ke, ukungalungi okukhulu kwalendlela kuyanciphisa ukukhanya kwezingxenye zangaphakathi zehlathi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, isivuno sayo sonke. 
Ukuxazulula ngokwenkambiso le nkinga kuzosiza abalandeli ukufaka amahlumela, uma phakathi kwezihlahla ezihlukahlukene behamba ngezinsika bese bebopha ingxenye yawo wonke amagatsha ngamunye, kodwa kungcono ukudonsa ucingo noma ukuhlela i-trellis garter (ama-crimson amahlumela afakwe ezintweni ezisekela entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokupheka).
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobo zezitshalo zithinta kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa okunethezeka komunye wabo kufanele ulinganise inani lamahlumela. Inani elilinganiselwe li-8-10 izingcezu ngamamitha ayizikwele zomhlaba.
Ezinye izinkinga ezibalulekile ekulimeni izinhlobo "Ibhalsamu" ayitholakalanga, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukulimala ngabalimi ababili abanolwazi futhi abanolwazi.
Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi, i-raspberry echazwe ngokuvamile ihlushwa yizinambuzane ezivamile ezifana ne-beetle okusajingijolo, engavumeli amajikijolo ukuba akhule futhi akhule ngendlela evamile. Ukuliqeda, abalimi balimaza nje izinambuzane ezivela emagatsheni efilimu yepulasitiki noma zisebenzisa ama-insecticide esitolo. 
Ukulimala okungaphansi kokuhlwanyela kungabangela amaqabunga amaqabunga nezimbali ze-weevil. I-weevil izimpungushe ziphanga i-peduncle, iguqa kuyo, ngenxa yokuthi i-buds iyawa, futhi isivuno sinciphile kakhulu. Sekuvele sekuvele abantu abashaywe yiziqhumane ekupheleni kwamaqabunga e-summer bese beya emhlabathini ebusika, futhi ukuvimbela umsebenzi wabo ngonyaka ozayo, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla kumele ikhululwe, ihlanganiswe neqhwa.
Kubalulekile! Indlela engcono kakhulu yokwenza izihlahla lapho ukhula okusajingijolo okutshala "Ibhalsamu" kuyisimo esiphindwe kabili: lapho kufika ihlobo, wonke amahlumela anqunywa ngo-10-15 cm, futhi ngonyaka kamuva ukukhula kwe-lateral kunqunywe ibanga elifanayo.
Ukunganaki inkinga ye-gallge midge kungaholela ekufeni kwe-whole raspberry plantation. Ungavimbela imiphumela engathandeki ngokuhlola njalo izihlahla, ukusika amahlumela abonakalisiwe, nokuphatha ama-raspberries ngesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube.
Enye inkathazo evame ukutholakala emasimini yi-aphid okusajingijolo. Ngaphezu kokulimala kwezitshalo, inambuzane iyakwazi ukudlulisela kubo noma yikuphi uhlobo lwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza lwamanye amasiko. Ukuqeda le nkinga, abalimi balisebenzisa ama-insecticide akhethekile ngokumelene nama-aphid, futhi uma isithelo se-ovary sisetshenziselwa ukuhlwithwa izihlahla ezinomdanso we-dandelion, ugwayi, ama-orange kanye nomhlonyane obabayo. 
Ngokuqondene nezifo ezivamile ze-fungal, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-"Bhalsamu" zinokuphikisana okukhulu futhi aziphathelwanga neze. Uma kungazelelwe lokhu kwenzeka, ama-fungicides ajwayelekile azosiza ukubhekana nale nkinga: isibonelo, "Mikosan" noma "Fundazol".
Thola ukuthi iziphi izifo ongase uzihlangabezane nazo ngenkathi ukhula ngama-raspberries.
Ngokuvamile, i-raspberry ehlukahlukene echazwe kuyindlela enhle yokukhula ngesakhiwo somuntu siqu: izitshalo azizithobeki, ziphikisana nezifo futhi zilethe isivuno esikhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma uthanda amajikijolo amnandi kangaka, kufanele ubheke ezinye izihlukahlukene, njengaleli cala i-acidity izobe isenzwa.
Ividiyo: izinhlobo zokusajingijolo "Ibhalsamu"
Impendulo evela kubasebenzisi benethiwekhi mayelana nezinhlobo zama-raspberry "Ibhalsamu"
