Ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zokudla, i-cherry iye yaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezithelo ezintsha nezitsha ezihlukahlukene ezisekelwe kulo.
Lokhu kuthandwa kwandezwa ngabachwepheshe ngokuzalisa izinhlobo ezintsha ngokufuna izimfanelo zangasese zangempela zalesi siko. Kodwa akekho ozokhohlwa labo asebekhulile, ikakhulukazi njengoba besamkhonza lo muntu ngokwethembeka.
Ngakho "endala", kodwa namanje ikhutshwe ngokuqinile emasimini aseRussia, yi-cherry Griot Moskovsky, incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo nesithombe sesithelo izotholakala ngezansi.
Umlando wokuzala kanye nesifunda sokuzalanisa
Ngawo-1950, eSoviet Union, eyaphoqelelwa ukuxazulula izinkinga zokudla eziyinkimbinkimbi emva kwesikhathi sempi, ososayensi babenomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezaziyokwazi ukukhiqiza isivuno esihle esimweni esinzima sezulu.
Omunye ososayensi ababenomsebenzi owenzile lo msebenzi wayengudokotela wezesayensi yezinto eziphilayo. Khasan Enikeev (1910-1984).
Umlandeli othembekile kanye nomshushisi omkhulu wezimfundiso zikaMichurin, waba khona, njengoba bekusho, esakhiweni sakhe, kusukela eminyakeni eminingana ngaphambi kokuba akhethe ngokukhethekile ekuzaliseni ubusika-izinhlobo ezinzima ze-plum ne-cherry.
Umlobi wezinhlobo eziningi zezithelo uye wahlala njengomgomo wakhe wesayensi ekudalweni kwezitshalo ezinjalo, izithelo zazo ezizoba nemfanelo emihle kakhulu.
Ngo-1959 eZagorje ngaseMoscow, ezivini zokuhlola ze-All-Union Selection ne-Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery, uProfesa Enikeev waletha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ngaleso sikhathi - eMoscow Griot.
U-Bush cherry ngamathemba aphezulu okuvunwa atholakala ngokuhlanganisa i-Western Europe i-Griot Otsgeymsky.
Ngokusho kwemikhawulo yayo eyinhloko, igatsha laseMoscow laseGriotov lalihloswe ukuba libe khona esifundeni esiseduze nesifundazwe saseMoscow eseningizimu.
Kodwa ukutshala kwalo kusakazeka ngokushesha ezindaweni ezingeningizimu zaseRussia. Isifunda somhlaba ongewona omnyama nomhlaba omaphakathi we-Black Earth we-Russian Federation. Kulezi zindawo, izinhlobo ze-cherry njenge-Vianok, Eziphanga neLebedyanskaya zikhula kahle.
Ngo-1959 uGriot Moskovsky wangena kwiRejista Yombuso. Kusukela maphakathi nawo-1960, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zithunyelwa ezilingweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe.
Ukubonakala kwe-Cherry Griot Moskovsky
Izici ezilandelayo zesakhiwo zezinhlobo zitholakala kulokhu cherry:
Isihlahla
Ubhekene nesigaba esiphakathi izithelo izitshalo. Ikhula ngokujwayelekile phakathi kwabantu abadala ukuphakama kwe-2.5 - 3 m. I-Lubskaya, i-Novella ne-Minx ihlukaniswa ngokuqukethwe kwayo okujwayelekile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwakhiwa umqhele okhulu kakhulu oqabunga amaqabunga, okusho ukuthi, njengamabomu, ngaphandle kubonakala ngendlela efana nebhola.
Amahlumela. Kunengqondo emincane. Uke wabiza ukuphoqa.
Amahlamvu. Zibonakala ngobukhulu obujwayelekile. Amaqanda ahlukahlukene ahlukene. Emaphethelweni dvuyakotupopilchatye. Umbala - oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuthungwa kwe-matte.
Isithelo
Ezihlukile isilinganiso futhi esingaphezu kwamasayizi ajwayelekile.
I-cherry evamile yalezi zinhlobonhlobo isisindo kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-3.5 amagremu, Ezimweni ezingavamile, isithelo singase sibe nesisindo sama 5 amagremu.
Iqukethe isakhiwo esizungezile esifanele.
Umbala wesikhumba esibucayi obuncane uhluka ngokubomvu obomvu kuya empeleni kumnyama, kanti ngesikhathi esifanayo amabala angaphansi okubonakalayo angabonakala kuwo. I-Rossoshanskaya Memory of Vavilov inezithelo ezifanayo.
Ngaphansi kwesikhumba i-pulp yombala obomvu obomvu, ocebile ujusi. Isithambo lesisindo esiphakathi naso asihlukanisi kalula kalula ku-pulp.
Ngokuqhubekayo ku-athikili yesithombe lapho uzobona ukuthi i-cherry ehlukahlukene ye-Griot Moskovsky ibukeka kanjani nokuthi ichazwa kanjani.
Isithombe
Izinhlamvu ezihlukahlukene
I-cherry ehlongozwayo i-Griot Moscow iyinhlangano ehlukahlukene yokusebenza okusebenzayo jikelele. I-Moscow griot isetshenziswe kahle kokubili ngendlela entsha futhi ngesimo sokudla okucutshungulwa (ujamu, imishayo, njll). Ukungafani kwesicelo kuhlukaniswa nonyaka ofanayo, uVolochaevka noMayak.
Isici salo siyakwabo ezinhlobonhlobo ezizimele - isigaba esikhulu kakhulu sama cherry. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu kuhlukahluka akakwazi ukutshala ngokuzitholela izimbali zezimbali zabo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ekuthuthukiseni okujwayelekile kanye nokulimala eduze ne-Griot yaseMoscow kuyadingeka ukutshala izihlahla zezinhlobo zokuzimela. Ngenxa yalokhu, Pink, Vladimirskaya, Shubinka, Shpanka Kurskaya, Orlovskaya Ekuqaleni kanye nebhodlela lezinye izinhlobo ezifanelekile.
Izihlahla zaseMoscow Griot baphile isilinganiso seminyaka engu-16-18. Ukukhiqiza Ukulimala kuqala eminyakeni emine noma emihlanu emva kokutshala.
Ngayo yonke izidingo eziqinile ze-agronomic futhi ngokunakekelwa kahle kwalesi sitshalo, iyakwazi umkhiqizo omkhulu ku-15-17 kg esihlahleni.
Kodwa ngomkhuba, isivuno esiphakathi isilinganiso sincane, sishintsha ngaphakathi 8-9 kg kusuka esihlahleni, okungenani amathani ayi-6-8 wezitshalo ngehektare ngalinye.
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zaqalwa eRussia ephakathi, elibhekene nesimo sezulu esifudumele, hhayi efudumele kakhulu ehlobo nasebusweni obubandayo kanye nobusika obukhulu kakhulu nayo yonke imiphumela elandelayo yesikhungo se-thermophilic.
Ngenxa yokukhethwa kwelitshe, uGriot Moskovsky waqhathaniswa ne-clone yayo yasekuqaleni. okunye okuningi okubusika ebusika. Ngokusho kokubheka, ngokuvamile uvame ukubekezelela ukushisa kwamaRussia kahle.
Ukumelana nokuqina kwamaqhwa kuboniswa yizinhlobo zeNadezhda, i-Tsarevna, ngokukhumbula u-Enikeeva.
Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka kubanda kakhulu, kungabangela ukuqhwaza kohlelo lwempande, amagatsha nezithelo ezivuthiwe. Ngakho-ke, umlimi oyisivini okhulisa lezi zihlukahlukene esakhiweni sakhe kufanele agcine lesi sici engqondweni futhi athathe izinyathelo ezifanele.
I-Cherry Griot yaseMoscow ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo. Izithelo zaso, ngokuvamile ezikhula ngamahlumela omnyaka wokuqala wokuphila, zijwayelekile kuvuthwe esikhathini esukela ngo-15 kuya ku-20 kuJulayi. Isibonakaliso esifanayo siboniswa yi-Ashinskaya Steppe neLubskaya.
Ukunambitheka kwezithelo ezivuthiwe eziphendukayo kuphenduka umnandi, ngokumuncu okumnandi. Ngokuyisisekelo, izithelo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa kwetafula entsha. Kodwa ngokuvamile le cherry iphinde isetshenziswe ibe ngamanzi futhi igcine.
Ngenxa yokwanda kwamanzi ukuyihambisa, ikakhulukazi ngobuningi, kuyadingeka ngokunakekelwa okukhulu.
Ngokuphathelene nokuqukethwe okwanele kwamakhemikhali ayisisekelo, "isithombe" sikaGriot Moskovsky sibheka kanje:
| Ukwakhiwa | Inombolo |
|---|---|
| I-Sahara | 10,6% |
| Ama-acids wamahhala | 1,5% |
| Indaba eyomile | 13% |
Ukutshala nokunakekelwa
Ukuze ukuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile kwesitshalo zonke izinhlobo ze-nuances zibalulekile. Impumelelo ekuhlwanyeni okuhlukahlukene kweGriot Moskovsky, impilo yakhe nokuqina kwakhelwe esiteji sokuqala - isigaba sokukhetha indawo yokutshala isithombo.
Isitshalo esinothando sokushisa ngemvelo endaweni lapho kuzohlale khona ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le ndawo kufanele ivikeleke. evikelwe emimoyeni ebusika ebusika futhi evutha imimoya eyomile ehlobo. Ezimweni eziningi, indawo enjalo eningizimu engadini.
Kungcono ukutshala umuthi entwasahlobo. Uma wenza lokhu ekwindla, khona-ke kukhona engozini yokuthi umuthi osemncane futhi osabuthakathaka uzokhipha umfutho ngaphansi kwamahlumela ebusika.
Uma umgadi wensimu enquma ukutshala iGriot Moscow ngoSeptemba, isithombo sinconywa ukuba sibe yi-prikopat ngokucophelela.
Kubalulekile futhi ukugcina ibanga eliphakathi kwezithombo uma utshala.
Njengoba lezi zinhlobonhlobo ifomu lehlathi, imvume phakathi kwabantu bayo kufanele ibe hhayi ngaphansi kwezingu-2 m ulandelana no-2-2.5 m phakathi kwemigqa.
I-Sapling phansi emgodini ophethe ububanzi obungama-60 cm no-50-60 cm, lapho umanyolo wasetshenziswa kusengaphambili. Umhlabathi ophuma emigodini uhlanganiswe ne-humus ne-potassium chloride.
Izithombo ezifakwe emthonjeni zifakelwa ingxube yomhlaba ehlanganisiwe Thela ama-2-3 amabhakede wamanzi abandayo asekuqaleni.
Ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi lufakwe ngokuphelele, inhlabathi ezungeze izintambo kufanele ibe Promulchrovat sawdust. Uhlaka lwe-mulch ku-2-3 cm ngeke luvumele amanzi ukuba aqhume, nomhlabathi owomile uzoqhekeka.
Ukukhipha izihlahla kufanele kukhulume, njengoba ukusika izihlahla kufanelekile kakhulu. Ngenxa yezihlahla ezenziwe kahle, umlimi angakghona ukulungisa isithelo seshukela nesithelo somkhiqizo, anikele isitshalo ngokukhuthazela okukhulu nokuphikisana nezifo.
Ukwenziwa komqhele kufanele kwenziwe masinyane emva kokufika. Kule nkathi, amagatsha endle kufanele ahlukaniswe okwesithathu ubude bawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, umqhele uzokwakhiwa ngendlela efanele.
Ukusika izihlahla zama cherry njalo kwenziwa entwasahlobo, cishe Izinsuku ezingu-18-20 ngaphambi kokuphuka kwephunga.
Okufanayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuphathelene namagatsha agulayo, omisiwe, ngenhloso yokunciphisa umqhele oqinile.
Amagatsha athelekayo nawo athwalwa uma ephenduka isikhathi eside futhi ehla emhlabathini.
Uma kukhishwa ukusika izihlahla ngokugcwele, igatsha kufanele linqunywe ngesisekelo sayongaphandle kokushiya ngemuva kwe-hemp yomsebenzi. Yiqiniso, amagatsha anamandla kakhulu kunazo zonke agcinwa esihlahleni.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Lolu hlobo lwe-cherry lunalo ukuzivikela okuphezulu kakhulu ukuze uhlabe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lisetshenziselwa abakhiqizi abaningi njengabanikeli bokuzivikela kwalesi sifo.
Nokho, i-Moscow Griot, njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi ezindala zama cherry, engozini yezifo ezifungayo ezifana ne-coccomycosis ne-moniliasis.
Ukuphikisana ne-coccomycosis kuboniswa nguZhukovskaya, Podbelskaya, Kharitonovskaya noMinx.
Coccomycosis okubangelwa umthelela esitshalweni se-fossus i-Sossomuse hiema, ehambisana nokubonakala emaqabunga obala obomvu kuqala, bese kuthi izindawo ezinkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, phansi kwamaqabunga ahlanganisa i-patina ephawulekayo yombala omnyama ophuzi.
Ngemva kwesikhashana, amaqabunga aphakanyiswa kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu umuthi ukushisa ebusika.
Iminyaka embalwa yalesi sifo cishe iholela ekufeni kwe-cherry.
Njengoba ama-fungal spores ahlala emaqabeni ahlanjululwe, kufanele asuswe. Kumele futhi ukumbele inhlabathi ekwindla nasentwasahlobo.
Entwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphefute amahlamvu ngesisombululo se-3% seBordeaux. Ngemuva kokuba isigaba sesibhakabhaka sidlulile, ukupompela kwesibili kwenziwa ngesisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi. Ukuhlunga okwesithathu kwenziwa emva kokuvuna - kungaba nesisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi, noma ngesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube.
Amahlamvu namagatsha esitshalo abathintekayo yi-moniliasis ashiswa, ngakho-ke lesi sifo sathola igama layo lesibili - ukushisa okukhulu Iziguli zidubula futhi zife.
Esinye isibonakaliso sesifo esiyingozi kubonakala ukukhula okuncane komthunzi onogwaja emagqabeni. Ukukhula okufanayo nezithelo, njengomthetho, kuphelile ukubola kwabo.
Ungamelana nomonilioz ngesisombululo se-3% se-ferrous sulfate noma i-Bordeaux ingxube. Baphatha umuthi nomhlabathi nxazonke ngaphambi kokuba ifihlekile.
Njengoba ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kungenziwa. ukufiphala kwe-fungicide (1% i-Bordeaux liquid) ngemuva kokusila.
Naphezu kobudala obukhulu bezinto ezihlukahlukene zeGriot Moscow, kusekuhlotsheni kwanoma yiliphi itafula lanamuhla. Kuthatha umzamo omncane kuphela.
