Phakathi kwezitshalo ezihlobisa umhlobiso, izihlahlana ezihlangene, eziqhakaza kahle izimbali zithole ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabalimi. Izimbali eziqhakazile ngokukhethekile zaziwa nge-azalea ne-rhododendron. Izitshalo zingabomndeni ofanayo weHeather futhi ziyefana ngokubonakala, kepha zinomehluko kubuchwepheshe bezolimo. Ungakufunda kanjani ukubazi nokubakhulisa ngendlela eyiyo kuchazwe esihlokweni.
I-Azalea ne-rhododendron - ukhona umehluko
Ngokombono wezinto eziphilayo, izitshalo zinokufana kakhulu.
- Womabili lamalungu efomu lomndeni izihlahla ezimbozwe ngamahlamvu acwebezelayo amnandi.
- Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ama-inflorescence amakhulu aqukethe ama-buds amaningi aqhakazile avuleka kumagatsha e-azalea ne-rhododendron. Imvamisa iphunga loju oluqinile luvela ezimbali.
- Umbala wamacembe wehlukene: umhlophe, uphuzi, onsomi, irayisi, ipinki.
- Izitshalo zifuna ngokulinganayo kumswakama womoya, njengomhlabathi oxegayo one-acidity ephezulu. Uhlelo lwazo lwempande olungagugi aluvumeli ukukhululwa kwenhlabathi okujulile, ngakho-ke umhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ufakwa.
Ukuqhakaza kwe-rhododendron kuhle futhi kuyakhanya.
Izimpawu ezinje eziningi zenza abalimi abaningi bakholelwe ukuthi akubaluleke kangako ukutshala i-azalea noma i-Rhododendron engadini. Lona ngumbono oyiphutha, ongaba nomphumela olimazayo ekukhuleni kwesithombo.
Bonke abameleli bohlobo lwama-azaleas kababekezeleli amazinga aphansi okushisa (bafa kakade ngama-+4 degrees), futhi bayakwazi ukukhula endaweni evulekile kuphela ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia (eCrimea, Stavropol Territory). Kuyo yonke insimu, lezi zitshalo zitshalwa njengezimbali zasekhaya noma zokugcina ukushisa.
Ukudideka komlando
Ukukhulunywa okokuqala kwesihlahlana esihle sezimbali "azalea" sikhona ngekhulu lesi-5 BC. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, ukuqhakaza okumangalisayo kwajabulisa amaGrikhi asendulo. Kamuva, izitshalo ezinesiqu esifanayo nesakhiwo sezimbali zatholakala ezansi kwamagquma aseHimalaya, eCaucasus, eSoutheast Asia naseNyakatho Melika.
Qaphela! Igama "azalea" ngesiGreki lisho "omile." Kunikezwe isitshalo iqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi sokuwa likhululeka ngokuphelele kumahlamvu futhi libukeka lingaphili. Igama elithi "rhododendron" lisho ukuthi "isihlahla se-rose (isihlahla)", futhi libonisa ubukhazikhazi nokugqama kwezimbali.
AmaBotanists abesakholelwa kudala ukuthi i-azalea ne-Rhododendron ziyizinhlobo ezimbili zofuzo eziyingxenye yomndeni ofanayo, ezihlukaniswa ngosayizi wazo nokumelana nokubanda. I-Azalea yakha isihlahla esinamakhompiyutha, hhayi ngaphezulu kwesigamu semitha ukuphakama futhi ayibekezeleli isithwathwa. AmaRhododendrons ayakwazi ukukhula afinyelela kumamitha ama-3 ukuphakama, futhi awudingi kangako ezimweni zezulu (angakwazi ukumelana namaqhwa aze afike kuma-degrees angama-20). Okwamanje, ukwahlukaniswa okuhlukile kumukelwe kwimibuthano ye-botanical.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwanamuhla
Namuhla, ososayensi, ngemuva kokwenza uchungechunge lokuhlolwa kofuzo, bafaka zonke izinhlobo zama-azaleas kuhlobo lweRhododendron. Ngamanye amagama, kunembile ukubheka i-azalea njenge-Rhododendron, kepha hhayi okuphambene nalokho.
Ekuhlukaniselweni kwengadi, ama-azaleas ayaqhubeka nokwabelwa iqembu elihlukile, okubonisa umehluko ekwakhekeni kwembali. Unama-stamens ayi-5 ku-bud, angu-10 nangaphezulu ku-Rhododendron. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi baseRussia bazi kahle ukuthi ama-miniature bush angatshalwa kuphela ekhaya.
Ungayihlukanisa kanjani i-azalea ku-Rhododendron ngokubukeka
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabameleli bohlobo olufanayo komunye nomunye ungachazwa ngamagama amabili - izimfushane nezinkulu. Isihlahla se-azalea soze sidlule i-50 cm, kaningi ukuphakama kwaso kungamasentimitha angama-30. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ububanzi be-inflorescence bufika ku-7-12 cm. Izitshalo ezinjengalezi zinamakhompiyutha akhula kahle ezimbizeni ezijwayelekile zezimbali. Angabekwa efasiteleni kanye nezitshalo ezijwayelekile zendlu.
Imbali yangaphakathi ayithathi isikhala esiningi
Ukuphakama kwe-Rhododendron yasendle nezinhlobonhlobo zensimu yazo kungafinyelela ku-3 m, ezimweni ezingavamile - amamitha ama-4. Izihlahla ezinamandla noma izihlahla ezincane zitshalwe ngesimo sama-hedge noma njengezihlahla ezinkulu - ama-tapeworms otshanini.
Kubalulekile! Phakathi kwama-rhododendrons amelana nesithwathwa, izinhlobo zezinamba ezihlangene nazo ziyatholakala. Akulungile ukubheka zonke izihlahlana ezincane njengama-azaleas.
Eminye umehluko ekubukekeni:
- inani elihlukile lohlobo lokubumbana ku-bud;
- ukwakheka kwembali ye-azalea kufana nomgexo ovulekile; ku-Rhododendron ihlumela elimise okwentsimbi;
- amahlamvu ezinhlobo ezincanyana ambozwe ngeflathe engabonakali kalula; amaqabunga ezitshalo ezinkulu aqolile;
- cishe wonke ama-azaleas (ngaphandle kwamaJapane) alahlekelwa amahlamvu awo ngesikhathi sokufa; ama-evergreens atholakala phakathi kwama-rhododendrons.
Umehluko ekunakekelweni kwe-Azalea neRhododendron
Esimweni sezulu saseRussia, i-azalea itshalwa kuphela njengegumbi noma imbali eluhlaza okotshani. Abamele abangaqokeleli bomndeni wakwaVereskovye bangakhulela endaweni eyiSifunda SaseMoscow, e-Urals, eningizimu yeSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Udonga olunjalo oluqhakaza lwama-Rhododendrons lungatshalwa engadini yakho
Zombili lezi zitshalo zidinga i-substrate evulekile, engaphefumula ngokusabela kwe-acidic ku-4-5 pH. Ngokutshala izinhlobo zasendlini, kuhlanganiswa ingxube:
- i-coniferous humus (thatha inhlabathi ehlathini likaphayini noma izinaliti zomquba iminyaka emithathu);
- Peat;
- isihlabathi (i-vermiculite).
Izakhi zizodingeka ngokwesilinganiso 2: 1: 1. Ungathenga inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo esitolo engadini. Phansi ebhodweni, udrako noma isitini esaphukile kumele kuthulwe ukuvikela izimpande ekugangeni komswakama.
Izitshalo ezingaphandle zengeza lezi zithako enhlabathini, ngesilinganiso sama-5-6 kg we-peat kanye ne-coniferous humus, ama-5-7 kg esihlabathi kwisikwele esisodwa. m
Umehluko wokuqala. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Rhododendron zikhula kahle enhlabathini ezinama-asidi futhi zingathathi hlangothi, kanti i-azalea idinga kuphela inhlabathi enomhlaba.
Zombili lezi zitshalo zibekwe endaweni enokhanya kahle, kepha hhayi elangeni. Umthambeka osempumalanga noma itulo elisethunzini elivulekile lezihlahla ezinkulu lilungile. Esithunzini esiminyene, ukuqhakaza kuba mbala, umbala wamathanga. Izimo zasendlini kufanele zibekwe kude nemithombo yokushisa, ngoba i-azalea ayibekezeleli umoya owomile futhi oshisayo.
Ukunakekela isihlahla somgwaqo kuqukethe ukunisela, ukondla, izihlahla nendawo yokuhlala ebusika (kulezo zindawo lapho amazinga okushisa ebusika ehla khona ngaphansi kwama-degrees angu-20).
- I-Rhododendron iniselwa okungenani amahlandla ama-2 ngesonto, ithululela amabhakede angu-1.5 koketshezi ngaphansi kwesihlahla esidala. Amanzi ahlanganiswa nejusi kalamula, i-presinic noma i-oxalic acid.
- Isihlahla sondliwa entwasahlobo, ehlobo nasekwindla. Ukuze ungaphazamisi ubuningi benhlabathi, kunconywa ukuthi kwethulwe ama-fertilizer eziyinkimbinkimbi amaminerali enzelwe leli qembu lezitshalo. Ukunisela ngesisombululo sezakhi zomzimba ngaphansi kwempande kungenye ye-fafaza amahlamvu. Ngentwasahlobo, kuvunyelwe ukufaka amanzi ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla ngenhlanganisela yomquba (i-vermicompost) ne-acid (peat) peat.
- Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ama-rhododendrons afakwa. Isisekelo sesiqu sigxunyekwe ngotshani kuze kufike ku-20-30 cm, umqhele ugoqwe ngezendlalelo ze-lutrasil emhlophe, isihlahla simbozwe ngefilimu ngaphezulu kwawo. Ezinhlobonhlobo ezithanda ukushisa (i-evergreen), kwakhiwa izindlu zeplywood, isikhala sangaphakathi saso sigcwele i-sawdust, chips ze-polystyrene, amaqabunga awileyo.
Ebhokisini elinjalo, lesi sitshalo asesabi isithwathwa neqhwa
Njengoba kudingeka, i-rhododendron iyagawulwa, isuse amahlumela amadala futhi alimaze. Akadingi ukwakheka okuqinile komqhele; babheka kuphela ukuthi awugqinsi.
Ukunakekela inhlobonhlobo yezitshalo zasekamelweni ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo cishe akuhlukile ekunakekeleni imbali engadini. Kuphela kufanele kuyophuziswa, kugwenywe ukweqisa kwenhlabathi nokuqina kwamanzi epanini.
Ebusika, lapho irediyetha isebenza ngokuphelele, kubalulekile ukuvikela i-azalea ekushiseni nasemoyeni owomile. Ama-Florists eza namaqhinga ahlukahlukene okuvikela izilwane ezifuywayo:
- izingcezu zeqhwa zifakwa emhlabathini ebhodweni ngaphandle kokuthinta isiqu;
- beka imbali kuvulandi okhanyayo, lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa khona + 8 ... +15 degrees;
- amanzi bese ufafaza i-azalea ngamanzi, emazingeni okushisa angeqi ku-+16 degrees.
Ukunaka! Okukhathazayo okuyinhloko kulindele umhlwanyeli lapho i-azalea igxuma ibe yisikhathi sokuwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, imbali isengcupheni, futhi ingafa ukunakekelwa okungafanele.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza nge-azalea, kwenziwa manipulos:
- anqume amahlamvu aqediwe kanye namahlumela amanye amasha, enze umqhele ube muncu;
- imbiza yezimbali ihlelwe kabusha egumbini elinamabala futhi elipholile (okushisa hhayi ngaphezulu kwama-degree angu-15);
- hlinzeka umswakama womoya ezingeni lama-70% (faka amapuleti ngamanzi eduze kwezitshalo, unisele i-azalea ngamanzi apholile).
Isikhathi ngemuva kokuqhakaza sihle ukufakelwa kokufakelwa kwezindlu, uma kunesidingo. Kukhethwa imbiza ebanzi nephansi ehlathini, lapho idluliselwa khona ngaphandle kokugcwalisa intamo yezimpande ngenhlabathi.
Umehluko wesibili. Izitshalo zasendlini zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ebusika nangemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Amabhasi ebusika emigwaqweni athembeke ngokwanele ekufakweni.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye esigabeni sokukhula okuluhlaza, ama-azalea adinga ukugqokwa masonto onke ngamanyolo akhethekile (Fasko, Kemira).
Umehluko wesithathu. I-Rhododendron inezidingo ezingekho emthethweni ngokuvama kokugqokwa okuphezulu kunezitshalo ezifuywayo.
Lapho ukhetha i-shrub yengadi yakho, kubalulekile ukuthi ungazihlanganisi futhi ungatholi i-azalea emnene esikhundleni se-Rhododendron engazithobanga. Emncane, lapho kungekho zimbali emagatsheni, cishe akunakwenzeka ukwahlukanisa izithombo kusuka komunye nomunye. Ngakho-ke, impahla yokutshala kufanele ithengwe enkulisa lapho ukuvunyelwa kabusha kungavunyelwe.
